Ukumisa iziphumo ezibi zotshintsho lwemozulu, kufuneka benze izigqibo ezikhawulezileyo ulawulo kunye nokwamkelwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo enciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kunye negalelo kuphuhliso lotshintsho lwamandla. Ukukhawuleziswa kokwamkelwa kwe amandla ahlaziyekayo Ingundoqo ekuphepheni imiphumo emibi kakhulu yokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Kulo Iqonga lezoQoqosho laseDavos, abameli beenkampani kunye namaziko kwicandelo lamandla bavuma ukuba iziphumo ezinokuthi zibangele utshintsho lwemozulu aluzange lucingelwe ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuqaqambisa ukungxamiseka kokwamkelwa kwamanyathelo okunciphisa ngokukhawuleza.
Kwaxoxwa ngantoni eDavos?
Injongo yokuqala yentlanganiso yayiyingxoxo malunga nekamva lamandla kwimbono ebanzi. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwacaca ukuba ukutshintsha kwemozulu ngoku ngowona mngeni mkhulu wehlabathi. Ngexesha lentlanganiso, ukubaluleka kwe ukomeleza utshintsho lwamandla, ngakumbi kumazwe anamazinga aphezulu okukhutshwa kwegesi.
Phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba kwakukho amanani abalulekileyo avela kwicandelo lamandla, njengomongameli we Iberdrola U-Ignacio Sánchez Galán, uMphathiswa wezoLoliwe waseNdiya kunye neCoal Piyush Goyal, kunye nabameli bamazwe ngamazwe afana noRachel Kyte ovela kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo. Wonke umntu uvumile ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu ludale a uxinzelelo olungenakuphepheka ukukhuthaza amandla avuselelekayo.
Umzekelo, i-Iberdrola ibone inzuzo yayo ikhula ngokubulela kwisicwangciso sayo esibhekiselele kumandla avuselelekayo, ukufezekisa. ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko ngama-75% kwiminyaka yamuva.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yamandla kunye nonxibelelwano lwehlabathi
Amandla ahlala esetyenziswa njengesixhobo sezopolitiko, esichaphazela abathengi kunye neemarike. Ngelo xesha, ukungabikho komgaqo-nkqubo wamandla ocacileyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwenza utshintsho lube nzima. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali ezininzi ziyavuma ukuba iteknoloji sele ikhona, into engekhoyo a intando enamandla yezopolitiko ekhokelela ezi nkqubela phambili kwikamva elizinzileyo.
Uqhagamshelwano lwamandla lungundoqo. Amazwe anemveliso engaphezulu ngoku angathumela amandla ahlaziyekayo kwamanye. Olu tshintshiselwano lunokwenzeka ngenxa yokudala kunye nokwandiswa kothungelwano lwamandla ngamazwe ngamazwe, inkalo eya kuqhubeka ikhula kwiminyaka ezayo.
Ngale ndlela, uSánchez Galán wakhumbula oko Amazwe ali-195 atyikitye iSivumelwano saseParis, kodwa bambalwa abanemigaqo-nkqubo yamandla eyaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neenjongo ezimiselweyo.
Izisombululo ezicetywayo zokukhawulezisa utshintsho lwamandla
URachel Kyte, omele iZizwe eziManyeneyo, bekucacile kwisindululo sakhe ukuba yeka ukuxhasa amandla efosili. Oku kubalulekile ekutshintsheni imali kumandla afuneka ngokwenene, afana nomoya, ilanga kunye neminye imithombo ehlaziyekayo.
Imfuno yamandla acocekileyo iya isanda. Kuyabonakala ukuba, emva kuka-2030, imveliso yamandla evela kwimithombo yefosili iya kuwa ngaphantsi kwe-20% kwihlabathi jikelele. Oku kuxhaswa yimfuno engxamisekileyo yokuqalisa inguqulelo eya kwiimodeli zamandla acocekileyo.
U-Ignacio Sánchez Galán uphinde wagxininisa ukuba utshintsho akufanele lubonwe njengokulwa phakathi kwamafutha e-fossil kunye nombane, ekubeni igesi kunye neoli zisenendima yokudlala. ziyahambelana ngelixa usiya ekufakeni umbane omkhulu.
Ikamva lotyalo-mali kwizinto ezinokuhlaziywa
Olu tshintsho kwi-paradigm yamandla luzisa amathuba amakhulu, kungekhona nje kwiinkampani zendabuko, kodwa kwinani elikhulayo labatyalo-mali abanomdla kwiiteknoloji ezicocekileyo. Umzekelo ocacileyo yinkxaso efunyanwa ziiprojekthi zomoya kunye namandla elanga kumaziko emali abucala naworhulumente.
Umdla unxulunyaniswa nempumelelo yezoqoqosho iinkampani ezininzi ezikhetha amandla acocekileyo zibonisa, zombini ngokwemiqathango nokuzinza kwakunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho. Ngaphaya koko, amaGalelo aQinisekisiweyo kuZwelonke (Nationally Determined Contributions) (NDCs) kumazwe amaninzi sele eseka ngokucacileyo ukucutha ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye neethagethi zenguqu ezibhekisele ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto ezinokuhlaziywa.
Izibonelelo zentlalo-ntle yenguqu yamandla
Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu zenguqu yamandla kukuba, ngaphezu kokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu, idala Umsebenzi oluhlaza. Ngokutsho kwe-International Energy Agency, kulindeleke ukuba ngowama-2030 olu tshintsho luvelise imisebenzi engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30. Ezi ndima zintsha ziza kugxininiswa kumacandelo afana nokuvelisa izithuthi zombane, ukufakelwa kwamandla elanga kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwiziseko zoncedo ezisasazwayo zamandla.
Ukukhuthazwa kwamandla acocekileyo akunanzuzo kuphela kokusingqongileyo, kodwa kukwanegalelo ekukhuleni koqoqosho olubandakanyayo. Kumazwe avelisa i-oyile negesi, la mandla amele ithuba lokutshintsha uqoqosho kwaye alwenze lukwazi ukumelana nokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso okanye ukuxinezeleka ngokwelizwe.
Isiphelo
Ihlabathi lijongene nemeko kaxakeka engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Ngokukhawulezisa inguqu kumandla acocekileyo, asinakukuphepha kuphela iziphumo ezimbi kakhulu zokutshintsha kwemozulu, kodwa sinokudala izigidi zemisebenzi kwaye siphucule umgangatho wobomi kwisijikelezi-langa siphela. Oorhulumente kunye namaziko kufuneka agxininise kwimigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthaza ukulahlwa kwamandla efosili, ukubuyisela utyalo-mali kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo esele ikhuphisana kwaye iluncedo kwixesha elide.