Ukusetyenziswa kwe-biofuels, ngakumbi kwicandelo lezothutho, ibonise a ukukhula rhoqo kwiManyano yaseYurophu. Ngoku ka EuroObserv'ER, idatha yokuqala ye-2016 ibonise ukunyuka okuncinci kokusetyenziswa, ukufikelela kwi-14,4 Mtoe (izigidi zeetoni zeoli elinganayo), emele a ukukhula konyaka nonyaka nge-1,3%. Oku kwaphawula utshintsho ukusuka kumanqanaba ka-2014 no-2015, xa ukusetyenziswa kwahlala kuzinzile.
El i-biodiesel ibingoyena mqhubi wolu hlumo, ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo yozinzo kunye nemimiselo efuna amazwe asebenzise amafutha acocekileyo. Nangona i-bioethanol kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-biofuels zidlale indima encinci ekusetyenzisweni kwehlabathi, ukufaneleka kwazo akuzange kunyamalale. Oku kukhula kunxulunyaniswa nezibophelelo ezibekwe yimithetho ye-EU leyo, ekubeni Umyalelo 2009/28 / EC, baye babongoza amazwe angamaLungu ukuba adibanise i-biocomponents kumafutha endabuko.
Idatha ethile malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-biofuel kwi-2016
Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-EurObserv'ER, ukusetyenziswa kwe i-biodiesel wakhula a 2,4%, ifikelele kwi-11,6 Mtoe, izidibanise njengeyona mafutha ezityalo asetyenziswa kakhulu kwiManyano yaseYurophu. Olu hlobo lwe-biofuel lwalumele 80,6% ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwe-biofuel. Ngeli xesha, i bioethanol, ekwadlala indima efanelekileyo kumxube wepetroli, yehla 3,1%, emi ku-2,6 Mtoe kwaye imele a 18,4% yomxube opheleleyo we-biofuel. I-Biogas, nangona inempembelelo encinci kakhulu, ibe negalelo 1% yokusetyenziswa iyonke, elilingana 138 Ktep.
Inkcazo yokusetyenziswa kwe-biodiesel kukuba ayisetyenziswanga kwifom ecocekileyo, kodwa ixutywe kunye ne-diesel eqhelekileyo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, i-bioethanol iphinda ixutywe nepetroli okanye iguqulwe ibe yiyo ETBE, isongezo esiphucula ukusebenza kwepetroli. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ezi biofuels nazo zinefuthe elihle ekucuthweni kweegesi ze-greenhouse, ezinegalelo ngqo kwiinjongo zemozulu ze-EU.
Ukuqhekeka kokusetyenziswa kumazwe aphambili
Kwinqanaba lelizwe, IFransi ne-UK ikhokele ukusetyenziswa kwe-biofuels ngo-2016. IFransi, enye yabathengi abakhulu kwi-EU, ibe nokukhula 4%, ukufikelela 3.115 Ktoe. Ngelixa i-biodiesel iqhubeka nokulawula, i-bioethanol eFransi yabona ukwanda okukhulu 9,3%, ebonisa ukuzinikela okuqinileyo ngokubhekiselele kulwahlulo lwemithombo yolwazi ehlaziyekayo. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, i-United Kingdom nayo ibonise ukuthambekela okunyukayo, ngokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwe-biodiesel ukusuka 5,8%.
ISweden, nangona inomthamo omncinci opheleleyo kuneFransi kunye ne-United Kingdom, iyaqhubeka ukuma njengelizwe elinomlinganiselo ophezulu wokusetyenziswa kwee-biofuels kwi-EU. Kweli lizwe, ukusetyenziswa kwe-biodiesel kukhule ngokumangalisayo 34,4%, ebonisa inkqubela phambili yayo malunga nokwamkelwa kwamafutha azinzileyo.
Ngokubhekisele kwi Alemania, imarike enkulu ye-biofuels kwi-EU, eli lizwe ligcine amanqanaba alo azinzile, lixhaswa yimigaqo-nkqubo eqinile yokuzinza. Nangona kunjalo, iJamani ilindeleke ukuba iqhubekeke njengophawu kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ngakumbi kumxholo wophuhliso olutsha lwetekhnoloji kunye nezinto ezintsha kwi-biofuels eziphambili.
