Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukukhangela ezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo kumafutha efosili ifumene ukufaneleka okukhethekileyo kumacandelo amandla kunye nezothutho. Into ebizwa i-e-fuels, okanye izibaso ezenziweyo, ziye zavela njengenye yokubheja okukhulu kumashishini e-decarbonizing, kude kube ngoku, abe nobunzima obukhulu ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwawo, okufana nokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya kunye nokuthutha okukhulu.
La mafutha enziwe ngawo ihydrogen eluhlaza y I-COâ‚‚ ebanjwe, thembisa indawo encinci yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuhambelana ngokupheleleyo neziseko ezikhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, icandelo lisajongene nemingeni ebalulekileyo yezoqoqosho kunye neteknoloji ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwee-fuels kwiminyaka ezayo.
I-e-fuels ziveliswa njani kwaye kutheni zithathwa njengezizinzileyo?
Amafutha e-E Zilulwelo ezenziweyo okanye iigesi ezenziwe ngokudibanisa ihydrogen efunyenwe ngokwenziwa kwe-electrolysis yamanzi kusetyenziswa umbane ohlaziyekayo kunye ne-carbon dioxide ebanjwe, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zemizi-mveliso okanye ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka emoyeni. Isiphumo sisibaso esithi, xa sitshiswa, sikhupha i-COâ‚‚ efanayo eyayisetyenziswa kwimveliso yayo., nto leyo esivumela ukuba siyiqwalasele ikhabhoni engathathi hlangothi, ngakumbi ukuba ikhonkco lonke lisekelwe kumandla avuselelekayo.
Eminye imizekelo yala mafutha ngamafutha: i-e-petroli, e-diesel y i-e-kerosene, le yokugqibela idlala indima ephambili kwi-decarbonization ye-aviation, apho ukufakelwa kombane kungenakwenzeka kwiinqwelo-moya ezihamba ixesha elide.
Isicelo kwinqwelomoya: inkqubela phambili kunye nemingeni
Icandelo leenqwelo moya likwindawo ephambili, njengoko inqwelomoya ithatha ingxelo malunga nayo I-2,5% yokukhutshwa kweCOâ‚‚ yehlabathi ukusuka kumandla. I i-e-fuels, ngokukodwa into ebizwa e-SAF (I-Sustainable Aviation Fuel synthetic), inika ithuba lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-90% xa kuthelekiswa namafutha omoya aqhelekileyo.
Iinkampani ezifana ne-OXCCU, kunye nezinye iziqalo kunye nezizwe ngezizwe ezinkulu, ziye zaqhuba Uvavanyo lwenqwelomoya oluyimpumelelo kusetyenziswa imixube ye-e-fuelUmzekelo, i-KLM kunye neBritish Air Force sele ibhabha isebenzisa i-e-SAF, nangona amanani alinganiselwe kunye neenjongo zokubonisa.
Owona mqobo uphambili ekwandeni kwe-e-fuel kwinqwelomoya Ihlala iyindleko: ukwenza ilitha ye-e-fuel inokuba ngakanani Ixabiso eliphindwe kathathu kuneparafini yesintuUkukhawulelana nalo msantsa, iManyano yaseYurophu kunye neUnited Kingdom zisebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo kunye nezikhokelo zolawulo ezimisela izabelo ezisisinyanzelo ze-SAF kule minyaka izayo. Umzekelo, i-EU iya kufuna i-0,7% yamafutha eenqwelomoya ukuba ibe yi-e-SAF ngo-2030, ngelixa i-United Kingdom inexesha layo lokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwezi mveliso.
I-scalability ikwamele umngeni ongundoqo. Ukuvelisa ngokwaneleyo ihydrogen eluhlaza kunye nokubamba i-COâ‚‚ eyimfuneko ifuna a utyalo-mali olukhulu kumaziko kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo, ngaphezu kwentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nesikhokelo solawulo esizinzile esibonelela ngokhuseleko lwexesha elide kubavelisi.
