Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha nozinzo: Ukuveliswa kwamandla kumanzi amdaka

Kuzo zonke izixeko zehlabathi, i amanzi amdaka Bamele ingxaki enkulu ekufuneka ilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo. Amaziko okucoca amanzi amdaka aphunyezwa ngenjongo yokususa izinto ezingcolisayo ngaphambi kokuba ziphinde zibuyiselwe kwimo engqongileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, iminyaka embalwa ngoku, iindlela kunye netekhnoloji ziye zahlolwa ukuba azifuni nje ukuhlambulula amanzi, kodwa kwakhona. guqula inkunkuma ibe ngamandla, ukusebenzisa amandla anokufumaneka kula manzi.

Yintoni amanzi amdaka?

Las amanzi amdaka Ngamanzi asetyenziselwe imisebenzi yasekhaya, ishishini okanye yezolimo kwaye aqulethe inkunkuma kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo. La manzi ahlelwa njengamanzi asekhaya, amashishini kunye namanzi emvula, kuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yawo. Ngokubanzi, ziyingxaki enkulu yokusingqongileyo ngenxa yezinto ezingcolisayo ezizivezayo kunye nefuthe lazo kwindalo esingqongileyo ukuba aziphathwanga kakuhle. Kwizixeko, ukucocwa kwala manzi kubalulekile, kodwa ukongezelela ekucoceni, kukho amandla okufumana amandla kuwo.

Ukuveliswa kwamandla kumanzi amdaka

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, itekhnoloji ihambele phambili kakhulu, ivumela amanzi amdaka Azihlanjululwanga kuphela, kodwa zikwasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla. Phakathi kwezona ndlela zidumileyo zokuvelisa amandla kule nkunkuma zezi:

• Ukufumana i-biogas Ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo kumanzi amdaka.
• Isizukulwana umbane ngeeseli ze-microbial fuel.
• Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu lobushushu obuvela kumanzi amdaka ukulungiselela ukupholisa umoya.
• Ukuveliswa kwe hydrogen, umthombo wamandla acocekileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-biogas

Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo kukuveliswa kwe biogas kumanzi amdaka. Le biogas ifumaneka ngenkqubo ebizwa imethanization, apho i-organic matter ekhoyo emanzini amdaka ibola kwindawo engena-oxygen (anaerobic).

Imveliso ephambili yokubola yi-methane, enokusetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukuveliswa kombane kunye nokufudumeza.

Imethane inemisebenzi emininzi, kuquka ukuvelisa umbane ngokuwutshisa kwiiinjini zomoya okanye kwizakhiwo zokufudumeza. Kwizixeko ezininzi ezifana Grenoble o IStrasbourg, i-biogas ifakwe kwinethiwekhi yokusabalalisa igesi yendalo, inika amandla kuzo zombini izindlu kunye nezithuthi.

Amava ngamazwe

Kukho izixeko ezahlukeneyo kunye namazwe ehlabathini apho sele besebenzisa amanzi amdaka ukwenza amandla. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• En IBasel, eSwitzerland, ubushushu bufunyanwa kumanzi amdaka ukufudumeza emva kwenkqubo yokucoca. Ingumzekelo wendlela ukucocwa kwamanzi kunokuba ngumthombo wamandla ashushu asetyenziswa luluntu.
• En los EUnited States, ngakumbi e-Oregon, isityalo se-Tri-City sokubuyisela ubutyebi bamanzi siphumeze inkqubo apho i-methane eveliswa ngokuchithwa kwezinto eziphilayo kumanzi amdaka isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla ombane kunye ne-thermal.
• En Slovakia, iiprojekthi zikwaphuhlisiwe ukuze kusetyenziswe amanzi amdaka ekuveliseni i-biogas.

Ukuveliswa kweHydrojeni kumanzi amdaka

Enye indlela entsha eye yaba ngumxholo wophando kukuveliswa kwe ihydrogen eluhlaza kumanzi amdaka. Le hydrogen iveliswa kwiiseli ze-microbial electrolysis, itekhnoloji evumela ukufumana i-hydrogen ephezulu yococeko kusetyenziswa iibhaktheriya ezikhethekileyo ezibolisa into ephilayo ekhoyo emanzini. Iinkampani ezinjenge-Ingeobras ziphuhlisa itekhnoloji ebonelela ngesi sisombululo sisebenzayo nesizinzileyo.

I-hydrogen eluhlaza inamandla abalulekileyo njengamafutha acocekileyo, kwaye ukuveliswa kwayo kumanzi amdaka kunika indlela eyongayo kunye nezinzileyo xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli zokuvelisa i-hydrogen, njengokuguqulwa kwezinto ze-fossil okanye i-electrolysis eqhelekileyo. Njengoko obu buchwephesha buhambela phambili, bunokuba sisisombululo esiphambili sokwenza ikhabhoni kushishino lwezothutho kunye namandla.

Ukuveliswa kombane ngee-microorganisms

Enye yezona ndlela zintsha zokusebenzisa amanzi amdaka kukusetyenziswa kwe iiseli ze-microbial fuel. Le ndlela isebenzisa iibhaktheriya ezenza i-organic matter emanzini amdaka, ikhuphe ii-electrons kwinkqubo. Ezi electron zinokubanjwa ukuvelisa umbane ngokuthe ngqo. IMicrobial fuel cell sele isetyenziswa kwezinye iiprojekthi zolingo kwaye zinamandla okuvelisa umbane ngokuqhubekayo nangokuzinzileyo. Ukongeza, le nkqubo inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwizityalo zonyango ngokunciphisa imfuno ye-aeration ebiza kakhulu kunye neenkqubo zokumpompa.

Amabali empumelelo kwizixeko zehlabathi jikelele

Iiprojekthi ezininzi eziyimpumelelo ziye zaphuhliswa kwizixeko zehlabathi jikelele. Umzekelo:

• En IStrasbourg, kulindeleke ukuba ivelise i-1,6 yesigidi se-cubic metres ye-biomethane yonke imihla ukusuka kumanzi amdaka, anele ukunika amandla kumakhaya angama-5.000.
• En EHelsinki, eFinland, iKatri Vala Park yokufudumeza kunye nesityalo sokupholisa sisebenzisa amanzi amdaka njengomthombo wamandla obushushu.
• En Madrid, i-Waste Water Treatment Plant (i-South WWTP) ifakele iiiturbines ukuze isebenzise amandla e-kinetic wamanzi kwindawo yawo yokuvelisa kwaye ivelise umbane wokusetyenziselwa umzi-mveliso.

Ukubaluleka kokuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa le teknoloji

Nangona sele kukho iiprojekthi ezininzi eziqhubekayo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokutyala imali kuphando kunye nophuhliso ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zobu buchwepheshe. Amanzi amdaka ayingomthombo wongcoliseko kuphela, kodwa amele ithuba lokuvelisa amandla aluhlaza, ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint kwaye uhambe kwimodeli yamandla ezinzileyo ngakumbi. Ukuphunyezwa kwesikali esikhulu sobuchwephesha kunokunceda izixeko ukuba zikwazi ukukwazi ukuzimela ngamandla kwaye zivelise iimpembelelo ezilungileyo kumlo ochasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi amdaka kuphuculwe, sinokujongana nesisombululo esiphambili sokutshintsha kwamandla ehlabathi.