Namhlanje amakhaya amaninzi kunye nemizi-mveliso iyayisebenzisa igesi yendalo. Lo mthombo wamandla ukhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba uqhubeke usanda kumashumi eminyaka ezayo. Ukwenza ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe igesi yendalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda iparameter esisiseko kwinkalo yekhemistri: i ixabiso le calorific. Eli xabiso libalulekile ukugqiba umgangatho werhasi kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuvelisa amandla, nto leyo evumela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zoqoqosho.
Kule nqaku, siya kufumanisa ngokucacileyo ukuba yiyiphi ixabiso le-calorific, lilinganiswe njani kwaye lichaphazela njani ukusetyenziswa kwegesi yasekhaya kunye nezoshishino.
Yintoni ixabiso le calorific?
El ixabiso le calorific yerhasi ichazwa njengobungakanani bamandla akhutshwayo xa kusenzeka i-oxidation epheleleyo yerhasi, ngokweyunithi yobunzima okanye umthamo. Eli xabiso lisisiseko sokumisela ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo nayiphi na i-fuel, kwaye ulwazi lwayo luyivumela ukuba isebenzise ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Ngokomzekelo, ixabiso eliphezulu lokufudumeza, liphantsi inani legesi elifunekayo ukuvelisa umlinganiselo ofanayo wamandla, okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunye neendleko.
Ixabiso le-calorific libonakaliswa kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ilinganiswe ngomthamo okanye ubunzima. Kubunzima, iikhilojuli ngekhilogram (kJ/kg) okanye iikilocalories ngekhilogram (kcal/kg) zisetyenziswa. Kwimiqulu, iikilojoules ngecubic meter (kJ/m) zisetyenziswa.3) okanye iikilocalories per cubic meter (kcal/m3).
Le ngcamango ingundoqo kungekhona kuphela kwinqanaba lasekhaya, kodwa nakwiinkampani kunye namashishini aphucula iindleko zabo zamandla ngokusebenzisa igesi yendalo okanye amanye amafutha anexabiso eliphezulu le-calorific. Emva koko, siya kuqhubela phambili kwiinkcukacha zenkalo ebalulekileyo: umahluko phakathi kwexabiso le-calorific ephezulu kunye nesezantsi.
Umahluko phakathi kwexabiso eliphezulu nelisezantsi lokufudumeza
Ixabiso lokufudumeza kwerhasi lihlelwe ngokweendidi ezimbini: ixabiso eliphezulu lokufudumeza (PCS) kunye ixabiso eliphantsi lokufudumeza (PCI). Owona mahluko mkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini ulele kunyango olunikwa amandla avela kukujiya komphunga wamanzi ngexesha lokutsha.
Kwimeko ixabiso eliphezulu lokufudumeza, amandla akhululwe xa umphunga wamanzi, owenziwe ngokutshisa, ukudibanisa kuthathelwa ingqalelo. Ngamanye amazwi, bonke ubushushu obusebenzisekayo berhasi bujongwa phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, oko kukuthi, xa iimveliso zokutsha zikwiqondo lobushushu elisezantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuba umphunga wamanzi ujike.
Ngenxalenye yalo, i ixabiso eliphantsi lokufudumeza Ayibandakanyi amandla akhutshwa kukuxinana komphunga wamanzi. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba iigesi zokutsha azifikeleli kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuze umphunga ujiye, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inxalenye yamandla ayisetyenziswa. Kusetyenziso olusebenzayo kushishino, kuqhelekile ukubhekisa kwi-PCI kuba ibonakalisa ngokwenyani umthamo wamandla aluncedo anokufunyanwa. Ibalulekile kumashishini amaninzi njengoko ibonelela ngomlinganiselo osebenzayo wobushushu obukhoyo ngexesha leenkqubo zemizi-mveliso apho umphunga awuyi kucuthwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwexabiso lokufudumeza kwishishini
Kwishishini, ukwazi ixabiso lokufudumeza kwegesi kubalulekile ukunyusa iinkqubo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. Amashishini ayisebenzisayo ahlala esebenza kunye ne ixabiso eliphantsi lokufudumeza, kuba iigesi zokutsha aziqhelekanga ukupholisa ngokwaneleyo ukubuyisela ubushushu obufihlakeleyo bomphunga wamanzi okhoyo kwiimveliso zokutsha.
Ngenxa yokubaluleka okukhulu kwexabiso le-calorific ekubaleni ubungakanani bamandla aluncedo akhoyo kumafutha, amacandelo afana nesinyithi, ukwenziwa kweglasi, iinkampani zesamente, iindawo zokucoca ioyile kunye neenkampani ezivelisa amandla zibeke iliso elibukhali eli xabiso ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Irhasi enexabiso eliphezulu le calorific ithetha ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli okuphantsi, nto leyo iguqulela kukhuko olungcolisayo olumbalwa kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Ngaphezu koko, ukuzinza kwexabiso lokufudumala kwigesi kuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zoshishino ziqikeleleka kwaye zihambelana.
Iindlela zokulinganisa ixabiso lokufudumeza
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa ixabiso lokufudumeza kwerhasi, kwaye ezona zixhaphakileyo ziquka iindlela ze-in-line kunye ne-batch. Yena ibhombu ikhalorimitha indlela Yenye yezona zindala nezichanekileyo. Ibandakanya ukubeka isampulu yerhasi kwisikhongozeli esivaliweyo esivalekileyo; Emva kokuguqula igesi, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kulinganiswa usebenzisa i-thermometer. Le ndlela ichanekile kakhulu, kodwa idla yonke igesi ngexesha lenkqubo, ngoko ke isicelo sayo kumashishini silinganiselwe.
Kwiindawo zoshishino, iinkqubo zokulinganisa eziqhubekayo zikhethwa, ezifana iichromatographs zegesi ze-intanethi. Le ndlela yahlula amacandelo erhasi ngelixa urekhoda ixesha abalithathayo ukukhupha kwikholamu yechromatographic, evumela ukuba inani le-hydrocarbons elikhoyo lilinganiswe kunye nexabiso elipheleleyo lokufudumeza kwegesi ukuba libalwe. Olu hlobo lokulinganisa lusebenza kakuhle kwaye luvumela ukubeka iliso rhoqo umgangatho wegesi esetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yoshishino.
Ixabiso le-Calorific sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokwandisa amandla okusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokutshisa inenzuzo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kokubili kusetyenziso lwezoshishino kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla.
Ngolwazi lwexabiso le-calorific, izigqibo ezingcono zinokwenziwa ekusetyenzisweni nasekuhanjisweni kwegesi kunye namanye amafutha, ngaloo ndlela ufumana ukugcinwa okubalulekileyo kwiindleko zokusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa okungcono kwamandla.