Kukho izinto zokubasa eziveliswa kwi-biomass yeplanethi yethu kwaye, ke ngoko, zithathwa njenge-biofuels okanye i-fuels ezihlaziyekayo. Kule meko, siza kuthetha nge-bioethanol.
I-Bioethanol yindidi ye-biofuel ngokungafaniyo neoyile, ayingombane weefosili othathe izigidi zeminyaka ukuyilwa. Imalunga ne- I-petroli yendalo enokutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo ipetroli njengomthombo wamandla, ukuba yindlela ecocekileyo nenokuhlaziywa.
Umdla kulamafutha ukhule kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yesidingo sokufumana ezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo kumafutha efosili kunye nokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda yonke into enxulumene ne-bioethanol, qhubeka ufunda
Injongo yokusetyenziswa kweBiofuel
Ukusetyenziswa kwee-biofuels kunenjongo enye ephambili: ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza emoyeni. Iigesi zeGreenhouse, ezifana nekharbon diokside (CO2), zibonakaliswe zinefuthe elithe ngqo kubushushu behlabathi njengoko zibamba ubushushu kwiatmosfera, zibangela ukuba amaqondo obushushu anyuke kwihlabathi jikelele.
I-Bioethanol, ephuma kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo efana nezityalo kunye nenkunkuma, inceda ukunciphisa oku kukhutshwayo, zombini kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ngokungafaniyo namafutha e-fossil, impembelelo yabo ngexesha lokutsha liphantsi kakhulu, eliguqulela kwi-carbon footprint ephantsi.
Ukongeza ekubeni luncedo kokusingqongileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-bioethanol kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwioli. Ngokomzekelo, eSpain sinenkampani yokuqala yobuvulindlela eYurophu ekuveliseni i-bioethanol, ebonisa amandla ale biofuel kokubili kwezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ukufumana inkqubo
I-Bioethanol ifunyenwe ngu ukubiliswa kwezinto eziphilayo isityebi kwiswekile kunye neecarbohydrates. Ezona zityalo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ziquka umbona, iswekile kunye nezinye iicereals ezinesitatshi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kuyenzeka ukuba ufumane imveliso eluncedo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, njengokutya kwezilwanyana okanye ukuvelisa amandla.
Enye yeenkqubo eziphambili ekufumaneni i-bioethanol yi ukubiliswa kotywala. Ngeli nqanaba, igwele linoxanduva lokuguqula iswekile ibe yiethanol kunye necarbon dioxide. Le nkqubo ifana nokuveliswa kotywala kwiziselo, kodwa ngeenjongo zamandla.
Nje ukuba i-ethanol ifunyenwe, kufuneka ihambe ngeenkqubo ze distillation kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ukwandisa ubunyulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle njenge-biofuel. Ekugqibeleni, i-ethanol ecocekileyo ixutywe nepetroli ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo (umzekelo, i-E85 iqulethe i-ethanol ye-85% kunye ne-15% yepetroli), ilungelelanise iimfuno zaso naziphi na iinjini zesithuthi.
Yenzelwe ntoni?
Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kwe-bioethanol yi njengamafutha ezithuthi. Kumazwe afana neBrazil, kuqhelekile ukufumana izikhululo zegesi ezibonelela nge-bioethanol njengokhetho, kuba inexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ikhupha iigesi ezingcolisa kancinci kunepetroli eqhelekileyo.
Ngapha koko, i-bioethanol ikwasetyenziswa kwezinye izicelo, ezinje ukuveliswa kombane, nangona ukuya kwinqanaba elingaphantsi, kunye neemveliso zoshishino ezifana nezinyibilikisi okanye kunye nokwenza izinto zokuthambisa kunye neemveliso zamachiza.
Olunye usetyenziso oluxhaphake kakhulu ku Iinkqubo zokufudumeza. Iindawo zomlilo zeBioethanol ziya zithandwa kakhulu kuba zivelisa ukutsha okucocekileyo ngaphandle kothuthu okanye intsalela yomsi. Nangona kunjalo, amandla abo obushushu anqongophele, ngoko ke aqhele ukusetyenziswa njengokuncedisana nendawo yokufudumeza.
Impembelelo kokusingqongileyo
Nangona i-bioethanol i amafutha ahlaziyekayo kwaye ikhupha izinto ezingcolisa umzimba ezincinci kunezibaso zefosili, ikwadala impikiswano. Ukuvelisa kwayo, kufuneka izityalo ezinokuthi, maxa wambi, zikhuphisane nemveliso yokutya. Oku kusenokubangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya kwimimandla ethile.
Ukongeza, imveliso ye-bioethanol iphinda isebenzise amandla, ngakumbi ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhula, ukuvuna kunye nokuthutha i-biomass. Ngoko ke, nangona ukukhutshwa okuvela ekusetyenzisweni kwe-bioethanol kuphantsi, inkqubo yokuvelisa iyonke ayikhululekanga ngokupheleleyo ekukhutshweni kwegesi ye-greenhouse.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-bioethanol kukwabonelela ngeenzuzo ezingathanga ngqo, ezifana nokuvuselelwa koqoqosho lwasemaphandleni ngokuvelisa imisebenzi kunye nomsebenzi kwiindawo zezolimo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuphanda iindlela zokwandisa imveliso yakho kunye nokunciphisa ifuthe lakho lokusingqongileyo.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa
Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-bioethanol ihlengahlengiswa ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo, kodwa awona manyathelo aqhelekileyo ngala alandelayo:
- Ukunciphisa: Amanzi ongezwa ukulungelelanisa ukugxininiswa kweswekile kunye nokuthintela imvubelo ekunqandeni ngexesha lokuvutshelwa.
- Inguquko: Isitatshi okanye i-cellulose kwizinto eziluhlaza ziguqulelwa kwiswekile evundileyo nge-asidi okanye i-enzymatic hydrolysis.
- Ukuvubela: Igwele liqhekeza iswekile ibe yiethanol kunye nekharbon diokside kwinkqubo engayifuniyo ioksijini.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-distillation kunye ne-dehydration yenze ukuba kube lula ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, ukwandisa inani le-ethanol eveliswa ngetoni nganye yezinto ezisetyenziswayo.
Izibonelelo ze-bioethanol
I-Bioethanol ineenzuzo ezininzi, ingakumbi igxininisa loo nto Ngamafutha ahlaziyekayo, enciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimithombo yefosili elinganiselweyo kwiplanethi.
- Ungcoliseko oluncinci: Xa kuthelekiswa namafutha emveli, ukukhutshwa kwawo okungcolisekileyo kusezantsi ngexesha lokutsha.
- Itekhnoloji efikelelekayo: Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-bioethanol ayinzima kwaye onke amazwe anokuyiphuhlisa esebenzisa izixhobo zabo.
- Ukuziphatha okuncomekayo kwiinjini: Isebenza njenge-antifreeze, iphucula ukusebenza kwe-injini kwiindawo ezibandayo.
Le biofuel sisisombululo esinomdla sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye negalelo ekulweni nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
I-Bioethanol iboniswa njengenye indlela esebenzayo nethembisayo kumafutha efosili. Njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yayo iphucula, i-bioethanol inokudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kumxube wamandla wehlabathi elizayo.