Iiinjini zomphunga zizixhobo eziyimfuneko ekuguquleni amandla obushushu bomphunga abe ngamandla omatshini okanye ombane. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni umbane kwiziko lombane we-thermoelectric kunye nenyukliya. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba yintoni i-injini yomphunga okanye amalungu ayo.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikela eli nqaku ukukuxelela Yintoni i-injini yomphunga kwaye zeziphi iindawo zayo eziphambili.
Yintoni i-injini yomphunga
I-injini yomphunga ngumatshini oguqula amandla omphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu ube ngamandla omatshini ajikelezayo. Le nkqubo iqhutyelwa ngokwandiswa kwe-steam ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lwee-blades (okanye ii-blades) ezifakwe kwi-rotor, eyenza ukunyakaza okujikelezayo.
Ukusebenza kweinjini yomphunga kusekelwe kwimigaqo ye-thermodynamic. Okokuqala, umphunga uveliswa kwibhoyila, apho amanzi afudunyezwa abe ngumphunga ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu. Lo mphunga ke ngoko ujongiswe kwi-injini yomoya, apho udlula kwizigaba zeencakuba ezizinzileyo nezishukumayo eziqondisa ngokutsha kwaye ziguqule amandla omphunga abe ngumsebenzi womatshini.
Amalungu einjini yomphunga
I-injini yomphunga yenziwe ngamalungu amaninzi aphambili, ngalinye linomsebenzi othile wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona zininzi iindidi zeeinjini zomoya, zonke zineenxalenye eziphambili.
- I-Casing (umzimba weinjini): Yisakhiwo sangaphandle esivale kwaye sikhusele amacandelo angaphakathi. Ikwasebenza ukuqulatha umphunga kwaye uqondise kwiindawo ezichanekileyo ngaphakathi kwi-injini yomoya. I-casing yenzelwe ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu.
- Rotor: Yeyona shaft iphambili ye turbine apho iiblades ezihambayo zixhonywe khona. I-rotor ijikeleza njengoko i-steam ihamba ngee-blades, iguqula amandla omphunga abe yintshukumo ejikelezayo.
- Amagqabi okanye iincakuba: Kukho ii-blades ezisisigxina, ezifakwe kwi-casing kwaye ziqondise kwakhona ukuhamba komphunga ukuya kwii-blades ezihambayo, kunye neentambo ezihambayo, ezifakwe kwi-rotor kwaye zizinto ezifumana i-thrust ngqo ye-steam, evelisa i-rotary. intshukumo.
- Iibheringi: Ziyizinto zomatshini ezixhasa i-rotor kwaye zivumela ukuba zijikeleze kakuhle kwaye zizinzile. Kukho iibheringi zenkxaso kunye ne-thrust bearings, eziqinisekisa indawo ye-axial ye-rotor kunye nokunciphisa ukungqubuzana.
- Iimpawu zomphunga: Zithintela umphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuba ungaphumi kwi-injini yomoya ngokusebenzisa amalunga phakathi kwe-rotor kunye ne-casing. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba amandla omphunga asetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.
- Iivalvu zokulawula: Balawula ukuhamba kunye noxinzelelo lomphunga ongena kwi-injini yomoya. Ezi zivalo zivumela amandla avelisiweyo ukuba ahlengahlengiswe ngokwemfuno yesistim.
- I-Condenser: Nangona ingeyonxalenye ethe ngqo yeinjini yomoya, i-condenser idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekupholiseni umphunga emva kokuba idlule kwi-injini yomoya, iwuguqulela kwakhona emanzini ukuze ujikelezwe kwakhona kwisixokelelwano.
- Iinkqubo zokuthambisa: Baqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezihambayo ze-turbine, ezifana ne-rotor kunye neebheringi, zihamba kakuhle kwaye ngaphandle kokugqoka ngokugqithiseleyo.