Ukukhula kwemarike yehlabathi kunye neendlela
Intengiso ye i-e-fuels ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngokweengxelo zamva nje, ixabiso lentengiso yehlabathi limi malunga ne-2024 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-159.850 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba lifikelele. 900.800 izigidi ngo-2034, nto leyo emele isantya sokukhula sonyaka esimalunga ne-19%. Impikiswano malunga neefuel zebhayoloji kunye nefuthe lazo kukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ikwaphembelele umdla kwi-e-fuels.
IYurophu ngoku iphambili kwi ukwamkelwa kunye nophuhliso lwe-e-fuels enkosi kumthetho wayo onamabhongo wokususwa kwekhabhoni notyalo-mali lukarhulumente nolwabucala kwiiprojekthi ze-R&D. Ummandla waseAsia-Pacific, ngokwenxalenye yawo, kuqikelelwa ukuba uya kufumana ukwanda okukhulu kwiminyaka ezayo, eqhutywa kukukhula kwemizi-mveliso kunye nesidingo sokunciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya.
Iinkampani ezifana INERATEC GmbH, ICarbon Recycling International, Umlilo welanga GmbH, LanzaTech, I-Siemens Energy AG y Neste Oyj bangabanye babadlali abaphambili kweli candelo. Ukongeza, iinkampani zamandla ezisekiweyo ezifana Itotali yamandla y Uniper SE Bakwatyala imali kobu buchwepheshe, baphuhlisa amaziko okulinga kunye neendlela ezintsha zoshishino zokuvelisa izibaso ezenziweyo.
Ulawulo kunye neembono zerhafu
Ukwamkelwa kwe i-e-fuels inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nobukho be izikhokelo zolawulo ezicacileyo kunye nenkuthazo yerhafuI-European Union, umzekelo, iseke inkqubo yokurhweba nge-emissions emissions (ETS), evumela ukuba umahluko wexabiso phakathi kwe-SAF kunye ne-kerosene eqhelekileyo ukuba ihlawulwe ngenkxaso-mali ekujoliswe kuyo, ngaloo ndlela iququzelele ukungena kwamafutha okwenziwa kwimarike.
Amazwe ayathanda EUnited Kingdom Baceba ubuncinane i-2030% yawo onke amafutha eenqwelo-moya ukuze agcineke ngo-10, anyuke aye kuma-22% ngo-2040. Ezinye iinkampani zeenqwelo-moya, ezifana ne-KLM, ziqalisile ukuvavanya izongezo zexabiso lamatikiti ukuxhasa ukuthengwa kwe-SAF, ukuvavanya ukuzimisela kwabathengi ukuncedisa kwinguqu.
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba inye kuphela indibaniselwano smart yotyalo-mali lukarhulumente, ulawulo oluluqilima kunye nenkxaso yecandelo labucala vumela i-e-fuels ukuba ifezekise amaxabiso akhuphisanayo kunye nemveliso eyaneleyo kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo.
Amathuba oshishino kunye nemingeni yexesha elizayo
Uphuhliso lwe i-e-fuels uvula ucango ku a ishishini lamandla amatsha enokuguqula imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha angamanzi kunye negesi. Ukusetyenziswa kwe I-COâ‚‚ ebanjwe kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo anokwenza i-e-fuels ibe ngumdlali ophambili kungekuphela nje kwinqwelomoya, kodwa nakumacandelo ekunzima ukuwafaka umbane, afana nokuthuthwa kwenqanawa, uloliwe, kunye namanye amashishini.
El ixabiso lokuqala eliphezulu ukusuka kwizityalo zemveliso, ukufikelela i-hydrogen eluhlaza enkulu kunye neziseko ezingundoqo ezifunekayo kubonelelo kunye nolungiselelo lweminye yemiqobo ekufuneka yoyiswe. Nangona kunjalo, intsebenziswano phakathi kweenkampani zetekhnoloji, iinkampani zamandla, kunye noorhulumente ikhuthaza ukutsha, ngethemba lokuba i-e-fuels ibe yinxalenye eqhelekileyo yomxube wamandla ehlabathi.
