Inkqubela phambili kumandla elanga iqhubela phambili ngokungagungqiyo, kwaye kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, kubekho izinto ezintsha eziphazamisayo kangangokuba ziyitshintsha ngokupheleleyo indlela esisebenzisa ngayo ukukhanya kwelanga. Itekhnoloji entsha, izixhobo eziguqukayo, kunye noyilo oluguquguqukayo ngakumbi luthatha iiphaneli zelanga ukuya kumanqanaba angazange abonwe ngaphambili okusebenza kakuhle, okunegalelo ekuzinzeni kwamandla kunye nokubeka amandla elanga njengelitye lembombo lenguquko yendalo.
Kweli nqaku, siza kubonelela ngophononongo olucacileyo nolubanzi lwazo zonke uphuhliso olubumba ixesha langoku kunye nekamva lecandelo le-photovoltaic, ukusuka ekufikeni kweepaneli zohlobo lwe-N kunye nokuphumelela okungaphezulu kwe-25% kwiiteknoloji ezivelayo ezifana ne-perovskites kunye neepaneli eziprintwayo ezithembisa ukuguqula izixeko zethu. Ukuba ujonge ulwazi olupheleleyo noluhlaziyiweyo malunga yamva nje ekusebenzeni kwamandla okuhambelana neepaneli zelanga, olu hlalutyo lwenzelwe wena.
Iipaneli zelanga ze-N: ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuqina
Olunye lolona tshintsho luphawulekayo luka-2024 kwimarike ye-photovoltaic luvela ku-Aiko, umenzi waseTshayina obonise eyona ipaneli yelanga esebenza kakuhle kwihlabathi usebenzisa iteknoloji yohlobo lwe-N. Imodeli yeComet 3N72e ifezekisa a uguqulo olusebenzayo lwe-25,2% kunye namandla amakhulu angama-650 watts, umfanekiso owubeka phezulu ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kwangempela.
Eli nqanaba lokuphumelela liphunyezwa ngokutshintsha imivalo yebhasi yobhedu ukuya ngasemva kweeseli, enciphisa izithunzi kwindawo esebenzayo yendawo yolawulo. Olu yilo aluphuculi nje ukuvunwa okukhanyayo, kodwa lunciphisa ukuthotywa kwe-photovoltaic. U-Aiko uqinisekisa a ukunxitywa konyaka kunye nokukrazula kuphela kwe-0,35% emva konyaka wesibini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiphaneli zayo ziya kugcina i-88,85% yamandla abo emva kweminyaka engama-30. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamandla elanga, olu lwazi lunokuba luncedo.
Yenziwe kwi-a 144 ifomathi yeseli ye-photovoltaicNgesakhiwo se-mono-glass kunye nobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-30 kg, i-Comet 3N72e idibanisa ukukhanya kunye namandla. Nangona i-bifaciality ibingelwa, kukho inzuzo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwangaphambili, ekulungele ukufakelo olujonge kwicala elinye okanye apho ingqokelela yangasemva ingasebenzi.
I-Perovskites kunye ne-quantum technologies: ikusasa sele libhaliwe
Ngelixa iiphaneli ezisekwe kwi-silicon ziqhubeka nokulawula intengiso, itekhnoloji entsha enje iiseli perovskite zihambela phambili ngokukhawuleza. Nangona, ngokutsho kwabavelisi baseTshayina, ukufika kwayo kwimarike enkulu kunokuthatha iminyaka emihlanu, iziphumo zayo zelabhoratri ziyathembisa.
Ezi seli zisebenzisa izinto ezinesakhiwo esifana ne-perovskite yamaminerali endaweni ye-silicon, evumela ukuba kufezekiswe impumelelo enkulu kune-25% nge asezantsi kakhulu iindleko zokwenziwa. Nangona kunjalo, imiba yozinzo kunye nokuqina isafuna ukusonjululwa kwintengiso enkulu. Ukuqonda indlela amandla elanga alungiswa ngayo, unokufunda malunga iibhetri ze-lithium ze-inverters eziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Kwelinye icala, iqela labaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseLehigh (e-USA) liphumelele inqanaba elingazange libonwe ngaphambili ngokuphuhlisa imathiriyeli ye-quantum yeeseli zelanga ekwaziyo ukuvelisa ukuya kuthi ga ii-electron ezimbini kwifoton nganye efunnyiweyo. Le teknoloji ibonise ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-quantum yangaphandle (EQE) ye-190% kunye nokufunxa amandla kwi-80%, xa kuthelekiswa ne-30% yeepaneli zelanga eziqhelekileyo.
