Ungcoliseko eParis: iziphumo zempilo kunye nemilinganiselo yokulwa nalo

  • Ungcoliseko lwamasuntswana alungileyo eParis lunoxanduva lokufa kwamawakawaka ngonyaka.
  • Amanyathelo afana nokuvalwa kwezithuthi zedizili angundoqo ekunciphiseni ungcoliseko.
  • Umlilo weNotre Dame ubangele ingxaki yongcoliseko oluphambili ngo-2019.
Ungcoliseko eParis

NgoDisemba 13, 2013, izitalato ze EParis Babengcolisekile njengegumbi le-20 square metre elineentshayi ezisibhozo. Ikomkhulu lalifumana isiqendu se ngco liseko kuxinene kakhulu, ikakhulu ngenxa yokugcwala ezindleleni, ukufudumeza kunye nemisebenzi yemizi-mveliso. Ngentsimbi yesi-18 ebusuku, isibhakabhaka sasinezigidi ezi-6 amasuntswana amahle ilitha nganye yomoya, amaxesha angama-30 ngaphezu kwesiqhelo. Umoya weparisian wawufana nalowo we tabaquismo pasivo.

Iziphumo zempilo zamasuntswana e-ultrafine

Le datha engapapashwanga yatyhilwa ngoNovemba 24, 2014 kwaye yafunyanwa ngenxa yebhola yaseParis, efakwe epakini. UAndre Citroen kwisithili 15. Esi sixhobo sinakho ukulinganisa ngokuqhubekayo nanoparticles zikhona emoyeni. Ezi amasuntswana e-ultrafine, ububanzi obungaphantsi kwe-0.1 micrometers, buyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yabantu, njengoko bangena nzulu kwimiphunga, bangene kwigazi kwaye banokufikelela kwiinqanawa zentliziyo.

Iziphumo zongcoliseko eParis

Amasuntswana amahle o ultrafine Baye bahlelwa ukususela ngo-2012 yi Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi (WHO) njenge-carcinogenic, ngakumbi echaphazela imiphunga kunye nesinyi. Ngaphezu koko, baye bahlobene izifo zentliziyo kunye nesifo sombefu. Ungcoliseko lomoya lukwanefuthe elithe ngqo kumazinga okuzalwa, njengoko lubeka abasetyhini abakhulelweyo esichengeni esikhulu sokuzala abantwana abanobunzima obuphantsi.

Uphononongo lwangoku luqikelela ukuba ngaphezu kwe-2 yezigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke bafa minyaka le ngenxa yokuphefumla amasuntswana amahle aveliswa ngumoya. ungcoliseko lomoya. EFransi, ungcoliseko luqikelelwa ukuba lunoxanduva ubuncinane Ama-48.000 afa ngonyaka, ukuba ngomnye woonobangela abaphambili bokufa, kuphela emva kwecuba kunye notywala.

Izenzo ezichasene nongcoliseko eParis

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iParis iye yaqinisa iinzame zayo zokunciphisa amanqanaba ongcoliseko esixekweni. Usodolophu Anne Hidalgo ikhokelele umlo othe gqolo ngokuchasene idizili, ekhuthazwa yinyaniso yokuba izithuthi ezisebenzisa le mafutha zinoxanduva lwenxalenye enkulu yokukhutshwa kwe amasuntswana amahle kwikomkhulu laseFransi. Ukususela ngo-2015, izithintelo ziye zaphunyezwa kwiimoto ezindala, kwaye ukususela ngo-2024, kuhloswe ukuvala ngokupheleleyo ukujikeleza kweemoto ze-diesel kwisixeko.

Phakathi kwamanyathelo aphambili okunciphisa ifuthe lezithuthi kumgangatho womoya kukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo I-Crit'Air. Esi sicwangciso sihlela izithuthi ngokwenqanaba lazo lokukhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo, zibanika isincamathelisi esinemibala esibonisa umgangatho wazo wongcoliseko. Enkosi kwiCrit'Air, abasemagunyeni banokunciphisa ukujikeleza kwezona moto zingcolisekileyo xa kubhaqwa iziqendu zongcoliseko olukhulu.

Ukongeza, isixeko sikhuthaze amalinge okunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiimoto, ezifana nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kweemoto. ngebhayisekile ngeenkonzo ezinje Velib' okanye ukwabelana ngezithuthi zombane ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana Autolib'. Iziseko ezingundoqo zasezidolophini nazo ziyaphuculwa, ngolwakhiwo olungaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-1.400 zeendlela zokuhamba ngeebhayisikile ezicwangciselwe u-2024.

ungcoliseko lomoya

Khokela ungcoliseko emva komlilo weNotre Dame

Nge-15 ka-Epreli 2019, umlilo kwi-cathedral yase Notre Dame yenze yaba mandundu ngakumbi imeko yongcoliso eParis. Ngexesha lesiganeko, malunga Iitoni ezingama-400 zelothe ezaziyinxalenye yesakhiwo sophahla neshafu yecathedral, zikhupha amawaka eentsholongwane eziyityhefu emoyeni. Le meko yenza ukuba a ingxaki yezempilo ngaphandle kwemizekelo.

Ilothe yenye yezona zingcolisi ziyingozi empilweni. Ukuphefumla okanye ukufunxa amasuntswana elothe kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezimandundu, ezifana ityhefu yelothe, echaphazela kakhulu abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithandathu ubudala. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iBhunga lesiXeko saseParis lancomela ukuba abahlali nabasebenzi abakufutshane necathedral benze uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze balinganise amanqanaba esi sinyithi.

Ngaphaya koko, inkqubo ye Ukuphelisa ungcoliseko kwindawo yecathedral kunye neendawo eziyingqongileyo. Lo msebenzi wawuquka ukuvalwa okwexeshana kwezitrato ezikufutshane kunye nokucocwa kweendawo ezingcolisekileyo, kusetyenziswa iijeli ezifunxayo ezibamba amasuntswana elothe.

Amathemba exesha elizayo

Phezu kwayo nje imigudu ebalulekileyo eyenziwa ngabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni, i umgangatho womoya eParis kuhlala kungumngeni. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuyenza mandundu le meko, ngakumbi ngokweziqendu eziya zisanda ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ethanda ukwenziwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo ezifana ozone, ingakumbi iyingozi kwinkqubo yokuphefumla.

Ukulwa nongcoliseko eParis kuya kufuna amanyathelo exesha elide kunye nophuhliso lwezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo zokusetyenziswa kwemoto. Iinkqubo zangoku zokuhamba ezidolophini, ezifana nokukhuthaza izithuthi zombane kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezothutho ekwabelwana ngazo, ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo, kodwa akwanelanga ukufezekisa iinjongo. iinjongo zemozulu kunye nokuphucula impilo yoluntu. Imithetho emitsha kunye neeprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo kulindeleke ukuba ziqhubeke ziphuhliswa kule minyaka izayo.

ungcoliseko eParis kunye neziphumo zalo empilweni

Ungcoliseko lomoya eParis lusaqhubeka luyingxaki ebalulekileyo echaphazela impilo yabemi bayo kunye nomgangatho wabo wobomi. Nangona kunjalo, ngesenzo esidibeneyo ngabasemagunyeni kunye nabemi, kukho ithemba lokuzuza ukuncipha okubonakalayo kumanqanaba ongcoliseko kwiminyaka ezayo.


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