Imimiselo emitsha kunye notshintsho kwimarike
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umthetho we-European Union uye waba ngumqhubi ophambili wophuhliso lwe-biofuels. I Umyalelo 2009/28 / EC yaMandla aHlaziywayo ibeke izinto ekujoliswe kuzo ezisisinyanzelo kuwo onke amaZwe angamaLungu, nto leyo ephawula isiqalo sotshintsho olusingise ekwamkelweni okukhulu kwee-biofuels kwezothutho.
Ukuqala ngo-2021, umda ubekwe kwisizukulwana sokuqala se-biofuels, ezo ziveliswa kwizityalo zokutya, ukubeka phambili phambili biofuels eziphambili, njengesizukulwana sesibini nesesithathu, eziveliswa kwinkunkuma kunye neemveliso. Lo mlinganiselo ufuna ukunciphisa impembelelo embi enxulumene notshintsho lokusetyenziswa komhlaba olungangqalanga (ILUC).
Kule meko, isizukulwana sesibini se-biodiesel sele ifumene umhlaba, uveliswa ngezinto ezifana neoyile yokupheka esetyenzisiweyo kunye nezinye iintlobo zenkunkuma. Oku kuye kwavumela amazwe afana neSpain ukuba aqhubele phambili ekuzibopheleleni kwawo kutshintsho lwamandla kunye nozinzo, ngelixa amanye, anjengeJamani neFransi, ephonononga ubugcisa obuphezulu bokuvelisa i-biofuels.
Ngaxeshanye, imigaqo-nkqubo ye-European Union ka-2030 iya kuqhubeka nokubeka iinjongo zamabhongo. Ezi mfuno zibandakanya ukudityaniswa kwee-biofuels eziphucukileyo kunye nokwanda okukhulu kwisabelo samandla ahlaziyekayo phakathi kwezothutho.
Intelekelelo yexesha elizayo yemarike ye-biofuels kwi-EU
Kwixesha elizayo, icandelo le-biofuels kulindeleke ukuba liqhubeleke ngokukhula, kugxilwe ngokukodwa kubuchwephesha obuphambili. Ngelixa i-biodiesel iya kuqhubeka ilawula imarike ye-biofuel yehlabathi, i-bioethanol kunye nezinye izibaso eziphambili, ezifana ne-biogas, kulindeleke ukuba zidlale indima ebalulekileyo kwiminyaka ezayo.
Eli shishini lijongene nemingeni emininzi, kuquka ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo zalo zemveliso ukuze lihambelane nemigaqo yangoku neyexesha elizayo. Iinkampani zamandla ezifana ICepsa sele zibhengeze izicwangciso ezinqwenelekayo zokwandisa imveliso yazo ye-biofuels ephucukileyo, ngenjongo yokufikelela kwimveliso yonyaka engaphezu kwe-2,5 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2030. Oku kutyhala kwakhona kuvela kwimigaqo-nkqubo yamandla yaseYurophu, efuna ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwala mafutha ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse. .
I-Biomethane iqalile ukufumana ukubaluleka kumacandelo athile, ngakumbi kumazwe afana neJamani neSweden. Nangona isamele ipesenti encinci yokusetyenziswa kwe-biofuel iyonke, amandla ayo okuthuthwa ezindleleni kunye nokuthutha elwandle kuphononongwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.
Kulo mongo, ukuzinikela kwi-biofuels ephucukileyo kucacile. Njengoko ubugcisa obutsha buphuhliswa, ukukhuphisana kwala mafutha xa kuthelekiswa nezibaso zefosili eqhelekileyo kuyaqhubeka nokukhula, kwaye ukudibanisa kwabo kuya kuba yimfuneko kutshintsho oluya kuhambo oluzinzileyo.
Ikamva lizoba umfanekiso apho ukudibanisa kwe-biofuels, ukufakelwa kombane kunye nokwandiswa kobuchwepheshe obucocekileyo kuya kuba ngundoqo ukuhlangabezana nokuzinza kunye neenjongo ze-decarbonization ze-European Union.