Ihlabathi lamandla ahlaziyekayo lifumene ukuduma okukhulayo kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe, ngenxa yokukhula kwalo ukhuphiswano kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Kukho iindidi ezininzi zamandla avuselelekayo, phakathi kwazo ezona ziphawuleka kakhulu amandla elanga nawomoya. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amandla angaphantsi awaziwayo, anje amandla ombane kunye ne-biomass, ekwabonelela ngeenzuzo ezinkulu.
Kweli nqaku siza kungena kwi-geothermal energy: siya kuchaza ukuba yintoni, isebenza njani, iingenelo zayo, izinto ezingeloncedo kunye nosetyenziso oluphambili enalo ngoku.
Yintoni amandla e-geothermal?
La amandla ombane Luhlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo afunyanwa ngokuthatha ithuba lobushushu obuphuma kumbindi woMhlaba. La mandla aveliswa yi ubushushu bendalo bemigangatho yangaphakathi woMhlaba, owenza indlela yawo yokuphuma kwisiqhelo sesiqhelo samanye amandla ahlaziyekayo. Ngelixa amanye amandla ahlaziyekayo esebenzisa izixhobo zangaphandle ezifana namanzi, umoya okanye ukukhanya kwelanga, amandla e-geothermal asebenzisa ubushushu bendalo bomhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba, ukuthatha ithuba le-thermal gradient Iqondo lobushushu liyenyuka njengoko usihla kuqweqwe loMhlaba.
Ubushushu be-geothermal buvela ekuboleni kwendalo kwezinto ezine-radioactive ngaphakathi kwiplanethi kunye nobushushu obushiyekileyo obuqokeleleka ekubunjweni koMhlaba. Ngeemitha ezili-100 zonke esihla ngazo ngaphantsi komhlaba, iqondo lobushushu elingaphantsi komhlaba liyenyuka 2°C kunye ne-4°C. Kwiindawo ezithile zeplanethi, le gradient ye-thermal inkulu kakhulu ngenxa yokusondela kwengubo yoMhlaba, evumela ukuba obu bushushu busetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo.
Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuxhaphaza la mandla kukusebenzisa ukugrumba kakuhle ukufikelela kwimithombo yobushushu obuphezulu. Okulandelayo, siza kubona iintlobo eziphambili zeediphozithi ze-geothermal.
Amachibi e-Geothermal
Kukho iindawo ezithile zeplanethi apho i-thermal gradient iphezulu, evumela ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamandla e-geothermal. Ezi ndawo zaziwa ngokuba iidiphozithi ze-geothermal kwaye zahlulwe zaba ziindidi ezininzi ngokweempawu zazo kunye nendlela amandla abo obushushu akhutshwa ngayo:
Amachibi amanzi ashushu
Ezi diphozithi ziqulathe i-aquifers eziphantsi komhlaba yamanzi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezingaphantsi: ezi ziqulathe, ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo ze-spa, kunye nezingaphantsi komhlaba, ezinoovimba omkhulu wamanzi ashushu. Iinkqubo zokuxhaphaza zisekelwe kumjikelo ovaliweyo wokutsalwa kwamanzi kunye nokutofa, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ezi diphozithi zinento yokwenza. ixesha elingenasiphelo.
Amasimi omileyo
Kwimithombo eyomileyo, ubushushu bugcinwa kumatye ashushu kodwa omileyo. Ukukhupha amandla ayo, kuyimfuneko ukugaya kunye tofa amanzi ethi, xa ishushu, itsalwe ukwenza amandla. Le teknoloji isekuphuhliso kwaye imele umngeni wezoqoqosho, ekubeni inqanaba eliphezulu lotyalo-mali liyimfuneko.
Idiphozithi yeGeyser
Los igiza Ziyimithombo yendalo yamanzi ashushu kunye nomphunga ovela eMhlabeni ngendlela yeekholomu. Zinqabile kakhulu kwaye ukuxhaphazwa kwazo kufuna ukulawulwa ngononophelo, kuba ukujongwa kwakhona kwamanzi kunokupholisa iimagmas kwaye kubangele iinyikima ezincinci.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-geothermal kuyahluka kwaye kuyasebenza kuwo omabini amanqanaba emizi-mveliso nasekhaya. Phakathi kosetyenziso oluphambili sifumana:
- Ukuveliswa kombane kusetyenziswa ii-injini zomphunga we-geothermal.
- Inkqubo ye ukufudumeza kunye nokupholisa kumakhaya, ii-ofisi kunye nezinye izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke okanye zorhwebo.
- Izicelo kwi Spa, ukusebenzisa amanzi ashushu endalo kusetyenziso lokuzonwabisa.
- Ukufudumeza ii-greenhouses kunye neendawo zezolimo kwiindawo ezibandayo.
Izinto eziluncedo zamandla ombane
Amandla e-Geothermal aneenzuzo ezininzi zokusingqongileyo kunye noqoqosho:
- Yiyo Amandla ahlaziyekayo nacocekileyo, ekubeni ingavelisi ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse.
- Los iindleko zemveliso Zingaphantsi kunezo zeminye imithombo yamandla efana namalahle okanye inyukliya.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuluncedo ukuzimela kwamandla, ngokunciphisa imfuneko yokungenisa amafutha efosili.
- Iiprojekthi ze-Geothermal zivumela uphuhliso lwamandla asekuhlaleni, ukuvuselela uqoqosho lwengingqi.
Ukungancedi kwamandla ombane
Ayiyiyo yonke into elungileyo malunga namandla e-geothermal, njengoko ikwanazo ezinye iingxaki:
- El ixabiso lokuqala lotyalo-mali eliphezulu kwi-drilling kunye nezityalo ze-geothermal ingaba ngumqobo wokungena.
- Kukho imingcipheko ye ukuvuza kwerhasi eyingozi kunye neenyikima ezincinci ngenxa yokutofa kwamanzi.
- Su umda wejografi Oku kuthetha ukuba ayizizo zonke iingingqi ezinokusebenzisa la mandla ngokufanelekileyo.
- Kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-geothermal kunokuba ne- impembelelo yomhlaba Ininzi.
Ngaphandle kokungalungi kwawo, amandla e-geothermal enza isisombululo esithembisayo phakathi kweseti yamandla avuselelekayo, kunye ukuguquguquka kunye nokukwazi ukusebenzisa kwiimeko ezininzi. Uphuhliso lwayo lunokunceda ekuguquleni imithombo yamandla ehlabathi, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha aphantsi komhlaba kunye nokuba negalelo kumlo ochasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu.