La COP16, ebibanjelwe eCali, eKholombiya, phakathi ko-Oktobha 21 noNovemba 1, 2024, yaba sisiganeko esibalulekileyo ekulondolozweni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Nangona kuye kwenziwa inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo, ukungabikho kwezivumelwano kwimiba ephambili efana nenkxaso-mali Uyishiyile ingqungquthela enencasa ekrakra kunye nemiceli mngeni emikhulu ezayo.
Lo msitho ubuhlanganise abathunywa abangaphezu kwama-20.000 abasuka kumazwe aphantse abe ngama-200 kwisixeko sesithathu ngobukhulu eColombia. I-ajenda ibigxile ekuphunyezweni kwe I-Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, isivumelwano esibalulekileyo esamkelwa ngo-2022 esijolise ekumiseni nasekubuyiseleni umva ilahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ngo-2030. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweentsuku eziliqela zothethathethwano olunzulu, imiba emininzi engundoqo yahlala ingasonjululwanga.
Yintoni eyaphunyezwa kwi-COP16 eCali?
Enye yezona mpumelelo ziqaphelekayo zeCOP16 yayikukudalwa kwe Imvelaphi yaseCali, indlela eyilelwe ukusasaza kwakhona izibonelelo ezifunyenwe kusetyenziso lwe ulandelelwano lwedijithali lwemithombo yofuzo (DSI). Iinkampani kumacandelo afana namayeza, izithambiso kunye neteknoloji yebhayoloji zinokunikela ngepesenti yengeniso yazo okanye ingeniso kwingxowa-mali.
El I-50% yemali eqokelelweyo iya kubahlali basekhaya kunye nemveli, abathi ngokwembali bebengabagcini beentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Nangona abanye basigqala isivumelwano njengenyathelo elibalulekileyo, abanye basibona singanelanga, ekubeni inxaxheba yoshishino iya kuba yokuzithandela. U-Oscar Soria, ovela kwi-NGO Common Initiative, wagxininisa ukuba ukusebenza kwengxowa-mali kuya kuxhomekeka kakhulu ekuzimiseleni kweenkampani ukufaka isandla.
Ukuqondwa kwabantu bomthonyama kunye nenzala yama-Afro
Enye intuthuko enkulu yaba kubandakanywa a iqumrhu elincedisayo elisisigxina labantu bemveli kunye noluntu lwengingqi phakathi kweNgqungquthela yeBiological Diversity (CBD). Okokuqala, olu luntu luya kuba nendawo yokucebisa ngokusesikweni kwiingxoxo zezizwe ngezizwe ngezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa intatho-nxaxheba ebonakalayo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo.
Ngokunjalo, ukuqondwa kwendima ye Afro-inzala kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo Yaba yenye isiganeko esibalulekileyo. Nangona esi siphakamiso sadibana nochaso lokuqala oluvela kumazwe ase-Afrika kunye neManyano yaseYurophu, ekugqibeleni samkelwa ngenxa yobunkokeli baseColombia naseBrazil.
Umqobo omkhulu: ukuxhasa ngemali
Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili, i-COP16 iphawulwe kukunqongophala kwemvumelwano malunga nomba wenkxaso-mali. Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zeGlobal Biodiversity Framework yayikukuhlanganisa I-20.000 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka kude kube ngu-2025 y 30.000 yeebhiliyoni kude kube ngu-2030, ejoliswe ekuxhaseni amazwe asakhasayo kwiinzame zawo zokukhusela iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, uthetha-thethwano lwanqumama kwaye ekugqibeleni lwanqunyanyiswa ngenxa yokungabikho kwekhoram kwiseshoni yesi-2 kaNovemba.
Uninzi lwamazwe aseAfrika naseLatin America acele ukuyilwa kwengxowa-mali ethile yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, ezimeleyo kwiNgxowa-mali yeHlabathi yeNdalo ekhoyo ngoku (i-GEF), nto leyo iManyano yaseYurophu eyakhatywayo ngokupheleleyo. Ukudodobala kweengxoxo kushiye ukwamkelwa kwesicwangciso esicacileyo sokuhlanganisa izixhobo eziyimfuneko kumisiwe.
U-Astrid Schomaker, uNobhala weSigqeba we-CBD, wagxininisa ekuqaleni kwenkomfa ukuba impumelelo ye-COP16 ixhomekeke kakhulu ekukwazini ukudibanisa ezi zixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokunqunyanyiswa, imibutho emininzi efana neGreenpeace ibize umphumo "njengokusilela", ngelixa i-WWF ibonise inkxalabo malunga nekamva leenjongo zendalo ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuba izikhewu zenkxaso-mali azivalwanga.
Iinjongo zehlabathi ezisemngciphekweni
Enye yeengxaki eziphambili ejongene nazo yi-COP16 yayikukuba ngamazwe angama-44 kuphela kwali-196 abonise izicwangciso zawo ezipheleleyo zezityalo nezilwanyana zelizwe, inani elinganelanga ukuhlangabezana neenjongo ezibekwe ngo-2022. I-Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework icela amazwe ukuba akhusele i-30% ye-ecosystems yehlabathi ngo-2030, kodwa ngenxa yezicwangciso ezimbalwa zelizwe ezisebenzayo, injongo ibonakala inzima kakhulu.
Ukulibaziseka ekunikezelweni kwezicwangciso, ngokunjalo ukungabikho kwesivumelwano sezemali, ibeka emngciphekweni ukuzaliseka kosukelo lolondolozo, nto leyo enokuba yingozi enkulu kwimigudu yehlabathi yokunqanda ukulahleka kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
Okuncomekayo: intatho-nxaxheba engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kunye neCOP yabantu
Nangona ukungabikho kwezivumelwano zezimali kwaba ngumqobo, iCOP16 yabhaptizwa nguSusana Muhamad, umongameli wengqungquthela kunye noMphathiswa wezeNdalo yaseColombia, "I-COP yabantu". Intatho-nxaxheba yoluntu yayigqwesile kwaye ikwazile ukuba ngumtsalane wokwenene kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yiGreen Zone, indawo apho abemi, amashishini amancinci, ii-NGOs kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni banokwabelana ngezindululo kunye namanyathelo abo.
UMphathiswa u-Muhamad ugxininise ukubaluleka kokudibanisa amazwi abantu bomthonyama, uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye nabantu abatsha, abadlala indima ebalulekileyo kumlo wokusindisa i-biodiversity. Ngokwamanani karhulumente, iGreen Zone yatsala ngaphezulu 800.000 abantu kwiiveki ezimbini zomsitho, ebonisa inkxalabo ekhulayo yehlabathi yokhuselo lokusingqongileyo.
Amanyathelo alandelayo ukuya kwiCOP17
Ngokunqunyanyiswa kwe-COP16, kulindeleke ukuba iingxoxo malunga nenkxaso-mali ziqalise kwakhona intlanganiso yethutyana eBangkok ngaphambi kwe-COP17, eza kubanjelwa eArmenia ngo-2026. Uthethathethwano luya kufuneka lugxininise kwindlela yokuhlanganisa izixhobo ezifunekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe i-Global Biodiversity Framework kunye nendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba amazwe amaninzi angenisa izicwangciso zawo zelizwe.
Isiphumo solu thethwano siya kubaluleka ekugcineni ithemba lokuhlangabezana neenjongo zebhayoloji yehlabathi jikelele phambi kokuba kube sekusemva kwexesha. Ngaphantsi kweminyaka emithandathu ukufikelela kwiinjongo zika-2030, ixesha lingundoqo kwaye izigqibo ezithathwe kwiintlanganiso ezizayo ziya kuba sisigqibo malunga nekamva lezinto eziphilayo zeplanethi.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, i-COP16 eCali ibe yingqungquthela ezele ngamahla-ndinyuka, enenkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kodwa nemingeni emikhulu. Ngelixa ukudalwa kweNgxowa-mali yeCali kunye nokuqatshelwa koluntu lwengingqi kuyinkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo, ukungabikho kwenkxaso-mali kunye nokulibaziseka ekunikezelweni kwezicwangciso zesizwe zendalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zishiya amathemba amaninzi abekwe kule ngqungquthela emoyeni.