Ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezibaso ezinyusa ubushushu behlabathi ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwegesi yendlu eluhlaza, uphando kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezinye iintlobo zemithombo yamandla eyenziwayo kuyenziwa, njengamandla ahlaziyekayo njengoko siwazi. Zininzi iindlela zamandla ahlaziyekayo: amandla elanga, umoya, ubushushu bamanzi, i-hydroelectric, i-biomass, njl. Amandla avela kwi-biofuels, njenge biodiesel, ngumthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo ofumaneka kwizinto eziphilayo ezinokuthatha indawo yamafutha efosili. I-Biodiesel okanye i-fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) inokuveliswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeoli kunye namafutha ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-esterification, kuquka i-rapeseed, i-sunflower, i-soybean, kunye ne-walnuts. Ungasebenzisa ioli yokupheka esele isetyenzisiwe kunye namafutha ezilwanyana. Inkqubo iqala ngokukhupha ioli kwizityalo ezinamafutha kwaye ifakwe kwi-transesterification. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga ne-biodiesel? Apha sichaza yonke into ngokubanzi.
Ukubaluleka kwee-biofuels
Ukususela kwinguqu kwezoshishino, uluntu luye lwathembela kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwamafutha efosili njengeoli, amalahle kunye negesi yendalo. La mafutha ebengundoqo kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwehlabathi, kodwa ukulinganiselwa kwawo kuyabonakala. Ziphela ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo kakhulu kunegalelo kukufudumala kwehlabathi, kukhupha izixa ezikhulu zeegesi zegreenhouse, ezifana nekharbon diokside (CO2), enyusa ubushushu beplanethi.Ejongene nale mida, i-biofuels ivela njengesisombululo esicocekileyo nesinokuhlaziywa. Ngokungafaniyo ne-oyile, ethatha izigidi zeminyaka ukwenza, i-biofuels iveliswa kwi-biomass yezityalo kwimijikelo emifutshane, ezinzileyo. Ngaphandle koko, Nasiphi na isityalo esisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-biofuel sinokuphinda kutyalwe kwakhona, okwenza lo mthombo wamandla uzinze ngakumbi kwixesha elide. I-biofuels eyaziwa kakhulu yi-ethanol kunye ne-biodiesel.
Yintoni i-biodiesel?
I-Biodiesel yi-biofuel eyenziwe nge-oyile yemifuno emitsha okanye esetyenzisiweyo, kunye namanye amafutha ezilwanyana. Enkosi ekuthandeni kwayo okukhulayo, iveliswa kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye inenzuzo yokuba isibaso esihlaziyekayo nesinokonakala. I-Biodiesel isetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwiinjini ezihamba ngedizili, kwaye eyona nto ingcono kukuba iinjini ezininzi zingayisebenzisa ngaphandle kokwenza utshintsho olukhulu. EUnited States, umzekelo, ishishini elincinci kodwa elikhulayo liye lavumela ezinye izitishi zenkonzo ukuba zibonelele nge-biodiesel blends. Nangona kunjalo, ii-injini ze-diesel ezindala zinokufuna uhlengahlengiso oluthile lobugcisa ukuze kuqhutywe i-biodiesel ngendlela ecocekileyo.
Yenziwa njani i-biodiesel
Inkqubo yokufumana i-biodiesel ibandakanya ukukhutshwa kweoli kwizityalo ze-oyile ezifana ne-sunflower okanye i-rapeseed. Emva kokuba ioli ifunyenwe, idlula inkqubo ye-transesterification, apho i-methanol kunye ne-catalyst yongezwa ukuguqula i-triglycerides kwi-fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), esisiseko se-biodiesel. Lamafutha aneengenelo ezininzi, njengazo amandla amakhulu okuthambisa, eyigqwesa lee loo diesel yefosili. Ngaphaya koko, xa ixutywe nefosili yedizili ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo (ukusuka kwi-5% ukuya kwi-100%), iyakwazi ukuphucula ukusebenza kwenjini, ngenxa yesimo sayo sokuba yi-oxygen fuel fuel, oko kukuthi, iqulethe i-oksijini ekubunjweni kwayo.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zokusebenzisa i-biodiesel
Njengawo nawuphi na omnye umthombo wamandla, i-biodiesel ineenzuzo zombini kunye nokungalungi. Okulandelayo, siqwalasela ezona ziphambili:
Izinto eziluncedo ze-biodiesel
- Ukuncitshiswa kweegesi ezingcolisayo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-diesel ye-fossil, i-biodiesel iyanciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2, i-carbon monoxide kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo.
- Iphuma kwimathiriyeli ekrwada ehlaziyekayo. Imbewu yerape, ujongilanga okanye i-oyile yokuqhotsa esetyenziswayo yimithombo ezinzileyo yemveliso yazo.
- Es i-biodegradable kwaye ayinayo ityhefu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba xa kuchitheke ngempazamo, ichaphazela imekobume ngaphantsi kwe-fuel fuels.
- Ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwe intsalela yesityalo.
- Ayinayo isulfure, enceda ukuthintela imvula eneasidi.
Ukungalungi kwe-biodiesel
- Ixabiso eliphantsi lokufudumeza. Ilitha enye ye-biodiesel iqulethe amandla angaphantsi kune-diesel yefosili, enokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-injini.
- Ukuqina kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Kwiindawo ezibandayo, i-biodiesel inokuqina, okwenza kube nzima ukuyisebenzisa.
- Su imveliso enkulu kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga komhlaba wokulima.
- El ixabiso biodiesel Isephezulu kunaleyo yedizili yesintu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwangoku kunye nexesha elizayo le-biodiesel
I-Biodiesel sele isetyenziswa kwezothutho, ngakumbi kwiibhasi kunye neelori zemithwalo ezisebenza kwimimandla yasezidolophini. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyaphononongwa kwishishini leenqwelomoya nezaselwandle, kunye nakwimizila yokuvelisa umbane kwimimandla yasemaphandleni. Kwixesha elizayo elingekude, i-biodiesel inokudlala indima ephambili kwinguqu yamandla, inceda ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwi-fuel fuels kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko. Inkqubela phambili kwimveliso yayo, kusetyenziswa ioyile esetyenzisiweyo kunye nemithombo emitsha efana ne-algae, inokwenza i-biodiesel isebenze ngakumbi kwaye izinzile. Lo mthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo unokuba sisiseko kumlo ochasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukuba nje imingeni ekhoyo ngoku ngokweendleko nemveliso yayo inokoyiswa.