La amandla olwandle ivela kwi amandla amandla, kinetics, thermal kunye chemistry amanzi olwandle, enokusetyenziswa ukuvelisa umbane, amandla e-thermal okanye nokuba amanzi okusela. Ngenxa yobuninzi bamanzi emhlabeni, lo mthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo unika amandla amakhulu okunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwethu kumafutha efosili.
Amandla olwandle kunye nemisinga yolwandle
Ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa amandla olwandle bahluke kakhulu. Kukho izakhiwo ezikhethekileyo, ezifana izityalo zamandla olwandle, ezithatha ithuba lamandla okuhamba kwamaza. Ezi zityalo zisebenza kumadama amakhulu kunye nee turbines ezibamba amanzi ngexesha lokuhamba kwamaza amakhulu kwaye ziwakhulule ngexesha lokuhamba kwamanzi aphantsi, ezenza umbane kuzo zombini izigaba.
Ukongeza kumaza, i imisinga yolwandle Zimela enye indlela ebalulekileyo yokubamba amandla olwandle. Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokusebenzisa amandla emisinga yolwandle ibandakanya iiiturbines eziphantsi kwamanzi eziguqula amandla ekinetic amanzi abe ngumbane.
Amandla obushushu kwiilwandlekazi
Enye iteknoloji entsha amandla obushushu olwandle (yaziwa njenge ubushushu bolwandle). Isekelwe kumahluko wamaqondo obushushu phakathi kwamanzi angaphezulu, atshiswa lilanga, kunye namanzi anzulu abandayo. Izityalo ze-Tidal thermal zisebenzisa lo mahluko wobushushu ukuvelisa umbane ngokuqhubekayo ngemijikelo ye-thermodynamic.
Amandla amaza: umthombo othembisayo
La amandla amaza (kwaziwa njenge amandla amaza) ngamandla enziwa yintshukumo yamaza kumphezulu wolwandle. La mandla aveliswa ngenxa yomoya ovuthuza phezu kwamanzi, udala amaza aqulethe amandla ekinetic. La mandla anokuthinjwa ngezixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezidadayo, iintsika zamanzi ezijikelezayo okanye amaqonga abambelele ezantsi olwandle aguqula intshukumo yamaza abe ngumbane.
Okwangoku, kukho iiprojekthi ezininzi zovavanyo zamandla amaza, ezifana nesixhobo sombane seMotrico kwiLizwe laseBasque, esebenzisa iiiturbines ukuvelisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-296 kW. Omnye wemiceli mngeni emikhulu yobu buchwepheshe kukusebenzisa amandla amaza ngokufanelekileyo nangona ingaqhelekanga kwaye ixhomekeke kwimozulu.
Amandla etyuwa: amandla aluhlaza
La amandla odidi lwetyuwa, kwaziwa njenge amandla aluhlaza, isekelwe ekuthabatheni ithuba lokwahluka kwityuwa phakathi kwamanzi olwandle namanzi omlambo ahlaziyekileyo. Lo mahluko ubangela uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic olunokuguqulwa lube ngamandla ombane ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-osmosis ezibuyela umva. Nangona obu bugcisa busephantsi kophuhliso, bunamandla amakhulu kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni apho kufumaneka khona imilambo emikhulu.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nemingeni yamandla olwandle
Amandla olwandle aneenzuzo ezininzi eziphambili. Okokuqala, Iyahlaziyeka kwaye njengobutyebi bendalo obuphantse bungapheli, ukhetho oluzinzileyo lwexesha elizayo. Ngokungafaniyo neminye imithombo ehlaziyiweyo efana nelanga okanye umoya, amandla olwandle anokuxelwa kwangaphambili kwaye angaguquguquki, okwenza ukuba kuthembeke ngakumbi ukuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kombane okuqhubekayo.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo kukuba iimpembelelo eziphantsi kwendalo. Njengoko uninzi lwetekhnoloji lufakwe ngaphantsi kwamanzi, impembelelo ebonakalayo kunye nesandi iyancitshiswa, ngaphezu kokungavelisi ukukhutshwa kwegesi engcolisayo.
