Kwiminyaka ethile ngoku, a isalathisi sozinzo kumazwe ngamazwe osele ukuvile ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Umkhondo weenyawo zendalo. Kwimeko apho imicelimngeni yokusingqongileyo isanda, ukulinganisa lo mba kuyabaluleka ukuyila imigaqo-nkqubo emitsha ethanda kokusingqongileyo kunye nentlalo-ntle yoluntu.
Ngokwemveli, i-GDP (iMveliso yeLizwe epheleleyo) yayisetyenziswa njengesalathisi soqoqosho lwehlabathi, kodwa ayibonakalisi impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Ngoko ke, i Umkhondo weenyawo zendalo Ivela njengemethrikhi ehambelanayo edibanisa iseti yeziphumo uluntu olunazo kwiindawo ezihlala kuzo. Ngokubala kwayo, kuyenzeka ukuba kuvavanywe ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo kunye nokuveliswa kwenkunkuma, nto leyo evumela ukuba kuphuhliswe imigaqo-nkqubo elungeleleneyo neyinyani.
Uthini umkhondo wendalo?
Le ngcamango ichazwa ngolu hlobo:
Umphezulu opheleleyo wemveliso yendalo efunekayo ukuvelisa izibonelelo ezisetyenziswa ngumntu ophakathi ekuhlaleni kunye nokufunxa inkunkuma eyenziwa ngumntu lowo, nokuba ikweyiphi na indawo le miphezulu.
Oko kukuthi, umkhondo wendalo ubonisa ukuba zingaphi iindawo ezinemveliso yebhayoloji esizidingayo ukugcina indlela yethu yokuphila. Ngomlinganiselo, sinokubona umgangatho wozinzo lwabemi ngokunxulumene nemithombo enyiniweyo yesijikelezi-langa.
Uphononongo lwenyawo yendalo
Ubalo lonyawo lwendalo luthathela ingqalelo izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zemveliso kunye neenkqubo zokusetyenziswa. Ukuyibala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba:
- Kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwelungileyo okanye inkonzo, ukuhamba kwe izinto kunye namandla.
- Kufuneka ube nayo iinkqubo zendalo efunxa inkunkuma eyenziweyo.
- Ukuveliswa kweempahla kudla ngokuhlala kwindawo elungiselelwe iinkqubo zendalo ezivelisa imveliso, zinciphisa.
Olu balo ludibanisa iziphumo ezininzi zokusingqongileyo, kodwa alunakusilela. Kukho imiba ethile (ingakumbi esemgangathweni) efana nongcoliseko lomhlaba, amanzi kunye nomoya, ezingasoloko zibalelwa, ngaphandle kokukhutshwa kweCO2.
Iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo ezingachazwanga
Umzekelo, imiba efana nelahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, ukhukuliseko, ukuthotywa kwenkangeleko yomhlaba okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi (ngaphandle kweziseko zophuhliso loxinzelelo lwamanzi) ayisoloko ingena ekubaleni umkhondo. Ngaphaya koko, kucingelwa ukuba izenzo zezolimo, imfuyo kunye namahlathi zizinzileyo, nto leyo enokuthi ingabi njalo kuyo yonke imimandla.
Ke ngoko, iziphumo zomkhondo wendalo engqongileyo zithande ukonga kakhulu, ukukhetha olona khetho lulumkileyo ngokubhekiselele kubalo.
I-Biocapacity: isibonelelo esongezelelweyo
Igama elincedisayo kuphawu lwendalo kukuba biocapacity, ebhekisa kubungakanani bomphezulu wemveliso yebhayoloji okhoyo. Iquka izityalo, amadlelo, amahlathi kunye nemimandla yaselwandle enemveliso.
Umahluko phakathi konyawo lwendalo kunye ne-biocapacity yaziwa ngokuba yi Ukusilela kwendalo, oko kukuthi, izibonelelo ezifunwayo kuthatyathwe ezikhoyo. Ukuba uluntu lunentsilelo ye-ikholoji, oku kuthetha ukuba lusebenzisa ngaphezu kokusingqongileyo kunokuxhasa ixesha elide.