Iprinteka, ikhaphukhaphu, kunye neephaneli zelanga ezibhityileyo kakhulu
I-MIT iphinda iguqule icandelo kunye nayo iiphaneli zelanga ezinokuprintwa kunye ne-ultralight, enika ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-370 W / kg. Ezi panel, zenziwe nge Iinki ze-photovoltaic kunye neendlela ezisisiseko zokuprinta isikrini, inokubekwa kuyo nayiphi na indawo: amalaphu, isinyithi, iplastiki kunye neeseyile zeenqanawa okanye amaphiko e-drone.
Ukongeza kwizinto eziguquguqukayo, zinika ukuqina okuphawulekayo: zinokulimala ukuya kumaxesha angama-500 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngaphezu kwe-10% yamandla abo. Le teknoloji ivula indlela yokunxiba elanga kunye nezisombululo zokuvelisa amandla kwiindawo apho ubunzima kunye nokuguquguquka kubaluleke kakhulu. Kusenokuba nomdla ukuqwalasela iingenelo ze Amandla esola kolu phuhliso lutsha.
I-Bifacial, heterojunction kunye neeseli ezininzi
Okwangoku, ukongeza kwiipaneli zohlobo lwe-N, ezona teknoloji zibalaseleyo ze-photovoltaic iipaneli ezimbini zobuso kunye nezo iheterojunction (HJT).
- Iipaneli ze-Bifacial Bavumela ukukhanya ukuba kubanjwe kumacala omabini emodyuli, ukwandisa kakhulu imveliso yayo yonke, ngakumbi xa ifakwe kwiindawo ezibonisa ukukhanya.
- Iiseli ze-Heterojunction Badibanisa i-crystalline silicon kunye nezixhobo zefilimu ezincinci ezifana ne-amorphous silicon, evumela ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-thermal kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi.
- Iiseli ezidityanisiweyo ezininzi Babeka izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-semiconductor ezibamba ubude bamaza okukhanya ohlukeneyo, okwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle koguqulo.
Kulo mgca, uphawu lwe-Huasun lubonise iphaneli ye-HJT enegunya lokuphuma I-750 W kunye ne-24,16% esebenzayo. Enye i-brand ephawulekayo yi-Risen, kunye nemodeli yayo ye-RRSM108-10-450-BNDG enika i-22,1% ukusebenza kakuhle kwi-450 W. Funda kabanzi malunga amandla elanga ombane ukuba unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezicelo ezahlukeneyo zelanga.
Izinto ezintsha ezintsha: iglasi yokuzicoca kunye neeseli eziphilayo
IYunivesithi yoLuntu yaseNavarra iphuhlise a iglasi ephefumlelwe ngamagqabi elotus okunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwelanga kunye nokuphucula ukubamba amandla, ngaphezu kokuzicoca. Olu lutsha luphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngokuthintela ukuqokelelwa kothuli kunye nokungcola, izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokulahleka kokusebenza.
Ukongeza, ukusuka eUnited Kingdom, amaqela ophando enze inkqubela kwi iiseli zelanga eziphilayo, ezisebenzisa iipholima okanye iimolekyuli zokwenziwa. Ezi seli ziguquguqukayo, zikhaphukhaphu kwaye zinoqoqosho, nangona zingasebenzi kakuhle kuneeseli ze-silicon. Ulungelelwaniso olutsha lweemolekyuli luvumela ukuhanjiswa kwe-electron okuphuculweyo, okukhokelela kuyilo olukhuphisanayo. Ukuze ufumane isishwankathelo esipheleleyo, ungaphoswa iiphaneli zesola ezihlaziyiweyo njengokhetho lwexesha elizayo.
Iiphaneli zelanga zilungelelaniswe kwimeko yedolophu kunye neyokwakha
Ukuhlanganiswa kweepaneli zelanga kuyilo lwezakhiwo kuya kuxhaphaka. Izisombululo ezifana iglasi photovoltaic y iifilimu zelanga eziguqukayo enokuthi ifakwe kwiifacade, iisilingi okanye iifestile ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuhle.
