Isenzeko sokutshintsha kwemozulu iye yasebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuba kunyanzelekile ukuba uluntu luzilungelelanise nendalo kwaye lusebenzise amandla alo ngendlela ezinzileyo, ngelixa luqinisekisa ulondolozo lwendalo kunye nezidalwa ezihlala kuzo. Phakathi kwe iindlela ezahlukeneyo zamandla ahlaziyekayo, la amandla ombane Idla ngokungaqatshelwa kwaye ayixatyiswa ngokupheleleyo. Ngethamsanqa, izazinzulu zenze inkqubela enkulu kakhulu ekuphandeni nasekuphuculeni lo mthombo, ngakumbi amandla e-geothermal yolwandle.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni amandla e-geothermal olwandle, iimpawu zayo eziphawulekayo kunye nendlela enokusinceda ngayo ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Uya kufumana umthombo wamandla ongayeki imini okanye ubusuku, kwaye unamandla okutshintsha imbonakalo yamandla ehlabathi.
Uncedo olungenakulinganiswa olunikezelwa ngumbane we-geothermal waselwandle
Kutshanje, i ICompagnie Générale de Géophysique-Veritas (CGG), Inkampani ekhokelayo kwicandelo lezesayensi ye-geophysical, ipapashe ingxelo enomdla kwi amandla amakhulu e-geothermal yolwandle. Ngophando lwabo, izazinzulu zeCGG ziye zafumanisa umthombo wamandla obalulekileyo ngaphantsi kolwandle, ophawulwa yi-a umsebenzi osebenzayo wentaba-mlilo.
Le mimandla yamandla ibekwe kwindawo ebizwa ziingcali imvelaphi tectonic. Indawo ezikuyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesijikelezi-langa izenza zibe ziindawo ezifanelekileyo zokutsalwa kwamandla obushushu bomhlaba. Ngaphaya koko, amandla anokutsalwa kule mimandla akayi kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane kuphela: unokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane. fumana amanzi okusela kunye ne-hydrogen eluhlaza, igalelo eliphambili kwimveliso yamandla acocekileyo kwixesha elizayo.
Indibaniselwano yobuchwephesha obuphambili kwiinkalo zobunjineli, i-geology, kunye ne-geophysics, ephuhliswe yi-CGG, ivula uluhlu lwamathuba ophando kunye nokubeka iliso kule mithombo yamandla kulwandle oluphezulu. Ayikokuchongwa kuphela iindawo ezinokuxhatshazwa kuzo, kodwa ikwamalunga nokuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zibonelelo zikho ikhutshwe kwaye isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo nangokuzinzileyo.
Ukubaluleka kweCGG ekuphuhliseni amandla olwandle olwandle
Indima edlalwa yiCGG ekuchongeni iindawo zolwandle ezizezona Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-geothermal yaselwandle kubalulekile. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25 yamava endle, bakwimeko entle yokuhlalutya nokuphuhlisa izixhobo ezingaphantsi kolwandle. UPeter Whiting, usekela mongameli olawulayo weCGG, uphawule ukuba amandla omhlaba ayisosithembiso nje, kodwa umthombo ongundoqo wekamva lamandla ehlabathi.
Umzekelo ocacileyo ngowokuba ukwandiswa kweeprojekthi ze-geothermal energy yolwandle kuya kuba negalelo elibonakalayo Iinjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, ngokukodwa ngokubhekiselele kumandla acocekileyo kunye afikelelekayo (SDG 7), kunye nesenzo semozulu (SDG 13). Enyanisweni, i IItary Islands ESpain, ngenxa yobume bentaba-mlilo, bazibeka njengoovulindlela ekuphunyezweni kobu buchwepheshe.
Ukubanakho kwamandla e-geothermal yaselwandle
I-40% yabemi behlabathi bahlala ngaphantsi kwe-100 yeekhilomitha ukusuka elunxwemeni, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba amandla amakhulu olwandle njengomthombo wamandla. Umzekelo omtsha wokusetyenziswa kwamandla ashushu avela elwandle yiprojekthi Thassalia, iphuhliswe ngu Iqela le-ENGIE, esebenzisa umahluko wobushushu phakathi komgangatho ofudumeleyo wolwandle namanzi abandayo anzulu ukuvelisa amandla.
