Kumanqaku angaphambili sihlalutye ngokucokisekileyo amandla e-kinetic nayo yonke into enxulumene nayo. Kule meko, siyaqhubeka noqeqesho kwaye siyaqhubeka nokufunda amandla oomatshini. Olu hlobo lwamandla yinto eveliswa ngumsebenzi womzimba kwaye inokudluliselwa phakathi kwamanye amaqumrhu. Amandla omatshini sisixa samandla e-kinetic (intshukumo) eneelastiki kunye/okanye amandla anokutsaleka anokubakho, aveliswa kukudibana kwemizimba ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yawo.
Kweli nqaku siza kuchaza indlela amandla oomatshini asebenza ngayo, ukubala njani kunye neminye imizekelo kunye nezicelo. Ukuba ufuna ukuqonda le ngcamango ngokucacileyo nangokulula, qhubeka ufunda.
Ingcaciso yamandla oomatshini
Makhe sithathe umzekelo ukuchaza amandla oomatshini. Khawucinge ukuba siphosa ibhola ukusuka kumphakamo othile. Ngexesha lokuphoswa kwebhola, ibhola inakho Amandla eKinetic ngenxa yentshukumo yayo, ngelixa isemoyeni nayo ifumana amandla omxhuzulane anokubakho ngenxa yokuma kwayo ngokubhekiselele kumhlaba. Njengoko iphakama, amandla anokubakho ayanda, kwaye njengoko ewa, loo mandla anokubakho aguqulwa abe ngamandla e-kinetic.
Ingalo eqhubela ibhola iyasebenza kuyo, idlulisela amandla ekinetic kuyo. Ukuba asikuhoyi ukukhuhlana nomoya, ibhola iya kugcina amandla ayo omatshini ewonke, esisixa samandla ekinetic kunye namandla anokubakho. Enyanisweni, amandla omatshini wenkqubo anokuhlala engatshintshi xa kungekho mandla axhathisayo afana nokukhuhlana.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umxhuzulane Ngamandla angaguqukiyo (9,8 m/s² eMhlabeni) kwaye ihlala isebenza kwizinto. Ngaloo ndlela, amandla omatshini abalwayo aya kuba sisiphumo sokusebenzisana phakathi kwesantya, ubunzima kunye nokuphakama komzimba. Iyunithi yokulinganisa amandla omatshini yi Julayi (J), ngokweNkqubo yeeYunithi zaMazwe ngaMazwe.
Ifomula yamandla omatshini
Amandla oomatshini (Em) sisimbuku se amandla ekinetic (Ec) kunye amandla anokwenzeka (Ep). Ngokwezibalo, inokubonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Em = U-Ec + Ep
Ukubala Amandla eKinetic (Ec), sisebenzisa ifomula:
- Ec = 1/2 mv²
apho m bubunzima bomzimba kwaye v sisantya.
Ngokuphathelele amandla omxhuzulane anokubakho (Ep), ifomula yile:
- Ep = mgh
apho m bubunzima, g kukukhawulezisa okubangelwa ngumxhuzulane kunye h ukuphakama.
Ngale ndlela, ukuba uyabazi ubunzima bento, isantya sayo kunye nokuphakama apho iqaliswe khona, unokubala amandla ayo omatshini.
I-Principio de conservación de la energía mecánica
Umgaqo osisiseko kwifiziksi ngulo othetha oko Amandla awadalwanga okanye atshatyalaliswa, kodwa aguqulwa. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi Umgaqo wolondolozo lwamandla. Kwimeko yamandla omatshini, lo mgaqo uvumelekile ukuba inkqubo yodwa, oko kukuthi, ukuba akukho mandla angagciniyo anjenge-friction.
Ukuba siphosa ibhola emoyeni, kwinqanaba eliphezulu amandla ayo e-kinetic aya kuba yi-zero, kodwa amandla ayo okuxhuzula anokuba mkhulu. Njengoko ihla, amandla anokubakho aguqulwa abe ngamandla e-kinetic. Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, amandla apheleleyo omatshini wenkqubo ahlala engatshintshi.
I-equation yemathematika echaza lo mgaqo yile ilandelayo:
Em = Ec + Ep = rhoqo
Kwiinkqubo zangempela, ubukho be-friction kunye nezinye i-non-conservative forces ziguqula le nxaki, ebangela ukuba amandla athile achithwa njengobushushu okanye ezinye iintlobo. Nangona kunjalo, lo mgaqo uhlala uluncedo kuhlalutyo lweenkqubo ezininzi zomzimba.
Imizekelo yokuzivocavoca
Makhe sijonge eminye imisebenzi ukubonisa indlela yokusebenzisa la magama achazwe ngasentla:
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- Khetha ukhetho olungalunganga:
- a) Amandla eKinetic ngamandla onawo umzimba xa ukwintshukumo.
- b) Amandla anokuxhuzula anokuba nawo amandla omzimba anawo ngenxa yokuba abekwe kumphakamo othile.
- c) Amandla omatshini ewonke omzimba ahlala engaguquguquki naxa kukho ukukhuhlana.
- d) Amandla endalo yonke ahlala ehleli kwaye ayaguquka kuphela.
- e) Xa umzimba unamandla e-kinetic, unako ukwenza umsebenzi.
- Khetha ukhetho olungalunganga:
Ukhetho olungalunganga lu (c). Amandla oomatshini awagcinwa xa kukho ukukhuhlana, kuba amanye awo achithwa njengobushushu.
- Ibhasi enentlama m yehla ithambeka ngesantya esingaguqukiyo. Umqhubi ugcina iziqhoboshi zicinezelekile, enciphisa isantya sebhasi nokuba yehla ukusuka kumphakamo h. Phendula ukuba ezi nkcazo zilandelayo ziyinyani okanye bubuxoki:
- Utshintsho kumandla e-kinetic ebhasi ngu-zero.
- Amandla omatshini we-bus-Ground system agciniwe.
- Amandla apheleleyo e-bus-Earth system agcinwe, nangona amanye aguqulwa abe ngamandla angaphakathi.
Kule meko, impendulo echanekileyo V, F, V. Amandla ekinetic awahlukanga kuba isantya sihlala sihleli; Nangona kunjalo, amandla omatshini awagcinwanga ngenxa yokunyuka kwamandla angaphakathi kwenkqubo ebangelwa ukungqubuzana.
Le mizekelo ibonisa ukubaluleka kokuqonda indlela amandla kunye namandla adibana ngayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Amandla omatshini angundoqo kwizicelo ezininzi zemihla ngemihla, ukusuka ekuhambiseni isithuthi ukuya ekutsibeni kwi-trampoline.
Ukuqonda okuchanekileyo kwamandla oomatshini aluncedo kuphela ekuphumeleleni iimviwo, kodwa nokuqonda izinto ezenzeka kwihlabathi elisingqongileyo.