La amandla omoya ngo-2017 Yayingowesibini umboneleli omkhulu wenkqubo yamandla eSpain. Ngokufakelwe i-23 GW, yenze ngaphezulu kwe-47 TWh, igubungela kufutshane ne-20% yemfuno yombane. Lo mthombo wamandla ubalulekile kutshintsho olusingise kwisixokelelwano samandla esizinzileyo kwaye ungaxhomekekanga kumafutha efosili.
La uzinzo lwecandelo lomoya iye yaphawuleka kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngo-2017, amandla omoya abe negalelo lombane ofanayo nowango-2016. Le ndlela yokuziphatha izinzile ibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-matrix yamandla elungeleleneyo nengaguquguqukiyo kangako.
Amandla omoya eSpain
Okwangoku, kukho iiinjini zomoya ezingaphezulu kwama-20.000 ezifakwe kwiifama zomoya ezingaphezu kwe-1.000 ezisasazwe kwilizwe lonke. Ezi paki zibonise a ukusebenza okhethekileyo ngamaxesha abalulekileyo okufuneka kwamandla aphezulu. Ngokutsho kwe-Red Eléctrica Española (REE), irekhodi yemveliso yomoya yafikelelwa ngoDisemba 27, 2017, kunye nemveliso ye-330 GWh, equka i-47% yemfuno yombane yemihla ngemihla. Ngaphaya koko, uDisemba 2017 ibe yinyanga enesona sizukulwana somoya siphezulu kwimbali.
Ukongeza kwimpembelelo yayo kwimveliso yombane, amandla omoya abe ngundoqo ekunciphiseni iindleko kwimarike yombane. Ukuba bekungekho kwimveliso yomoya ophezulu ngoDisemba, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lombane liza kunyuka ukuya kwi-€ 20 / MWh phezulu. Ngokwemali, ugcino oluphakathi kwe-30% kunye ne-35% luqikelelwa, olulingana ne-400 yezigidi zee-euro.
ISpain iphinde yagqama njengelizwe lesine elivelisa amandla omoya kwihlabathi liphela, kunye namashishini angama-210 asasazeke kuwo wonke loo mmandla. Ngelishwa, ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo ethile yeQela elidumileyo ngaloo minyaka, la mashishini agxile ekuthengiseni ngaphandle endaweni yokubonelela ngemarike yasekhaya.
Amandla omoya angaphesheya kolwandle
Ukususela ngo-2017, icandelo lomoya eSpain liqalise ukugxila ekuphuhliseni Amandla omoya aselunxwemeni (ezaselwandle). Ngokusebenzisa amaqonga ezobuchwepheshe afana ne-REOLTEC, uphando kunye namanyathelo okubambisana aphakanyiswe phakathi kwamacandelo karhulumente kunye nabucala, ngenjongo yokubeka iSpeyin njengenkokeli kule marike evelayo.
Ukudityaniswa koshishino lomoya ophuma elunxwemeni kufuna utyalo-mali olomeleleyo kwi-R&D&i, iququzelela inkqubela kubugcisa obusebenza ngokufanelekileyo nobukhuphisanayo. Oku kukwamele intsimi ethembisayo yokuphucula ingeniso yecandelo lomoya waseSpain kwiminyaka ezayo.
Iifandesi ezihlaziyiweyo
Ukuthobela imimiselo kunye neenjongo zaseYurophu, urhulumente waseSpain waqhuba iifandesi ezintathu ezivuselelekayo, ezimbini ngo-2017 kunye nenye ngo-2016. Ezi fandesi zaba lukhuthazo oluyimfuneko ukuze kuvuselelwe icandelo lomoya, eliye lahlala limile kunye ne-65 MW eyongezelelweyo kutsha nje. amaxesha.
Ezi fandesi zivumele ukukhula kwecandelo ukuba kuvulwe, kuvuselelwe utyalo-mali olutsha kunye neeprojekthi eziza kukhuthaza ukwanda komthamo ofakiweyo kwiminyaka ezayo.
Utshintsho lwamandla eSpain
Ndijongene nomngeni obalulekileyo we Utshintsho lwamandla, Umbutho woShishino loMmoya (AEE) ulungiselele uhlalutyo enenjongo yokufaka isandla kuMthetho woTshintsho lweMozulu kunye noTshintsho lwaMandla. Olu xwebhu luqwalasela ukukhula kwamandla omoya eSpain kude kube yi-2030, kunye neenjongo ezicacileyo zokuphumeza i-decarbonization enkulu yenkqubo yamandla.
Amandla afakelweyo kulindeleke ukuba afikelele kwi-28.000 MW ngo-2020 kwaye aqhubeke nokukhula kumyinge we-1.200 MW ngonyaka de kube ngu-2030, afikelele kwi-40 GW. Olu lwando luya kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwecandelo lombane nge-30% ngo-2020 (xa kuthelekiswa no-2005) kwaye ngaphezu kwe-40% ngo-2030. Ngokutsho kwe-AEE, umxube wamandla waseSpain ulindeleke ukugubungela i-40% yemfuno kunye nokuhlaziywa kwi-2020. , 62% ngo-2030, 92% ngo-2040 kunye ne-100% kwi-2050.
Imingeni yexesha elizayo yamandla omoya
Nokuba kukho oku kuhambela phambili, icandelo lomoya eSpain lijongene nemiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo kwixesha elizayo:
- Isiqinisekiso a umxube wamandla olungeleleneyo eqinisekisa uzinzo lwenkqubo kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno zokutshintsha kwamandla.
- Phucula i ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwemibutho kuzwelonke nakwingingqi, evumela ukucwangciswa okuhambelanayo kunye nobunye kwinqanaba lamandla.
- Ukuseka iindlela zezimali ezizinzileyo, ezifana nezivumelwano zamazwe amabini okanye iiheji zexesha elide, ezinciphisa ukuguquguquka kwexabiso kunye nokuvumela utyalo-mali oluzinzileyo.
- KwiZiqithi zaseCanary, ukuzibophelela kumandla omoya kungundoqo ekunciphiseni iindleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa, okwangoku ziphindaphinda i-peninsula.
- Njengenkokeli kwitekhnoloji ye-offshore, iSpain kufuneka iqhubeke nokutyala imali kuphando kunye nophuhliso lokuphucula ukhuphiswano kunye nomgangatho yeemveliso zayo zomoya.
Ikamva lamandla omoya eSpain liyathembisa ukuba iinzame malunga ukwandiswa komthamo ofakelweyo kunye nokuphuculwa okuthe gqolo kokusungula izinto ezintsha, okuza kuqinisekisa ubunkokeli belizwe kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo.