I-COP29, eyona ngqungquthela yemozulu ibalulekileyo ngo-2024, sele iqalile eBaku, eAzerbaijan. Lo msitho, uququzelelwe phantsi kombutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo, udibanisa abameli abavela kumazwe ali-197, ngenjongo ephambili yoku ukufikelela kwisivumelwano semali yemozulu Kuyimfuneko ukujongana nefuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kulo nyaka, omnye wemixholo esembindini ngu indlela yokuhambisa imali kwaye ngubani omele abeke imali etafileni, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwezona qoqosho zisemngciphekweni ezithwaxwa ziziphumo zokufudumala kwehlabathi ngokuthe ngqo.
Umxholo wale ngqungquthela ayingowona uvumayo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba u-2024 iya kuba ngowona nyaka ushushu kwimbali erekhodiweyo, ukodlula umqobo owoyikwayo wokunyuka kwe-1,5º C kumndilili wobushushu behlabathi xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba angaphambi kwamashishini. Lo mda, owachongwa siSivumelwano saseParis njengesitshixo sokuthintela ezona ziphumo ziyintlekele zokutshintsha kwemozulu, kubonakala ngathi kuza kugqithwa.
Indima ephambili yemali yemozulu
Izimali zemozulu ngumxholo weenkwenkwezi eBaku. Le ngqungquthela ibizwa ngokuba “yiCOP yezemali” kuba iingxoxo zijikeleza INjongo eNtsha eQinisekisiweyo ngokuHlangeneyo, efuna ukwandisa iminikelo yamazwe aphuhlileyo kwawona asemngciphekweni. Okwangoku, isivumelwano esisebenzayo ukusukela ngo-2015 sithembise ukuhlanganisa i-100.000 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka, kodwa loo mda ubonakalise ukungonelanga.
KwiCOP29, imali kulindeleke ukuba inyuke kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwe-UN, amazwe asakhulayo aya kufuna i-1,1 yezigidigidi zeedola ngonyaka ukusuka kwi-2025, kwaye inani lingafikelela kwi-1,8 yezigidigidi ngo-2030. I-European Union ihamba phambili kwimigudu kule ndawo, inethemba lokudibanisa njengeqabane eliphambili ekulweni nokutshintsha kwemozulu. .
Nangona kunjalo, ingxoxo ayipheli ekunyuseni imali. Kukwabalulekile ukumisela Iimali ziya kulawulwa njani kwaye ziya kwabelwa ngaphi amazwe. Izizwe ezikumazantsi ehlabathi zezo uninzi lwayo lufuna ukwabiwa ngokufanelekileyo kwemithombo, ngelixa amagunya afana ne-United States neJapan ekhuthaza ukubandakanya imali yabucala ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimali yoluntu.
Ukungabikho okukhulu kwiingxoxo zemozulu
Le ngqungquthela iqale ngokungabikho okubalulekileyo oko kunokuchaphazela uthethathethwano. Akakho umongameli wase-United States, uJoe Biden, okanye indlalifa yakhe uDonald Trump (osanda kunyulwa kulonyulo). Endaweni yeBiden, uJohn Podesta, umcebisi wemozulu obalaseleyo eWashington, ukhokela igqiza laseMelika. UVladimir Putin kunye no-Xi Jinping, abongameli baseRashiya naseTshayina, abasayi kubakho., eyongeza ukungaqiniseki kwizivumelwano ezinokufikelelwa.
Ukungabikho kwezi nkokeli ezinempembelelo kubangele inkxalabo phakathi kwabadlali abaphambili bokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kukho uloyiko lokuba ukungazibophelela kwabo emntwini kunokucothisa inkqubela efunekayo ukuqinisekisa isisombululo sexesha elide. Ngokwahlukileyo, iinkokeli ezifana noPedro Sánchez, uNdunankulu waseSpain, baya kubakho ukufaka isandla kwiingxoxo, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba badlale indima ebonakalayo ekwenzeni izigqibo.
Umngeni wokugcina ubushushu bungaphantsi kwe-1,5°C
Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu weCOP29 kukufumana a isisombululo esisebenzayo esikwaziyo ukugcina ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ehlabathi ngaphantsi kwe-1,5 °C. Iingxelo zamva nje ezivela kwimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) sele ibonise ukuba iplanethi iya kudlula le ngqalelo kwi-2024. Le nyaniso, yongezwa kwi-frequency eyandayo yeziganeko zemozulu ezinzima ezifana neziphepho, izikhukhula kunye namaza okushisa , yenza ukungxamiseka kwezi zivumelwano kucace ngakumbi kunangaphambili.
Nangona kunjalo, i imigaqo-nkqubo yangoku ayonelanga. USimon Stiell, unobhala olawulayo we-UN Climate Change, uthe ukufudumala kwehlabathi kuyaqhubeka ukuya kwi-3 ° C, okuya kuba yingozi kuluntu kunye neplanethi. Ejongene nale meko, iingcali zifuna ukuba amazwe angcolisekileyo, kuquka namagunya angekhoyo, andise izibophelelo zawo zemozulu.
Izenzo eziphathekayo zokuthintela iintlekele zemozulu
I-COP29 nayo iya kufuna izivumelwano ezibambekayo zoku ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza ngokonyuswa koMrhumo oMiselwe kuZwelonke (NDC). Awona mazwe anamabhongo abizelwa ukuba abonise izicwangciso ezintsha zemozulu kwisamithi elandelayo, eza kubanjelwa eBrazil.
Ngaphaya koko, i-COP29 iya kugxila kwezo sele kuxoxiwe ngazo Ilahleko kunye neNgxowa-mali yoLonakala, eyenzelwe ukubonelela ngenkxaso yemali kumazwe achaphazeleka kakhulu ziintlekele zemozulu. Le ngxowa-mali, ekudalwe kwayo kwavunywa kwi-COP27, isekuninzi ekufuneka ichaze malunga nokusebenza kunye nenkxaso-mali. IBhanki yehlabathi yonyulwe njengomphathi wayo okwethutyana, nangona esi sigqibo singakhange sigxekwe, ngakumbi kwiintlanga ezikumazantsi ehlabathi ezingalithembi iziko.
Ekugqibeleni, imibutho yezendalo igxininisa ukuba izinga langoku lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo akonelanga. Nangona amanye amazwe, anjengeEuropean Union, ebonise izicwangciso zamabhongo zowama-2050, ezona ngxelo zakutshanje zeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zibonisa ukuba, ukuba akuthatyathwa manyathelo aqatha, isijikelezi-langa siya kujongana nokwanda okuphakathi kwe-2,6, 3,1 ne-XNUMX degrees ekupheleni kwinkulungwane. Oku kuya kubangela umngcipheko osondeleyo kwizigidi zabantu kunye ne-ecosystem.
I-COP29 e-Baku iya kuthatha isigqibo kumlo wehlabathi wokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ngakumbi kulo nyaka apho iirekhodi zobushushu kunye neziganeko zemozulu ezimandundu kulindeleke. Njengoko amazwe ethethathethana ngezibophelelo zawo zokunciphisa imali kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, ihlabathi lijongile, lisazi ukuba le ngqungquthela ingaphawula inguqu kwiinzame zoluntu zokuthomalalisa iziphumo ezibi zokufudumala kwehlabathi.