- Inkqubo yokutsalwa komoya: Kwii-injini zokunciphisa umoya, le nkqubo isusa umoya kunye neegesi ezingaguqukiyo ezinokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.
Yenzelwe ntoni iturbine yomphunga?
Iiinjini zomphunga zineentlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo ngenxa yokukwazi ukuguqula ngokufanelekileyo amandla omphunga abe ngamandla oomatshini okanye ombane. Eyona njongo iphambili yeinjini yomphunga kukuguqula amandla obushushu bomphunga abe ngamandla omatshini ajikelezayo. La mandla omatshini anokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:
- Ukuvelisa amandla ombane
- Ukubonelela ngamandla omatshini ngokuthe ngqo
Kuninzi lwezityalo zamandla, i-injini yomphunga iqhagamshelwe kwijenereyitha yombane. Ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwe-rotor ye-turbine idluliselwa kwi-generator, leyo iguqula la mandla omatshini abe ngumbane. Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokusetyenziswa kweeinjini zomphunga kwihlabathi.
Kwiinkqubo ezithile zoshishino, ii-injini zomphunga zisetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ukuqhuba oomatshini, njengeempompo, iicompressor okanye iinkqubo zokuqhubela phambili. Oku kuphelisa isidingo sokuguqula amandla abe ngumbane, okwenza ukuba asebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwizicelo ezithile.
Iindawo ezisetyenziselwa iiinjini zomphunga
Iiinjini zomphunga zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso kuba ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokwenziwa kombane. Makhe sibone ezinye zeendawo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu:
- Izityalo zamandla ombane we-Thermoelectric: Basebenzisa amafutha efosili (amalahle, igesi yendalo okanye i-oyile) ukufudumeza amanzi nokwenza umphunga. Umphunga unoxanduva lokuqhuba i-injini yomoya, ukuvelisa umbane.
- amaziko amandla enyukliya: Kwezi zibonelelo, ubushushu obuyimfuneko bokuvelisa umphunga buvela kwiintshukumo zenyukliya kwi-reactor. I-injini yomphunga likhonkco phakathi kwamandla enyukliya kunye nokuveliswa kombane.
- Izityalo ze-Geothermal: Basebenzisa ithuba lomphunga wendalo ongaphakathi eMhlabeni ukuhambisa iiinjini zomoya, ukuvelisa umbane ngendlela ezinzileyo.
- Iinkqubo zemizimveliso: Kwimichiza, i-petrochemical kunye namashishini okucoca, ii-turbines ze-steam ziqhuba i-compressors kunye neepompo eziyimfuneko kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-distillation, ifriji kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwegesi.
- Ukuveliswa kwephepha: Iiinjini zomphunga zisetyenziswa kumatshini wokusila wamaphepha ukuqhuba oomatshini abanzima kunye nokuvelisa ubushushu obufunekayo ukomisa iphepha.
- Ukuhanjiswa kweenqanawa: Ngaphambili, ii-injini zomphunga zazixhaphakile kwiinqanawa ezinkulu, kubandakanywa abaqhubi kunye neenqanawa zomkhosi, njengoko zinika amandla kunye nokuthembeka. Nangona ziye zatshintshwa ngokuyinxenye ziinjini zedizili, zisasetyenziswa kwezinye iimeko.
- Ukuzibandakanya: Kwiindawo apho umbane kunye nobushushu bufuneka ngexesha elifanayo, ii-turbines ze-steam zivumela amandla ashiyekileyo e-thermal yenkqubo ukuba asetyenziselwe ukufudumeza okanye iinkqubo zoshishino.
- Umoya ovuselelekayo: Kwizityalo zamandla obushushu belanga, izipili zijolisa ukukhanya kwelanga ukutshisa ulwelo oluvelisa umphunga, oqhuba iturbine.
Njengoko ubona, i-injini ye-steam yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekuveliseni amandla ombane kwiindawo ezininzi zoshishino. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-injini yomphunga, yenzelwe ntoni kwaye zeziphi iindawo zayo eziphambili.