Amaza olwandle aqukethe isixa esikhulu samandla ivela kwimimoya, ukuze umphezulu wolwandle ubonakale njenge umqokeleli wamandla omoya omkhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Iilwandle zifunxa izixa ezikhulu zamandla elanga, ekwanegalelo ekushukumeni kwemisinga yolwandle namaza. La mandla, aqokelelwa kumgama omde ngokohlobo lwamaza, anokusetyenziswa ukuvelisa umbane ngobugcisa obahlukeneyo, obaziwa kunye njengamandla amaza okanye amandla amaza.
Amaza ngamaza amandla uveliswa ngumoya kunye nobushushu belanga, obusasazwa kumphezulu wolwandle. Le ntshukumo ibandakanya ukufuduka okuthe nkqo kunye nokuthe tyaba kweeathomli zamanzi. Xa siqwalasela ukuhamba kwamaza, sibona ukuba amanzi awaqhubeli phambili, kodwa iimolekyuli zamanzi zichaza i-orbit ejikelezayo.
Kwiliza elithambileyo, amanzi akufutshane nomphezulu akahambi nje kuphela phezulu nasezantsi, kodwa naphambili naphambili kwi-crest nasemva kwi-tary, evumela la mandla ukuba aguqulwe abe ngumbane. Iimolekyuli zamanzi zichaza intshukumo ejikelezayo: ziyaphakama xa i-crest isondela, ziqhubele phambili kunye ne-crest, ze zehle njengoko zidlula, kwaye zihlehle kumkhombe wamaza.
La maza amandla phezu kolwandle, oko kukuthi, amaza, Banokuhamba amawaka eekhilomitha kunye nokugcina izixa ezikhulu zamandla, ngakumbi kwimimandla efana noMntla weAtlantiki, apho imimoya ebhudla ngamandla ivelisa amaza anomlinganiselo wamandla anokubakho ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 kW kwisikwere semitha somhlaba wolwandle. Lo vimba mkhulu. xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubukhulu beelwandle.
Ukubophelela amandla amaza
Itekhnoloji yokusebenzisa amandla amaza yaqala ukufundwa ngeminyaka yoo-1980 kwaye iqhubele phambili kakhulu ukusukela ngoko. Ijolise ekuguquleni intshukumo ethe nkqo nethe tyaba yamaza ibe ngamandla omoya okanye ombane. Phakathi kwe iindawo ezininzi ezisebenzayo Ukuphunyezwa kobu buchwepheshe, i-latitudes phakathi kwe-40º kunye ne-60º ifunyenwe, apho imimoya ivelisa i-wave eqhubekayo eneempawu ezilungileyo zokusetyenziswa.
Ngale ndlela, ezininzi ziye zaphuhliswa imisebenzi yobuvulindlela eYurophu nakweminye imimandla eselunxwemeni, ibalaselisa imizekelo efana naleyo yaphuhliswa kwiiCanary Islands.
Okwangoku, amandla amaza aphunyezwa kumazwe amaninzi, apho iziphumo ezigqwesileyo ngokwemveliso yombane. Umzekelo:
- EUnited States, malunga ne-55 TWh ngonyaka ivela ekuhambeni kwamaza, emele i-14% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla elizwe.
- EYurophu, inani liphezulu nangakumbi, lifikelela kuma-280 TWh ngonyaka.
Amanqwanqwa ombane wamaza onshore
Kwezinye iindawo apho imimoya efana imimoya yorhwebo, inkqubo yamadama inokufakwa ukuze iqokelele amanzi atyhalwa ngamaza. La madami kufuneka aphakanyiswe, phakathi kwe-1,5 kunye ne-2 yeemitha ngaphezu komgangatho wolwandle, ukuvumela ukusetyenziswa kweeinjini zombane eziqhelekileyo ngokukhulula amanzi abuyele elwandle.
Le nkqubo inokwenzeka kwiindawo apho amaza angaphazamisi kakhulu ukusebenza kwedama. Ngaphaya koko, kwimimandla enamaza anamandla ngokukodwa, iibhloko zekhonkrithi zingakhiwa kude nonxweme Gxininisa amandla engaphambili lamaza kwindawo encinci ngokwentelekiso, nto leyo enokwandisa amandla akhoyo enkqubo.
Ukusetyenziswa kokuhamba kwamaza
Enye yezona teknoloji zaziwa kakhulu zokuthatha ithuba lokuhamba kwamaza yi ikholamu yamanzi ejikelezayo (OWC). Le nkqubo iqulethe isakhiwo esivala ikholamu yamanzi apho uxinzelelo lomoya lwenziwa ngokunyuka kwamaza. Lo moya unyanzelekile ukuba udlule kwi-injini yomoya ukuze uvelise amandla. Le nkqubo iphinda isebenze kwizigaba zokudakumba xa i-wave ihla, evumela ukuqhubeka kwimveliso yombane.
Umzekelo oyimpumelelo kule nkalo yi Inqanawa Kaimei inikwe amandla ziiinjini zomoya ezicinezelweyo, eziphuhliswe ngokudibeneyo ngurhulumente waseJapan kunye ne-International Energy Agency.
Ingcaphephe entsha
Kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo eziguqula ukuhamba kwamaza abe ngamandla. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya:
- Isihlenga seCockerell: inkqubo yee-rafts ezicacileyo ezithatha ithuba lokuhamba kwamaza ukunika amandla iimpompo ze-hydraulic.
- Idada leSalter: iqulethe uluhlu lwemizimba ye-oval ejikelezayo kunye namaza, ngalinye liqhuba iijenereyitha zombane.
- I-Airbag yaseYunivesithi yaseLancaster: ityhubhu yerabha ethi, ngamaza, inyanzelise umoya ukuze uhambise iiinjini zomoya.
Izisombululo ezahlukeneyo zeteknoloji ziyaqhubeka ziphuhliswa ukuze zithathe ithuba lokunyuka kunye nokuhla kwentshukumo yamaza.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nokungalunganga kwamandla ombane
Amandla amaza anika iingenelo ezintle ezifana nezi:
- Ivuseleleka kwaye ayipheli: Ukusebenzisa ubutyebi obuya kuhlala bukhona elwandle.
- Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ephantsi, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko ezithile apho iinkqubo zokuqokelela umhlaba ziphunyezwa.
- Inokudityaniswa kwi iziseko ezingundoqo zonxweme sele ikhona.
Kodwa ikwanazo nezingeloncedo:
- Ufakelo emhlabeni okanye kufuphi nonxweme lunokuba namandla impembelelo ebonakalayo neyokusingqongileyo.
- Ayinakucingelwa ngokuchanekileyo, ekubeni amaza axhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu ngelo xesha.
- Iinkqubo ubuso iingxaki zobugcisa kunye neengxaki zokusebenza ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima zendalo yaselwandle.
Amandla amaza abonisa a amandla amakhulu kunye nenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo eyenziwayo ukoyisa imingeni ekhoyo ekuphunyezweni kwayo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.