Umzekelo, i-biocapacity yehlabathi iqikelelwa kwi-1,8 yeehektare ngommi ngamnye, nto leyo ebonisa ubungakanani bemithombo yobutyebi evelisa iplanethi enokubonelela ngomntu ngamnye. Kodwa kumazwe afana ne-United States, i-ecology footprint idlula eli nani, ifikelela kwi-9.6 yeehektare, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukuba wonke umntu ehlabathini ebephila ngendlela aphila ngayo e-United States, besiya kufuna iiplanethi ezingaphezulu kwe-9.
Ubalwa njani unyawo lwakho lwendalo
Ukufumana uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lonyawo lwendalo, kuyafuneka ukuqonda konke ukusetyenziswa okuhambelana nemisebenzi esisiseko (ukutya, amandla, iimveliso zamahlathi, ukuhlala emhlabeni) kwaye ziguqulelwe kwindawo enemveliso.
Izigaba zenkqubo yokubala
Ubalo lwenziwa ngamanyathelo amabini:
- Iakhawunti yokusetyenziswa: Usetyenziso oluyinyani okanye oluqikelelweyo lubalwa kusetyenziswa ifomula: Ukusetyenziswa = Imveliso + Ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe - Ukuthengisa ngaphandle.
- Guqula ukusetyenziswa kwindawo enemveliso: Ngesivuno esipheleleyo kunye namaxabiso emveliso, kuqikelelwa ukuba zingaphi iihektare eziyimfuneko.
Isiphumo solu balo sibonakaliswe ngo iihektare zehlabathi (hag), i-metric ekuvumela ukuba uthelekise imimandla kwaye uhlengahlengise iiparamitha zehlabathi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla
Xa kufikwa kusetyenziso lwamandla, i-ecology footprint ikholisa ukulinganisa indawo efunekayo ukufunxa ukukhutshwa kweCO2 okwenziwayo. Ubalo lusekwe ekwahluleni usetyenziso lwamandla lulonke ngomthamo wamahlathi ukulungisa i-CO2.
Ukubalwa kophawu lobuqu lwendalo
Namhlanje kukho izixhobo ezininzi ze-intanethi ezikuvumela ukuba ubale indawo yakho yendalo ngokukhawuleza. Ezi khalityhuleyitha zivavanya imikhwa yokusetyenziswa kwamandla, amanzi, uthutho, inkunkuma kunye nemathiriyeli.
Ngokugqiba uthotho lwemibuzo elula, unokufumana umbono ocacileyo wokuba zingaphi iihektare ozifunayo ukuxhasa indlela ophila ngayo. Enye yezona zinto zikhethwa kakhulu yi le MyFootprint calculator, ekunceda uthelekise unyawo lwakho kwabanye abantu kwaye icebisa indlela yokunciphisa.
Ungathathi hlangothi indawo yethu ebonakalayo kwindalo
Sakuba silazi ifuthe lonyawo lwethu, kucetywa amanyathelo okuwunciphisa. Ukunciphisa unyawo lwendalo kwinqanaba lehlabathi kubandakanya utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwinqanaba lomntu, njengokwamkela imikhwa ezinzileyo.
Eminye yale miqathango ibandakanya:
- Sebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke okanye iindlela zokuhamba ezingangcolisi kangako.
- Ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona ngokusebenzayo kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki.
- Sebenzisa iiglowubhu ezisetyenziswa kancinci kunye nezixhobo zombane ezifanelekileyo.
Utshintsho oluya kwimikhwa ezinzileyo lungundoqo ekunciphiseni ifuthe lethu lokusingqongileyo. Lonke utshintsho oluncinci, ukusuka ekugqumeni kwasekhaya ukuya ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi ngendlela eyiyo, lunokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kwindawo yonke yendalo.