El intshukumo yamaza Ulwandle lunamandla amakhulu okuvelisa umbane, lusebenzisa amandla ale nto yendalo. Olu hlobo lwamandla lwaziwa ngokuba amandla amaza, eyinxalenye yoluhlu olubanzi lwe amandla ahlaziyekayo ezingavelisi izinto ezikhutshwayo ezingcolisayo. Umba ophambili kukuba la mandla asebenza ngakumbi kumazwe anonxweme olukhulu, njengePortugal okanye iChile.
Amandla Imoto yamaza Ayingomthombo ococekileyo kuphela, kodwa inomthamo oqikelelweyo wemveliso onokufikelela kuyo Iigigawathi ezingama-2000, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukhetho enomtsalane kakhulu ukuba negalelo kwi ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwicandelo lamandla.
Iintlobo zetekhnoloji zamaza
Kukho ubuchwephesha obahlukeneyo obuvumela amandla okunyakaza kwamaza ukuba abanjwe kwaye aguqulwe abe ngumbane usebenzisa imigaqo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo. Itekhnoloji ephambili yahlulwe ngokweendlela ezintathu eziphambili:
- Iinkqubo zekholamu zamanzi ezijikelezayo: Sebenzisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ukucinezela kunye nokunciphisa umoya ngaphakathi kwegumbi. Oku kubangela ukuhamba komoya okuqhuba i-injini yomoya kunye nokuvelisa umbane.
- Iibhoyi zombane: La maqonga adadayo alandela intshukumo emi nkqo yamaza aze awaguqule abe ngamandla omatshini, athi emva koko aguqulwe abe ngamandla ombane ngokusebenzisa ijenereyitha yangaphakathi.
- Izakhiwo ezidadayo: Basebenzisa intshukumo yamaza ukuvelisa uxinzelelo oluqhuba iiinjini zomoya okanye iipiston, ezivelisa amandla.
Enye yezona nguqulelo zintsha ekusebenziseni amandla amaza sisixhobo esaziwa ngokuba yi Anaconda. Le nkqubo, ephuhliswe eNgilani, isebenzisa ityhubhu yerabha ezaliswe ngamanzi ebekwe phakathi kwe-40 kunye ne-100 yeemitha ubunzulu. Ngokuhamba kwamaza, amanzi angaphakathi kwityhubhu ahamba, okwenza ukuba acinezele kwelinye icala, apho kukho i-turbine eguqula loo ntshukumo ibe ngumbane. Phakathi kweenzuzo zalo mzekelo kuphantsi kweendleko zayo zokuvelisa kunye nokugcinwa kwayo, kunye nokuchasana neemeko ezinzima zolwandle.
Ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla amaza
Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo zamaza kuyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwetekhnoloji eyamkelweyo, kodwa kuzo zonke iimeko zisekwe ekusebenziseni ithuba intshukumo yamaza ukusuka elwandle ukuvelisa amandla oomatshini athi kamva aguqulwe abe ngumbane. Olu hlobo lwamandla lungundoqo kwimimandla engenayo imithombo emininzi yamandla asemhlabeni, kwaye impembelelo yawo yokusingqongileyo iphantsi kakhulu.
Okwangoku, Photshugo Lelinye lamazwe angoovulindlela ekusebenziseni olu hlobo lwamandla. Isebenzisa inkqubo ye-buoys ebekwe elwandle, ilizwe lenze inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo kuphuhliso lwamandla amaza, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba lwandise lo mthamo kungekudala.
Esinye sezicelo ezinomdla zamandla amaza kukukwazi ukubophelela ubutyebi obungenakuphela zamaza, ahamba rhoqo iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku. Ngokutsho kohlolisiso lwakutshanje, kuqikelelwa ukuba amaza anokuvelisa Iiyure ezingama-29.500 zeterawatt ngonyaka, ebiya kuba ngaphezu kokwaneleyo ukubonelela ngemfuno yamandla yesijikelezi-langa siphela.
Iiprojekthi eziphambili kunye namazwe aphambili kumandla amaza
Amandla amaza avuse umdla wamazwe amaninzi ngenxa yamandla okuba amaza akwazi ukuvelisa umbane omkhulu ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwimithombo yefosili. Amanye amazwe akhokela uphuhliso lobu buchwepheshe ngala:
- Portugal: Ukuba lelinye lamazwe okuqala ukuphumeza ii-buoys zombane kunxweme lwayo, igcine indawo yayo ekhokelayo kumandla amaza.
- EUnited Kingdom: Abaphuhlisi baseBritani abanje ngabadali besixhobo se-Anaconda baphambili kwi-innovation system wave.
- ISpain: Kwilizwe laseBasque, isityalo se-Mutriku yimeko ephawulekayo, ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 yokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kunye ne-1 GW efakwe kwigridi yombane.
- EChile: Ngonxweme lwayo olude, iChile inamandla amakhulu okufumana amandla amaza, ngakumbi kunxweme lwayo lwePasifiki.
Uvavanyo lukwaqhutywa nakweminye imimandla efana neHawaii, i-Israel ne-Australia, kodwa ezi projekthi zisekwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso.
Imingeni kunye nemingeni yamandla amaza
Nangona kukho inkqubela phambili, i amandla amaza ijongene nothotho lwemingeni yobugcisa nezoqoqosho. Ukuyila izixhobo ezimelana neempembelelo eziqhubekayo zamaza ngenye yeengxaki eziphambili. Kumanzi arhabaxa, amaza anokugqithisa iimitha ezili-10, nto leyo emele ukuguga okukhulu kunye nokukrazuka kwezinto kunye nezakhiwo, okubangela ukusilela koomatshini.
Enye inkalo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe yile ukwenzeka kwezoqoqosho. Amandla amaza asenazo iindleko eziphezulu xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithombo evuselelekayo efana nelanga okanye amandla omoya, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuwamkela ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ukuze le teknoloji ibe yinto esebenzayo kunye nokukhuphisana, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zemveliso kunye nokugcinwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkqubo yokufumana iimvume kunye nokulawulwa kwakhona kuyingxaki, ekubeni ukufakwa kwezi nkqubo elwandle kufuna ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo engqongqo kakhulu ekhusela i-ecosystems yaselwandle.
Nangona le mingeni, uphando luqhubela phambili. Ezinye iisistim ziqalisa ukudibanisa ubugcisa, obufana nokudibanisa iinkqubo zamaza namandla omoya, ezinokuvula amathuba amatsha okuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza koqoqosho kwezi projekthi.
Njengoko amazwe amaninzi esenza utyalo-mali kuphando nakuphuhliso kule nkalo, sinokubona ikamva apho amandla amaza edlala indima ebalulekileyo kumxube wamandla ehlabathi.
Amandla amaza ahlala eyitekhnoloji engekavuthwa xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ezinokuhlaziywa, kodwa amandla ayo makhulu. Ukuqhubela phambili kwizinto ezintsha, ezifana nesixhobo se-Anaconda, kubonisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokuphucula okunokuthi kwenzeke ukuba lo mthombo ube yindlela yoqoqosho kunye neyozinzo kwixesha elide.