Amandla enyukliya abe ngumba obalulekileyo eSpain ukusukela ekwakhiweni kwezityalo zayo zokuqala. Nangona uluvo loluntu luye lwathandabuza ngakumbi emva kweengozi zaseChernobyl naseFukushima, oku kuhlala kungumthombo obalulekileyo wamandla, omele ngaphezu kwe-20% yombane opheleleyo owenziwe kweli lizwe. Nangona kunjalo, enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo kulawulo lwenkunkuma ye-radioactive, ekwavelisa ukungaqiniseki okuninzi. Kweli nqaku siza kuphonononga zingaphi amaziko amandla enyukliya akhoyo eSpain, ukusasazwa kwayo kunye nekamva elicwangcisiweyo lezi zityalo.
Zingaphi izixhobo zamandla enyukliya ezikhoyo eSpain?
Okwangoku, eSpain kukho izixhobo zamandla enyukliya ezintlanu ezisebenzayo ezisasazeke kuwo wonke ummandla welizwe. Ezi zityalo zintlanu zigcina izixhobo zenyukliya ezisixhenxe zizonke. Izityalo ze-Almaraz kunye ne-Ascó zineactor ezimbini kwisinye, ngelixa i-Cofrentes, i-Vandellòs II kunye ne-Trillo izityalo zine-reactor enye kuphela. Ezi zibonelelo zivelisa malunga I-20% yamandla ombane asetyenzisiweyo kweli lizwe
Amaziko asebenzayo enyukliya eSpain zezi zilandelayo:
- Iziko lamandla enyukliya eAlmaraz: Ifumaneka eCáceres kwaye yasekwa ngo-1983, inezixhobo ezimbini zenyukliya.
- Iziko lamandla enyukliya laseAscó: Ifumaneka eTarragona kwaye iyasebenza ukusukela ngo-1984, ikwanazo nee-reactors ezimbini ezisebenzayo.
- Iziko lamandla enyukliya laseCofrentes: Esi sityalo, sikwiphondo laseValencia, savulwa ngo-1985 kwaye sinesixhobo sokwenza amanzi abilayo.
- Iziko lamandla enyukliya iVandellòs II: Esi sibonelelo, sikwaseTarragona kwaye sisebenza ukusukela ngo-1988, sinesixhobo esinye kuphela.
- Iziko lamandla enyukliya laseTrillo: Esona sikhululo samva nje, savulwa ngo-1988 eGuadalajara, sinesixhobo senyukliya.
Ngokudibeneyo, ezi zityalo zibonelela ngomthamo ofakelweyo we-7.398,77 megawatts (MW) zamandla ombane, oyimfuneko kukhuseleko lwamandla kwi-peninsula.
ISpain kunye namandla enyukliya: Zeziphi izityalo ezingasasebenziyo?
Ngaphandle kwezityalo ezihlanu ezisebenzayo, iSpain inazo ezinye izixhobo zenyukliya eziye zayeka ukusebenza. Le yimeko yeziko lamandla enyukliya USanta Maria de Garona e Burgos, ivaliwe ukususela 2017 kwaye kwinkqubo yokudilizwa, kwakunye Jose Cabrera (iGuadalajara)—eyaziwa ngokuba yiZorita—kunye Vandellòs I (Tarragona), nazo zichithwayo. Nangona zingasawuvelisi umbane, ezi zixhobo zihlala ziphantsi kolawulo ngenxa yenkunkuma kunye nezixhobo zokusasazeka ngemitha ekufuneka zilawulwe ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamandla enyukliya kwixesha elizayo
Ukupheliswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya ezisebenzayo eSpain akubonakali kungumbuzo wokuba kuya kwenzeka, kodwa ngumbuzo wokuba nini. URhulumente waseSpain umisele ishedyuli yokuyeka zonke izixhobo zamandla enyukliya ezisebenzayo phakathi kwe-2027 kunye ne-2035. Isityalo sokuqala sokuvala siya kuba yi-Almaraz I (ngo-2027) kwaye yokugqibela iya kuba yi-Trillo (ngo-2035). Esi siphelo somjikelo sibangelwa ikakhulu zizinto ezimbini: iindleko eziphezulu zokwandisa ubomi obuluncedo bezityalo kunye neenkxalabo malunga nokhuseleko kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma.
Ukuphelisa ugunyaziso lomzi-mveliso wenyukliya yinkqubo entsonkothileyo nebiza imali eninzi engathatha amashumi eminyaka. Izityalo ezingasasetyenziswayo, ezinjengoJosé Cabrera kunye neVandellòs I, azikaqhathwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zikwixesha lokulinda ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iindawo zeradiyoloji ziba yingozi kangako ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutyekwe nomsebenzi.
Ulawulo lwenkunkuma eqhumayo: Umceli mngeni osalindileyo
Ulawulo lwenkunkuma eqhumayo, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ngomnye weyona mingeni iSpain ijongene nayo ngoku ngokubhekiselele kumandla enyukliya. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, itotali eqikelelweyo ye 80.400 cubic metres yenkunkuma ene-radioactive, ezibandakanya inkunkuma ephakathi kunye nephezulu. Enye yale nkunkuma iyingozi kakhulu kuba inokuvelisa ubushushu kwaye ihlale isebenza kangangamawaka eminyaka.
La INkampani yeSizwe yeNkunkuma yokusasazeka ngemitha (ENRESA) ujongene nokulawula le nkunkuma, kunye nokwenza ukudilizwa okufana naleyo iqhubekayo kumzi-mveliso waseGaroña. Inkunkuma igcinwe okwethutyana kwi Iziko lokugcina i-El Cabril eCórdoba, nangona eli ziko linomthamo olinganiselweyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukwakhiwa kwe-a Indawo ekumbindi weThutyana yeXeshana (ATC).
Ikamva lamandla enyukliya eSpain
Ngaphandle kwezicwangciso zokudilizwa, amathuba okufumana amandla enyukliya eSpain awavalwanga ngokupheleleyo. Uphuhliso lwe Uvimba weGeological Deep, indawo engaphantsi komhlaba engaphezulu kweemitha ezili-1.000 XNUMX ubunzulu obunokugcina ngokukhuselekileyo inkunkuma yenyukliya kangangexesha elide.
IBhunga loKhuseleko lweNyukliya sele lenze amaphononongo emimandla ukuchonga iindawo ezinokubakhona zokugcina, nangona ezona ndawo zichanekileyo zingekatyhilwa. Esi sisombululo kulindeleke ukuba sifumaneke phakathi kwe-2050 kunye ne-2070, eya kuvumela inkunkuma ye-radioactive eveliswa ukuba iphathwe ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo.
Lilonke, izityalo zenyukliya zaseSpain zisenobomi obuluncedo phambi kwazo, kwaye nangona ukuvalwa kwazo kubonakala kungenakuphepheka, impikiswano yamandla enyukliya kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma luhlala luvulekile, luchatshazelwa yindaleko yezobuchwepheshe kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yamandla yelizwe elizayo.
Amandla enyukliya eSpain ayaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni umbane, kodwa ilizwe lilungiselela ikamva ngaphandle kwalo, apho umngeni walo omkhulu uya kuba kulawulo oluchanekileyo lwenkunkuma eqhumayo kunye nokuvalwa okucetywayo kwezityalo.