Kwimo engqongileyo yangoku, ukuveliswa kwamandla kuye kwaba yimfuno ephambili ngenxa yokukhula kwemfuno yehlabathi. Ngethamsanqa, kukho imithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandla, uninzi lwayo luvuselelwayo, oko kukuthi, alupheli izixhobo zendalo kwaye lunikezela ngenye indlela ecocekileyo kumafutha efosili. Phakathi kwabo kugqame amandla olwandle ashukumisayo, indlela yokusebenzisa ithuba lokushukuma kwamaza ukuvelisa umbane.
Eli nqaku liphonononga ngokweenkcukacha iimpawu, ukusebenza kunye nokufaneleka kobu buchwepheshe buvelayo obunokutshintsha indlela esivelisa ngayo amandla. Siza kuphinda sivavanye izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo ngayo, kunye nokusebenza kwayo ngokupheleleyo.
Iparadigm yamandla
Okwangoku, i petroleum Iyaqhubeka ingowona mthombo wamandla ehlabathi, esetyenziselwa zombini ukwenza amafutha kunye nokuvelisa iimveliso ezifunyenweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhaphazwa kwayo kunengxaki enkulu: i-oyile iyinto engahlaziyekiyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa sele iphelile, akusayi kukwazi ukuyihlaziya kwakhona kangangezigidi zeminyaka. Ngaphaya koko, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngamandla kuvelisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse, enoxanduva lokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ke ngoko, i amandla ahlaziyekayo Batsala ingqalelo yezazinzulu, iinkampani kunye noorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela. La mandla afunyanwa kwimithombo ethi, ngokungafaniyo ne-fuel fuels, ayipheli ngokusetyenziswa kwayo. Phakathi kwabo kugqame Amandla olwandle, esebenzisa ithuba lokushukuma kwamaza ukuvelisa umbane. Ngale ndlela, umthombo wamandla ococekileyo nozinzileyo unikezelwa.
Ukusebenza kwamandla olwandle
Uphawu oluphambili lwe Amandla olwandle Kukuxhomekeka kwayo ekuhambeni kwamanzi. Ngokungafaniyo neminye imithombo yamandla efana nelanga okanye umoya, amandla olwandle abonelela ngokuqikelelwa okukhethekileyo: imijikelo yamaza ingabalwa ngokuchaneka okukhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba, kwixesha elide, amandla ombane anokubonelela ngokuhamba kombane okuzinzileyo nokunokuxelwa kwangaphambili.
Kukho amandla amabini aphambili abangela amaza: umtsalane womxhuzulane we Sol kunye luna emhlabeni. Ngokukodwa, iNyanga idlala indima ebalulekileyo, kuba ukusondela kwayo eMhlabeni kuvelisa amandla amakhulu okutsala amanzi kwimimandla yonxweme. Ukwahluka kobunzulu balo mtsalane kubangela amaza aphezulu naphantsi, ashukumise amanzi amaninzi anokusetyenziswa ukwenza amandla.
Ukuthatha ithuba lentshukumo, izibonelelo zamandla olwandle zibekwe phakathi imilambo enzulu, imilomo okanye amachweba. Kwezi ndawo, umahluko kwinqanaba lamanzi ngexesha lokuhamba kwamaza aphezulu kunye naphantsi unokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane ngee turbines zehydraulic.
Amandla omsinga wamaza
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokusebenzisa amandla olwandle:
- Ijenereyitha yangoku: Le nkqubo isebenzisa amandla ekinetic wamanzi ashukumayo ukujikeleza iiinjini zomoya, ezifanayo kakhulu nendlela iiinjini zomoya ezisebenza ngayo kumandla omoya. Le ndlela ayingeneleli kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi kuneendlela zemveli.
- Idama lamanzi: Amadama olwandle asebenzisa amandla anokubakho agcinwe kumahluko wobude phakathi kwamaza aphezulu naphantsi. Le nkqubo, nangona isebenzayo, ifuna iziseko zophuhliso ezinkulu kwaye inefuthe eliphezulu leekholoji.
- Iintshukumo zamaza okanye amandla amaza aguqukayo: Oku kungaphezulu kwetekhnoloji yethiyori kunento ephathekayo, kodwa inamandla amakhulu. Iquka ukwakhiwa kwamadama amakhulu, ubude beekhilomitha ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-50, ukusuka elunxwemeni ukuya elwandle. La madama angenza umahluko kwinqanaba lamanzi, nto leyo ebangela imisinga ebeya kusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa iiinjini zomoya.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo kumandla olwandle ashukumayo
Njengawo nawuphi na umthombo wamandla, amandla olwandle aguqukayo aneenzuzo kunye nezingeloncedo:
Inzuzo:
- Yiyo Umthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo: Amaza awasoze aphele, ngoko lo ngumthombo wamandla ongatshiyo.
- Ine a iimpembelelo eziphantsi kwendalo ngokwezinto ezikhutshwayo: ngokungafaniyo namandla enyukliya okanye iihydrocarbons, ayivelisi izinto eziyityhefu okanye iigesi ezingcolisayo.
- La Umbane owenziweyo uqikeleleka: Ngokwazi imijikelo yamaza, kunokwenzeka ukuqikelela ukuba la mandla aya kufumaneka nini kanye kanye.
Iingxaki:
- Su ukusebenza kakuhle kuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo efana nelanga okanye umoya.
- Amaziko ane a iindleko zokwakha eziphezulu kunye nokugcinwa, okunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo kwimimandla emininzi.
- ingaba ne impembelelo ebalulekileyo kwi-ikhosistim yolwandle, ezichaphazela izilwanyana nezityalo zasekuhlaleni.
Izifundo zeMyezo ze-Tidal Energy
Ehlabathini lonke, sele kukho iiprojekthi ezininzi ezithatha ithuba lamandla olwandle. Nangona obu bugcisa busekwindawo yokuqala, bungqineke buyindlela efanelekileyo kwiindawo ezineemeko ezifanelekileyo. Ezinye zeeprojekthi eziphawulekayo ziquka:
- La Rance Central (eFransi): yasungulwa ngo-1966, yenye yezona zindala kunye neyona ndawo inkulu efakwe emhlabeni, ivelisa i-240 MW.
- Sihwa Lake Central (eMzantsi Korea): Esona sikhululo samandla ombane esikhulu kwihlabathi, esinomthamo wama-254 MW, savulwa ngo-2011.
- Iprojekthi ye-Swansea Tidal Lagoon (eUnited Kingdom): Injongo yayo kukuvelisa ngaphezu kwe-320 MW, kodwa isekho kwinqanaba lokucwangcisa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezi zityalo kwiindawo ezinjalo kubonise ukuba, ngokutyalomali olufanelekileyo, amandla olwandle anokuba yinto ethembekileyo kwezinye iindlela zamandla avuselelekayo.
Ngolu lwazi, kucacile ukuba amandla aguquguqukayo amaza, nangona esekwinqanaba lethiyori kwiimeko ezininzi, anamandla amakhulu okuba ngumthombo wamandla ofanelekileyo kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.