Kangangamashumi eminyaka, igama i-uralite Kuye kwafana nempahla yokwakha esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphahla, i-downspouts kunye namatanki amanzi. Le mathiriyeli, yenziwe ngokudibanisa isamente kunye nemicu Asbestos, yayidume kakhulu kwishishini ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo, ukuchasana kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, into ebikade ithathwa njengesisombululo esisebenzayo namhlanje ibonwa njengengozi yezempilo ngenxa yeengozi ezinxulumene nayo Asbestos.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ingozi ye-asbestos yabonakala, ibangela uluhlu lwemimiselo eSpeyin nakwamanye amazwe ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwayo nokulawula ukususwa kwayo. Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngokweenkcukacha ukuba yiyiphi i-uralite, indlela yokuchonga ukuba iqulethe i-asbestos kunye naziphi na izilumkiso ekufuneka sizithathe xa sisiphatha.
Yintoni i-uralite?
La i-uralite Ayisiyonto ngokwayo, kodwa ligama lentengiso yenkampani yaseSpain eyazisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngenkulungwane yama-20. Yayiqulathe imathiriyeli eyenziwe ngefiber yesamente enefiber zeasbestos, ezaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo kwizicelo ezinje ngophahla, imibhobho kunye namatanki amanzi. Ukumelana nomlilo kunye nomthamo wokugquma wenza ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezoshishino.
Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2002 ukuveliswa kwe-uralite ene-asbestos yavalwa eSpain ngenxa yeengozi zempilo ezivela ekusezeleni imicu ekhutshelwe kwindalo esingqongileyo. Namhlanje, isamente yefiber isasetyenziswa, kodwa ngezinye izinto ezinje ifayibha yeglasi o iifiber ze-cellulose, ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ubukho be-asbestos.
Kutheni i-asbestos iyingozi?
El Asbestos, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-asbestos, iyiminerali ene-fibrous eyayisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye nokumelana nobushushu. Nangona kunjalo, xa izinto ezikuyo zisonakala okanye zisetyenziswa kakubi, zikhupha iifibers ezincinci ezinokuthi, xa zifakwe, zibangele izifo ezinzulu ezifana:
- Umhlaza wemiphunga: Inxulunyaniswa nokuvezwa ixesha elide kwi-asbestos.
- Mesothelioma: Uhlobo lomhlaza ochaphazela i-pleura, kunye neendlela ezimbalwa zonyango.
- Asbestosis: Isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo esenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.
Ngenxa yezi zizathu, ukususwa kunye nokuphathwa kwe-asbestos kulawulwa ngokungqongqo kwaye kufuneka kuqhutywe ziinkampani ezikhethekileyo.
Ndazi njani ukuba iuralite yam iqulethe iasbestos?
Ukufumanisa ukuba i-uralite iqulethe i-asbestos ibalulekile ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe nawuphi na umsebenzi okanye ukukhohlisa. Nazi ezinye iindlela zokuyichonga:
- Umhla wokuhlohla: Ukuba i-uralite ifakwe ngaphambi kwe-2002, kukho ithuba eliphezulu lokuba iqulethe i-asbestos.
- Amaxwebhu obugcisa: Uphononongo lofakelo lokuqala okanye amaxwebhu okuthenga izinto.
- Imbonakalo yomzimba: Iipleyiti zamathanki ezingwevu phambi komhla okhankanyiweyo zihlala zineasbestos.
- Uvavanyo lwaseLab: Ukuba uyathandabuza, okufanelekileyo kukuthatha isampuli kwaye uyithumele kwibhubhoratri ekhethekileyo, rhoqo ulandela imigaqo yokhuseleko.
Ingaba ifumaneka phi i-uralite ene-asbestos edla ngokufunyanwa?
I-Uralite eneasbestos yayisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezininzi zokwakha. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuyifumana kwi:
- Uphahla kunye namaqweqwe amacangci: Isetyenziswa ezindlini, kwimizi-mveliso kunye neegaraji.
- Amapopu kunye nemibhobho: Ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi.
- Iitanki zamanzi: Ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni ukugcina amanzi.
- Iipaneli zesahluli: Kwizakhiwo zoshishino okanye ezolimo.
Ukuba ipropati yakho inazo naziphi na ezi zinto kwaye yakhiwa ngaphambi kuka-2002, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko.
Izilumkiso xa uphethe i-uralite
Ukuphatha i-asbestos equlethe i-uralite ngumsebenzi obuthathaka obandakanya iingozi ezinkulu zempilo. Ngokomthetho waseSpain, akuvumelekanga ukuba abantu okanye iinkampani ezingagunyaziswanga zenze umsebenzi onxulumene nesi sixhobo. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, kufuneka:
- Qasha a Inkampani ebhalisiweyo yeRERA (uBhaliso lweeNkampani ezinoMngcipheko we-Asbestos).
- Sebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela (PPE) kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa.
- Kuphephe ukusika, ukugqobhoza okanye ukukrazula izinto, njengoko oku kukhupha imicu eyingozi.
- Ukuthutha iuralite ukuya kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezigunyazisiweyo ukwenzela ulawulo olululo.
Iindlela zanamhlanje kwi-uralite
Ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha uphahla okanye i-uralite element, kukho izisombululo zanamhlanje kunye nezikhuselekileyo, ezifana iipaneli zesandwich. Ezi zenziwe ngamashiti amabini axhathisayo anesiseko sokugquma, njenge-polyurethane, kwaye abonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi:
- yakhe ukukhanya kwaye kulula ukuyifaka.
- Banikezela nge ukwahlulwa kobushushu kunye ne-acoustic ephezulu.
- Aziqulathanga izinto eziyityhefu nokuba yingozi.
- Inye Ubomi obude obuluncedo kwaye zithandeka ngakumbi.
Ukongeza, uninzi lwezi zisombululo zifanelekile kwizibonelelo ezikhuthazayo ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
Ukujongana nomba we-uralite kunye ne-asbestos kufuna zombini ulwazi kunye nokulumkisa. Nangona iingozi ezibangelwa yi-asbestos, kunye namanyathelo afanelekileyo kunye neengcebiso zeengcali, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqinisekiswe indawo ekhuselekileyo nenempilo. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unokuba ne-asbestos-equlethe i-uralite, yenza ngononophelo kwaye usoloko ubeka phambili ukhuseleko.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-uralite kunye nobungozi be-asbestos.