- Ukuhambelana nezinye izinto ezihlaziyiweyo: Amandla olwandle anokudityaniswa nobunye ubugcisa obunjengomoya we-offshore kunye nelanga elidadayo, zenza iinkqubo ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu zemixube.
- Ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo: Ayivelisi iigesi zegreenhouse kwaye iphantse ingabinayo impembelelo yokubona, kuba uninzi lweziseko ezingundoqo ziphantsi kwamanzi.
Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwayo luzisa imingeni ethile. Phakathi kwezi kugqame i ixabiso lokuqala eliphezulu yamaziko, imingeni yobugcisa evela kubume bemeko yaselwandle, kunye nesidingo sotyalo-mali olukhulu kuphando nophuhliso ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kwazo. Ngokomzekelo, ukubola kwamanzi anetyuwa kunye neemeko ezinzima zolwandle zingonakalisa ukufakwa, ukwandisa iindleko zokulondoloza.
Iiprojekthi zamandla olwandle ezifakiweyo
IYurophu ikhokela kuphuhliso lwamandla aselwandle, ngakumbi kwindawo yamaza kunye namandla olwandle. Esona sikhululo sidala nesona saziwa kakhulu yiLa Rance eFrance, ebisebenza ukusukela ngo-1966 kwaye isaqhubeka nokuba luphawu lokuvelisa umbane ohamba ngamaza. Iiprojekthi zikwagqama e-United Kingdom, apho kwakhiwa iipaki ezinkulu zamandla ezifana ne-MeyGen, eyona ndawo inkulu yamandla ombane emhlabeni.
Ngaphandle kweYurophu, uMzantsi Korea kunye neKhanada ngamazwe akhethe uphuhliso lwamandla olwandle ngeeprojekthi zobuvulindlela. Kwimeko yaseChile, unxweme lwayo olubanzi luyibeka njengelizwe eliphambili kuphando lwala mandla, ngelixa eMexico iprojekthi yokuqala yamandla amaza ivunyiwe eColima.
Ehlabathini lonke, kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2050 amandla olwandle anokubonelela ukuya kuthi ga 10% wokusetyenziswa kombane waseYurophu, ongayi kunceda kuphela ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kodwa nokudala amawaka emisebenzi kushishino lwaselwandle namandla.
Ikamva lamandla olwandle
Amandla anokubakho elwandle mkhulu kwaye uphuhliso lwawo lubalulekile ukunceda ukuncedisana neminye imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo efana nelanga nomoya. Njengoko imiceli mngeni yobugcisa isoyiswa kwaye neendleko zokufakela zisehla, amandla aselwandle anokuba ngomnye wemithombo ephambili yokufezekisa i-matrix yamandla ecocekileyo nezinzileyo. Amaziko kunye noorhulumente kwihlabathi lonke babheja kule teknoloji, kwaye ukuhlanganiswa kwayo kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo ekufezekiseni iinjongo zozinzo lwexesha elide.
Ugcino lwamandla kunye nothutho nazo ziyaphuhla ukuze zilungele iimfuno zecandelo, kunye neziseko ezitsha eziza kwenza kube lula uqhagamshelwano phakathi kweeprojekthi zaselwandle kunye nothungelwano lombane elunxwemeni. Oku kubonisa ithuba elihle kumazwe anonxweme olude kunye nobutyebi baselwandle obuninzi.
Amandla olwandle njengomthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo anombulelo omkhulu kubukhulu bolwandle obugubungela ngaphezulu kwe-70% yomphezulu woMhlaba. Nangona itekhnoloji zisaphuhla, umdla okhulayo kunye neeprojekthi eziqhubekayo zibonisa ukuba kumashumi eminyaka ezayo iya kuba yeyona ndlela iphambili kutshintsho lwamandla ehlabathi.