La Amandla olwandle Ngomnye wemithombo ethembisayo evuselelekayo, nangona iphuhliswe kancinci xa ithelekiswa neminye efana nelanga okanye umoya. Isekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwamaza, ukuhamba kwamanzi okuveliswa ngumtsalane wokutsala owenziwe yiNyanga kunye neLanga emhlabeni. Nangona la mandla enamandla amakhulu, iindleko kunye nobunzima bobuchwepheshe bucuthe uphuhliso lwawo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Enkosi kwiprojekthi exhaswa ngemali yi-European Union efana I-FLOTEC (i-Floating Tidal Energy Commercialization), inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo yenziwa. Le projekthi ikwazile ukuvelisa i-iturbine engasebenzi kakuhle kuphela, kodwa isondela kumanqanaba okusebenza afana neeinjini zomoya ezikude nonxweme. Iprojekthi isebenze njengomzekelo wendlela ekufuneka uphuhliso lweli candelo luyilandele ukuguqula amandla olwandle abe yindlela enokwenzeka nokhuphiswano kwixesha elizayo elingekude.
Ukuphuhliswa kwenjini esebenzayo
Iprojekthi ye-FLOTEC yenze i-injini yomoya ephawule isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yamandla olwandle, ekwaziyo ukuvelisa. ngaphezulu kwe-18 MWh kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24 ezingaphazanyiswa. Eli nqanaba lobuchule lisondele ngokuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni kweeinjini zomoya ezikude nonxweme, ezivula ifestile yamathuba orhwebo lwamandla olwandle.
Le mpumelelo ibalulekile kuba, kude kube mva nje, amandla olwandle ebengekaguquki njengamanye amandla ahlaziyekayo. I-advanteji yeeinjini zomoya kukuba zithatha ithuba lokuxinana okukhulu kwamanzi xa kuthelekiswa nomoya, nto leyo evumela amandla amaninzi ekinetic ukuba abanjwe kujikelezo ngalunye lweencakuba.
Olunye uphuculo oluphambili oluye lwavumela ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-turbine ephuhliswe yi-FLOTEC ibe kukunyuka kobubanzi be-rotor, ukusuka kwi-16 ukuya kwi-20 yeemitha. Olu tshintsho lunyuse imveliso yamandla ngama-50%, umtsi obalulekileyo wokuguqula obu buchwepheshe bube yindlela eyonga amandla.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nemingeni yamandla olwandle
Eyona nzuzo iphambili yamandla olwandle lulo ukuqikelela. Ngokungafaniyo neminye imithombo ehlaziyekayo efana nelanga okanye umoya, amandla olwandle anenzuzo yokuba amaza aziziganeko ezinokuqikelelwa, nto leyo evumela ukucwangciswa okusebenzayo kwemveliso yombane.
Nangona kunjalo, imingeni ekuphuhlisweni kwayo ngokupheleleyo mininzi. Imo engqongileyo yaselwandle yimekobume entsonkothileyo, njengoko ifuna ubunjineli obunamandla obukwaziyo ukuxhathisa iimeko ezinzima, njengokubola ngamanzi etyuwa, iimpembelelo ze-biofouling (ukuqokelela kwezinto eziphilayo kwiindawo) kunye nokuguguleka nge-cavitation. Ngaphaya koko, ulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo phantsi kolwandle lumele iindleko eziphezulu zofakelo nokugcinwa kwazo.
Omnye umngeni ochaphazelekayo ngu mpe mbelelo. Iiinjini zomoya kufuneka ziyilwe ukuze zingaphazamisi kakubi izilwanyana zaselwandle, ezifana nezilwanyana ezanyisayo okanye iintlanzi. Ngale ndlela, iprojekthi ye-FLOTEC yenze inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo ngokuhlanganisa ubugcisa obunciphisa ezi mpembelelo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekufumaneni imvume yolawulo kunye nokunciphisa inkcaso yoluntu.
Iiprojekthi zamandla olwandle kwihlabathi
Enye yezona projekthi zibalulekileyo ngokwesikali yinkqubo yamandla olwandle iMeyGen eScotland, emele i iseti enkulu yee turbines ezisebenzayo ezininzi emhlabeni. Le nkqubo ye-6 MW ithumele kumazwe angaphandle phantse i-25 GWh yombane kwiGridi yeSizwe ukususela oko yafakelwa kwiSigaba 1A, ibandakanya umndilili wosetyenziso ngonyaka malunga nama-3.800 amakhaya aseBritani.
Ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezintsha, iprojekthi ye-ELEMENTI nayo yenze igalelo elibalulekileyo, iphuhlisa a inkqubo yokulawula ekrelekrele eyenza ukusebenza kwee turbines ngokulindela ngcono kunye nokulawula imithwalo yoomatshini echaphazela ukusebenza kwabo. Olu hlobo lobuchwepheshe lunokunyusa ubomi obuluncedo beeinjini zomoya kwaye lunciphise iindleko zamandla ngaphezulu kwe-17% kumjikelo wabo wobomi.
Amanyathelo okuqala kunye nophuhliso
Olunye ukuqhubela phambili okuphawulekayo yi-Obital Marine Power O₂ turbine, ethathwa njengeyona inamandla emhlabeni kunye namandla okuvelisa. I-2 MW. Le teknoloji sele isebenza kwii-Orkney Islands, e-United Kingdom, kwaye inamandla okubonelela ngezindlu ze-2.000 ngonyaka, ngaphezu kokufaka isandla kwimveliso ye-hydrogen eluhlaza ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis.
Iprojekthi ye-D2T2, exhaswa ngemali yiManyano yaseYurophu, nayo yenze inkqubela ekunciphiseni iindleko zokusebenza ngo susa iibhokisi zegiya kwii turbines kunye nokusebenzisa inkqubo yothumelo oluthe ngqo, evumela ukuvelisa umbane ngesantya esisezantsi. Le nkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe ivumele iindleko zokuvelisa amandla olwandle ukuba zicuthwe ngama-30%. Iiprojekthi ezifanayo, ezifana ne-NEMMO, ziphucula izixhobo ze-blade ukuxhathisa ukhukuliseko kunye nemiphumo ye-biofouling kwiindawo ezinzima zaselwandle.
Amandla e-Tidal, nangona akwinqanaba lophuhliso xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithombo, bubuchwephesha obunamandla okuba ngomnye wemithombo yamandla ehlaziyiweyo yexesha elizayo. Iinzame zangoku zophando kunye nenkqubela phambili esebenzayo ivula indlela eya kwikamva elicocekileyo, elizinzileyo, apho amandla ahlaziyekayo adlala indima eyongamelayo. Enkosi ekuqikelelekeni kwayo, amandla olwandle abonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ngaphezu kwezinye izinto ezinokuhlaziywa kunye neziseko zophuhliso ezaneleyo kunye notyalo-mali olukhulu, inokusuka ekubeni sisithembiso ukuya kwinyani ecacileyo.
Kukho amandla acocekileyo aneleyo ngaphezulu kokugubungela iimfuno "zomntu", into esisweleyo "ngumatshini", onako ukuwuqokelela kwaye ugxile kuwo ngokufanelekileyo nangokufumana inzuzo.