Kuphuhliso lwedolophu oluthe nkqo, olufana nezakhiwo zeglasi, iglasi yelanga ivumela ukuveliswa kwamandla ngaphandle kokuguqula uyilo. Ukongezelela, amanye amakhaya asebenzisa izakhiwo ezijikelezayo ezikhuthazwa ngoojongilanga abalandela ilanga, nto leyo eyenza imveliso yabo yemihla ngemihla ibe ninzi.
Iimeko zobomi bokwenyani: ishishini kunye nokwamkela iindwendwe kutyala imali kumandla elanga
Ukuphunyezwa kobuchwepheshe belanga akukhawulelwanga kummandla wasekhaya. E-Dénia, indawo yokutyela i-El Faralló ifake isityalo se-photovoltaic I-50 kW yokuzisebenzisa, kunye neepaneli ze-Solar ze-Longi ezinobuchwepheshe be-Topcon. Esi sisombululo asinciphisi kuphela ukusetyenziswa kombane nge-50% ukuya kwi-70%, kodwa ikwabonelela umthunzi kubathengi ngokusebenzisa i-solar pergolas.
Inkqubo iye iiphaneli ezilungiselelwe ukusebenza naphantsi komthunzi kunye nesakhiwo esomelezwe ngeempundu zekhonkrithi. Isiphumo: ishishini elisebenza kakuhle, elizinzileyo, nelikhululekileyo, liphucula umfanekiso walo phakathi koluntu oluqonda ngakumbi ngokubaluleka kokunciphisa i-carbon footprint.
Ulawulo lwe-Smart, i-AI, kunye ne-blockchain: ukutsiba kwedijithali kwamandla elanga
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zedijithali ze ukubeka iliso nokulawula iinkqubo zelanga ngexesha langempela ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Amaqonga asekelwe kwi ingqiqo Bakuvumela ukuba ulungelelanise ukuqhelaniswa kweepaneli, uqikelele ukuveliswa kwazo kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokwemfuno.
Ukongeza, ukubandakanywa kwe blockchain Iguqula ukulandeleka kwamandla elanga kunye nendlela uluntu lwamandla olusebenzisana ngayo, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa ngokuhlanganyela kunye kunye nokuzisebenzisa. iimicrogrid ezinatyisiweyo.
Ukubaluleka kwempumelelo yokwenene kunye nokuthotywa konyaka
Ngaphandle kwamandla aphezulu, enye yezinto eziphambili ekuhloleni umgangatho wepaneli yelanga yinto yayo amandla okwenene. Oku kufunyanwa ngokubala ubudlelwane phakathi kwento ipaneli eyifumanayo kunye nento eyivelisayo, kuqwalaselwe iradiation eqhelekileyo kunye neemeko zobushushu.
Kwakhona kuye kwaboniswa ukuba umgangatho weeseli kunye nezinga lokuthotywa konyaka ifuthe elibonakalayo kwingeniso yexesha elide. Izinga lokuthotywa kwexabiso elingaphantsi kwe-1% ngonyaka, njengoko linikezelwa yimodeli entsha ye-Aiko, iqinisekisa imveliso ephezulu nasemva kwamashumi eminyaka. Kwabo bajonge ukutyala imali, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iipaneli zelanga ezilungileyo kakhulu zasekhaya.
Xa ukhetha iphaneli yelanga, ngaphaya kwamandla ayo, kufuneka uqwalasele ukusebenza kwayo (ngokufanelekileyo ngaphezu kwe-22%), ukunyamezela kwayo kwe-thermal, ukuqina kwayo kwezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nesiqinisekiso sokusebenza kwexesha elide.
Ukuguquka kwamandla elanga ngo-2024 kuya kubangela ukulungiswa ngokupheleleyo kwecandelo: ukusuka kwizisombululo ze-ultralight kwiipaneli eziprintwayo, kubandakanywa iiseli ze-quantum kunye nezinto zokuzicoca. Ezi zitsha zivumela amanqanaba ahlala enyuka okusebenza, ngelixa ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokuququzelela ukuhlanganiswa kwazo kuzo zonke iintlobo zeendawo. Yonke into ibonisa ukuba, kwiminyaka embalwa, amandla elanga akayi kuba yinto ecocekileyo kuphela, kodwa nayo inenzuzo kakhulu kwaye ifikeleleke.
