Amandla oMbane weSolar Thermoelectric: Iimpawu, usetyenziso kunye nokuqhubela phambili

  • I-Solar thermoelectric energy isebenzisa izipili ukujolisa imitha yelanga kunye nokuvelisa umbane kusetyenziswa umphunga.
  • ISpain yinkokeli yehlabathi kwizityalo ezishushu zelanga, ithatha ithuba leemeko zayo zemozulu ezizodwa.
  • Izicelo ziqala ukufudumeza indawo yokuhlala ukuya ekuveliseni umbane wamashishini.

amandla elanga ombane

La amandla elanga ombane I-Solar thermal bubuchwepheshe obuthembisayo obusebenzisa ubushushu obuvela elangeni ukuvelisa umbane. Le nkqubo yenzeka kwizityalo ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba izityalo amandla elanga thermal, eziye zavela ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-80 Inzuzo ephambili yale teknoloji kukuba icocekile, ininzi kwaye, ngokubaluleke kakhulu, umthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo.

Inyaniso enika umdla yeyokuba, rhoqo ngeentsuku ezilishumi, uMhlaba ufumana elangeni umlinganiselo ofanayo wamandla akhoyo kubo bonke oovimba abaziwayo be-oyile, irhasi namalahle zidityanisiwe. Lo mandla mkhulu wenza isitshixo samandla ombane welanga kwikamva lamandla azinzileyo. Okwangoku, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo zamandla obushushu belanga zihlala kunye, nganye ineempawu ezithile. ISpain ikwindawo enenzuzo kunye nezityalo ezininzi ezisebenzayo kunye necandelo lezoshishino elidityanisiweyo, lithatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwiiprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe.

Okulandelayo, siza kunika iinkcukacha ngeempawu, usetyenziso kunye nokubaluleka kwamandla ombane welanga kumxholo wamandla ehlabathi.

Yintoni amandla ombane obushushu belanga?

iiphaneli zelanga ezixutyiweyo

Omnye umzi-mveliso wamandla obushushu belanga Isebenza ngokufanayo kwiplanti yamandla obushushu aqhelekileyo, kodwa isebenzisa amandla elanga endaweni yamalahle okanye igesi yendalo. Umgaqo osisiseko emva kwezi zityalo ulula: imitha yelanga igxininiswe ngoluhlu lwezibuko ukuya kumamkeli ophakathi. Kweli nqanaba kulapho amaqondo obushushu ukuya phezulu 1.000 ºC.

Obu bushushu bugqithiselwa kulwelo (ngokuqhelekileyo iityuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo okanye ioyile eshushu), ethi xa ishushu ivelise umphunga. Lo mphunga uhambisa iiiturbines eziqhagamshelwe kwiijenereyitha ezivelisa umbane. Omnye wemida yokuqala ephambili yezityalo ezishushu zelanga yayikukuba zazisebenza kuphela ngeeyure zokukhanya kwelanga. Nangona kunjalo, ngenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, izityalo ezininzi ngoku zineenkqubo zokugcina ukushisa, ezivumela ukuba zivelise umbane nasebusuku.

Iintlobo zezityalo ezishushu zelanga

izityalo zamandla elanga ze-thermoelectric

Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze izityalo zamandla elanga ze-thermoelectric. Nangona zonke zixhomekeke ekugxininiseni kwamandla elanga ukuvelisa umbane, ziyahluka kwindlela eziqwalasela ngayo ukukhanya kwelanga. Makhe sibone nganye nganye ngokweenkcukacha:

Isityalo se-solar thermal tower

Olu hlobo lwesityalo lusebenzisa iiheliostats, ezizipili ezifakwe kwizakhiwo ezihambayo ezikwazi ukulandela ukuhamba kwelanga. Ezi zipili zijolisa imitha yelanga kwisixhobo sokwamkela izinto esiphezu kwenqaba esembindini. Amandla elanga agxininiswe ngelo xesha ayakwazi ukufikelela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunoko 600 ºC. Ngexesha eliphakathi, le teknoloji ibonakalise ukuba isebenza kakuhle kwaye inokwethenjelwa, nangona enye yeengxaki zayo ezinkulu iqhubeka nokunciphisa iindleko zokwakha. ESpain, isityalo seGemasolar, esiseSeville, singuvulindlela ekuhlanganiseni ukugcinwa kwe-thermal ixesha elide, elivumela ukuba umbane uvelise iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku.

Parabolic dish okanye Stirling dish solar thermal power plant

Kolu hlobo lwesityalo, i izibuko zeparabolic Emilise okwesitya zijolisa imitha yelanga kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo i-injini ye-Stirling, eyenza umbane ngokufanelekileyo kakhulu. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu afikelele kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo kwidisk eqhuba injini, evelisa umbane ngokujikeleza i-injini yomoya. Le teknoloji iphunyezwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezifana neNtlango yaseMojave eUnited States.