UThassalia nguye iprojekthi yokuqala ye-geothermal yolwandle ebonelela ngokufudumeza okukhulu, amanzi ashushu kunye neenkonzo zokupholisa umoya kusetyenziswa amanzi olwandle. Umzi-mveliso oseMarseille unamandla okugubungela iimfuno ezishushu ezimalunga ne-500.000 m² yezakhiwo kummandla, ukunciphisa ubushushu. ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse nge-70%. Ukongeza kwigalelo lokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu, le projekthi ikwanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngama-65%, nto leyo eyenza isalathiso sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
Iprojekthi ye-Thassalia marine geothermal: Uvulindlela kutshintsho lwamandla
El Iprojekthi yeThassalia, ekwizibuko laseMarseille, igqame ngokutsalwa kwamandla obushushu olwandle ngemibhobho eyi-1 yeekhilomitha ubude ehambisa amanzi ukusuka elwandle ukuya kwizityalo ezisemhlabeni. Ukusebenzisa abatshintshi bokushisa, kokubili ukufudumeza kunye nokupholisa kunokubonelelwa kwizakhiwo ezixhunyiwe.
Ukuphuhliswa kobu buchwepheshe kubandakanya imingeni enkulu yobugcisa, njengokuthintela umhlwa wemibhobho, kodwa izibonelelo ziyabonakala. Ngokungafaniyo neminye imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, i-marine geothermal ayixhomekekanga kwiimeko ze-atmospheric kwaye inokuvelisa amandla rhoqo, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Le projekthi ngumzekelo ocacileyo wamandla obuchwepheshe be-geothermal yolwandle, hayi nje njengomthombo wamandla, kodwa njengesixhobo ukunciphisa ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo kunye nokubonelela ngezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo kwiindawo ezixineneyo zasedolophini.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nemiceli mngeni yamandla e-geothermal yaselwandle
Amandla e-geothermal yaselwandle aneenzuzo ezininzi ezenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona mithombo zithembisayo zamandla ahlaziyekayo. Phakathi kweenzuzo zayo eziphambili zezi:
- Ukufumaneka rhoqo: Ngokungafaniyo nemithombo efana nelanga okanye umoya, i-marine geothermal inokubonelela ngamandla angaphazanyiswa, ngaphandle kokuchatshazelwa yimiba yemozulu.
- Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ephantsi: Ngokungafuni ukutshiswa kwamafutha efosili, ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kuphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza i-marine geothermal ibe sisisombululo esizinzileyo kutshintsho lwemozulu.
- Uzinzo lwexesha elide: Ubushushu obungaphakathi eMhlabeni abupheli, obuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kwamandla kwizigidi zeminyaka.
- Ukuveliswa kwamanzi amatsha kunye ne-hydrogen eluhlaza: Ukongeza ekuveliseni umbane, inkqubo inokuvelisa iimveliso ezixabisekileyo ezifana namanzi okusela kunye ne-hydrogen, eyona nto iphambili kwinguqu yamandla.
Phezu kwazo nje ezi ngenelo, kusekho imingeni ebalulekileyo ekufuneka yoyiswe. Ukubeka imimandla yolwandle efanelekileyo ekutsalweni kwe-geothermal kubandakanya uphando olubiza imali eninzi, kunye neziseko ezingundoqo eziyimfuneko zokuthutha la mandla ukuya emhlabeni azikaphuhliswa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye notyalo-mali kuphando, kunokwenzeka ukuba le miqobo inokoyiswa kwiminyaka ezayo.
Ekugqibeleni, kucacile ukuba ikamva lamandla e-geothermal yaselwandle liqaqambile. Ngophando olufana nolo lweCGG kunye neeprojekthi zobuvulindlela esele ziqhubeka, lo mthombo wamandla unokuba yintsika ebalulekileyo yokuveliswa kwamandla azinzileyo kwihlabathi jikelele, ukunceda ukunqanda utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokubonelela ngezisombululo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.