Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lwamandla oluveliswa kuninzi lwehlabathi ngokutshiswa kwamafutha efosili kwizityalo ezikhethekileyo. Olu hlobo lwamandla, olubizwa ngokuba amandla ombane, inoxanduva malunga ne-80% yombane osetyenziswayo kwihlabathi jikelele. Phakathi kwawona mafutha efosili asetyenziswa kakhulu sifumana amalahle, ioyile, igesi yendalo kwaye, ukusa kwinqanaba elingaphantsi, i-biomass.
Kulo lonke eli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa iimpawu zamandla ombane we-thermoelectric, iintlobo zayo, iingenelo ezinikezelayo kunye neengxaki ezizibonisayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
La amandla ombane Ngamandla ashushu aguqulwa abe ngamandla ombane ngokusetyenziswa kobushushu. Indlela eqhelekileyo ibandakanya ukunyusa ubushushu bamanzi de iguqulwe ibe ngumphunga, osetyenziselwa ukuqhuba i-injini yomoya. Olu tshintsho lwamandla obushushu abe ngamandla e-kinetic lufaka ukusebenza kwejenereyitha evelisa umbane.
Owona mthombo wobushushu ngamafutha efosili, nangona kukwasetyenziswa eminye imithombo esiza kuyichaza kamva. Amanzi lolona lwelo luxhaphakileyo, kodwa kwezinye iimeko olunye ulwelo lusetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa. Umphunga owenziweyo uhambisa iiiturbines kwaye, ngejenereyitha, umbane oyimfuneko uveliswa.
Le nkqubo yokuvelisa amandla ibisisiseko ngokwembali, kwaye isaqhubeka isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi jikelele ngenxa yokukwazi ukuvelisa izixa ezikhulu zombane ngokuqhubekayo.
Iindidi zamandla ombane
I-Thermoelectric energy ihlelwa ngokomthombo wamafutha osetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ubushushu obuyimfuneko. Ngezantsi sichaza iindidi eziphambili:
Amandla e-Thermoelectric avela kwii-fuels
Olu hlobo lwamandla lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye lubandakanya amafutha efosili (amalahle, igesi yendalo okanye i-oyile) ukuvelisa ubushushu obuguqula amanzi abe ngumphunga. Olu didi lubonisa inxalenye enkulu yemveliso yombane kwihlabathi jikelele, kodwa ineziphumo ezibi kakhulu zokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokukhutshwa kweegesi ezingcolisayo.
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle kwehlile kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo, isengomnye wemithombo ephambili yokuveliswa kombane. Irhasi yendalo nayo iye yazuza umhlaba kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yokuba ukukhutshwa kwayo kuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa namalahle.
Amandla ombane wemvelaphi yenyukliya
Kolu hlobo lwezityalo, ubushushu abuveli ekutshisweni kwamafutha efosili, kodwa buvela kwi-fission of athom, ngokubanzi iuranium okanye iplutonium. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhekeka kwenyukliya, ubushushu obukhulu buyenziwa obufudumeza amanzi kwaye buvelise umphunga. Umphunga, njengakwimizi-mveliso yamandla eqhelekileyo, uqhuba iiiturbines ukuvelisa umbane.
Nangona ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni evela kwimizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya kunoziro, kukho iinkxalabo malunga nenkunkuma eqhumayo kunye nomngcipheko oyanyaniswa neengozi zenyukliya ezinokwenzeka.
Amandla ombane ombane wemvelaphi evuselelekayo
Amandla ombane we-thermoelectric ahlaziyekayo aquka ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa imithombo yendalo ukuvelisa ubushushu obuyimfuneko, obufana ne-geothermal kunye ne-solar thermal energy.
- Ubushushu bomhlaba: La mandla avela kubushushu bendalo obungaphantsi komhlaba kwaye asetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomsebenzi onamandla we-geothermal. Umphunga wamanzi owenziweyo unokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ukuqhuba iiinjini zomoya.
- Ubushushu belanga: Isekwe kugxininiso lwemitha yelanga ukuvelisa ubushushu obaneleyo ukuguqula amanzi abe ngumphunga kwaye emva koko uhambise iiinjini zomoya.
Nangona le mithombo ihlaziyekayo ineempembelelo eziphantsi kakhulu zokusingqongileyo, ukuthatha kwabo inxaxheba kwimveliso yombane yehlabathi kusenomda ngenxa yendawo ethile efunekayo ukuze bayisebenzise.
Izinto eziluncedo zamandla ombane we-thermoelectric
Izityalo ze-Thermoelectric zineenzuzo ezininzi eziye zazibeka njengomnye wemithombo yamandla kwihlabathi jikelele:
- Iindleko zokwakha: Ziyakhawuleza kwaye zitshiphu ukwakha xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo zombane wamanzi okanye ezinye iintlobo zezityalo. Oku kuvumela amazwe ukuba ahlangabezane neemfuno zawo zamandla ngokukhawuleza.
- Indawo: Zinokufakwa kufutshane neendawo zokusetyenziswa, nto leyo inciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokuhanjiswa kwamandla.
- Enye indawo kumazwe angenazo izixhobo ezivuselelwayo: Amazwe anqongopheleyo kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo anokusebenzisa amafutha efosili njengenye indlela yokugcina uzinzo lwawo lwamandla.
Ukongeza, amandla ombane we-thermoelectric ayakwazi ukuvelisa umbane rhoqo, nto leyo emele inzuzo ngaphezu kwamandla ahlaziyekayo akhoyo anje ngelanga okanye umoya.
Ukungalungi kwamandla we-thermoelectric
Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lwamandla lukwanazo izinto ezingeloncedo kakhulu:
- Ungcoliseko: Ukutshiswa kwamafutha efosili kukhupha isixa esikhulu sekharbon diokside kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya kwiatmosfera, zibe negalelo ngokuthe ngqo kubushushu behlabathi kunye neengxaki zempilo.
- Ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili: Amafutha efosili zizixhobo ezingenakuhlaziyeka eziya kuthi ekugqibeleni zipheliswe, kwaye ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso kunokukhokelela ekwenyukeni kweendleko zombane.
- Impembelelo kwimpilo: Ukungcola komoya okubangelwa ukukhutshwa kwezityalo ze-thermoelectric kuye kwadibaniswa nezifo zokuphefumula kunye nentliziyo kwiindawo ezikufutshane nezityalo.
Ngaphaya koko, kufunyaniswe ukuba ukukhutshwa kwamanzi ashushu kwi-ikhosistim yomlambo kunokuchaphazela izilwanyana kunye neentyatyambo zeendawo ezikufutshane nemizi-mveliso yombane.
Nje ukuba iimpawu, iingenelo kunye nobubi bamandla ombane we-thermoelectric zihlalutyiwe, kuyacaca ukuba iyaqhubeka ingumthombo wamandla obalulekileyo kwihlabathi, kodwa kufuneka iguqukele kwezinye iindlela ezicocekileyo nezizinzileyo kwixesha elide.