Umkhombe weParabolic weplanti yobushushu belanga

Las parabolic umkhombe wamandla izityalo Zizona zixhaphake kakhulu kwinqanaba lezorhwebo ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokuphunyezwa. Izibuko ezinde ezigobileyo ezikwimilo yesilinda yeparabolic zibamba ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye zigxile kwityhubhu ebekwe ecaleni kwe-axis yayo. Le ityhubhu iqulethe ulwelo lokudlulisa olufudunyezwayo kwaye, ngenkqubo yokutshintshiselana ngobushushu, ivelisa umphunga wokuqhuba i-injini yomoya. Amazwe amaninzi, kuquka iSpeyin, sele enezityalo ezisebenza ngolu hlobo.

Ukuphuhliswa kwamandla e-thermoelectric elanga

iipaneli zelanga zekhaya

Iziseko zokuqala zamandla obushushu belanga zaphuhliswa ngu-Augustin Mouchot ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-1980, kodwa bekungekho kwada kwayi-XNUMX ukuba izicelo ezisebenzayo zorhwebo zaqala ukubonakaliswa. Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ukusukela ngoko ibibalulekile, isoyisa imiqobo emininzi engundoqo:

  • Iindleko zokuqala eziphezulu: Nangona izixhobo kunye neendleko zokwakha bezithintelwa ekuqaleni, ukuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu iindleko.
  • Ukugcinwa kwamandla: Owona mceli mngeni wawukungakwazi ukuvelisa umbane ebusuku ngenxa yokunqongophala kwendawo yokugcina i-thermal. Nangona kunjalo, izityalo ezifana neGemasolar zibonise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukugcina ukushisa kwiityuwa ezityhidiweyo kunye nokuvelisa umbane kwiiyure ze-24.
  • Imozulu: Imimandla enemitha yelanga ephezulu iyafuneka unyaka wonke, ethintele ukufakwa kwayo kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo. Iiprojekthi ezifana neDesertec zifunde ukuba kunokwenzeka ukufaka izityalo ezinkulu kwimimandla eyintlango njengeSahara, kusetyenziswa iintambo zothutho ukuthumela umbane eYurophu.

Amandla elanga eThermoelectric eSpain

ISpain lilizwe elihamba phambili kwihlabathi jikelele malunga nokufakelwa kwezityalo ze-solar thermoelectric. Iimeko zejografi kunye nemozulu yaseSpain, enemimandla emikhulu yasentlango kunye neeyure ezininzi zokukhanya kwelanga, ziyibeka njengendawo efanelekileyo yokuphuhliswa kobu buchwepheshe. Izityalo zokuqala zokulinga zakhiwe kwintlango yaseTabernas, e-Almería, kwi-80, kunye ne-SSPS / CRS kunye ne-CESA 1. Kwi-2007, iSpeyin yayinguvulindlela wezorhwebo kunye ne-PS10 tower plant e-Sanlúcar la Mayor, eSeville.

Ngo-2011, iiplanti zobushushu belanga ezingama-21 bezisele zisebenza ngomthamo opheleleyo wama-852 MW. Ngokutsho kombutho weProtermosolar, eli nani kulindeleke ukuba liqhubeke likhula kwiminyaka ezayo. Ngokudibeneyo, ezi zityalo ziya kwenza iSpeyin ibe ngumvelisi omkhulu wamandla ombane we-thermoelectric emhlabeni, okwenza kube yireferensi kumandla avuselelekayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga e-thermoelectric

izicelo thermoelectric amandla elanga

I-Solar thermoelectric energy inezicelo ezininzi kwiindawo zasekhaya kunye nezoshishino. Ezinye zezinto eziphambili ziquka:

  • Amanzi ashushu asekhaya kunye nokufudumeza: Kumakhaya anosapho olunye, amandla elanga angagubungela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70% yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ashushu asekhaya.
  • Ukufudumeza ichibi: Le teknoloji ivumela amadama okuqubha ukuba afudunyezwe ngokufanelekileyo nangokuzinzileyo unyaka wonke.
  • Imveliso yombane wasekhaya: Abaninimzi banokufakela iiphaneli zelanga ukuze bazivelisele umbane kwaye baphinde bathengise intsalela kwigridi yombane ngokubanzi.
  • izicelo zoshishino: I-Solar thermoelectric energy ikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zemizi-mveliso ezifuna ubushushu obukhulu, njengokuveliswa kombane, ukupheka ukutya, kunye ne-distillation yamanzi.

Ngokunyuka kwemithetho engqongqo yokukhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso amafutha efosili, amandla obushushu belanga ayindlela enomtsalane ekuzinzeni nasekulondolozeni uqoqosho lwexesha elide.

Amandla eSolar thermoelectric ayaqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwaye aphuhlise, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba adlale indima ebalulekileyo kwikamva lemveliso yamandla ehlabathi, ukunceda ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwethu kumafutha efosili kunye nokukhuthaza imodeli ezinzileyo kunye nendalo.


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  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
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    "Ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngonyaka kwikhaya eliqhelekileyo lijikeleze i-euro ye-725, utyalo-mali aluzihlawuleli kude kube emva kweminyaka engama-48." Le ngxelo uyenzayo kwi-amortization yesixhobo se-5Kw ibonakala iphosakele kum. Enkosi