Inkqubela phambili entsha kwicandelo le ubuchwephesha benza utshintsho kwishishini amandla elanga, ingakumbi isetyenziswe kuphuhliso lwe iiseli ze-photovoltaic. Ukuphunyezwa kobuchule be-nanotechnological kuye kwavumela ukuqhubela phambili okubonakalayo ekusebenzeni kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, ukuphawula ngaphambi nangemva kweshishini lamandla avuselelweyo.
Yintoni i-nanotechnology kwaye isetyenziswe njani kumandla elanga?
La ubuchwephesha yinkalo yophononongo egxile ekwenziweni kwezinto kwinqanaba le-athomu kunye neemolekyuli, kwizikali ze-nanometer (i-nanometer sisisigidi esinye semilimitha). Ngombulelo kobu buchule, kunokwenzeka ukwenza izinto ezintsha kunye nezixhobo ezinezakhiwo eziphuculweyo, eziye zavumela ukusetyenziswa kwazo kumacandelo afana amandla avuselelwe.
Kwintsimi ye amandla elanga, i-nanotechnology ibe nempembelelo enkulu, ngakumbi ekudalweni kwezinto eziphuculweyo uguqulo olusebenzayo yokukhanya kwelanga kumbane. Umzekelo, kuye kwenzeka ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamaphepha e-silicon abizayo, asetyenziswa kwi iipaneli zelanga, ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kwegridi ye nanoparticles zentsimbi, eye yavumela iindleko zemveliso ukuba zincitshiswe kakhulu.
I-Nanotechnology kwiiseli ze-photovoltaic
Las iiseli ze-photovoltaic bathatha inzuzo ye ukusebenza kweefotoelectric, ukuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi seli zazenziwe ngazo amaphepha e-silicon angqingqwa, nto leyo eyabenza babiza kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe nanoparticles, njenge ahlawule, yenze ukuba kube lula ukuphucula ukuxutywa kwamandla elanga ngelixa usebenzisa inani elincinci le-silicon, ukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Las nanoparticles zidityaniswe kumgangatho obhityileyo we Isilicon ngentsimbi yentsimbi. Olu lungelelwaniso luvelisa iiresonances ze-electromagnetic xa ukukhanya kwelanga kuzibetha, okwandisa ukudibanisa nezinto zesilicon. Lo mcimbi uphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli zelanga, ukuvumela ukukhanya okungakumbi ukuba kuguqulwe kube ngumbane.
Ukongeza, i-nanotechnology nayo ivumele ukudalwa kwe iiseli zelanga ezibhityileyo nezikhaphukhaphu, eyenza kube lula ukufakela kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuthutha. Oku kwenza amandla elanga ukuba afikeleleke ngakumbi kumashishini nakubantu.
Iinzuzo ze-nanotechnology kumandla elanga
Ukusetyenziswa ubuchwephesha Amandla elanga anika izibonelelo ezininzi, ezingabandakanyi nje ukusebenza kakuhle, kodwa kunye nokuqina kunye nokugcinwa kweenkqubo zelanga. Ngezantsi zezinye zezibonelelo eziphambili:
- Ukonyuka kokusebenza kwe-photovoltaic: Ngombulelo kwi-nanotechnology, kuye kwenzeka ukwandisa ukunyuswa kokukhanya kwelanga ngamapaneli elanga, okuphucula ukusebenza kwabo ekuguquleni oku kukhanya kumbane.
- Ukunciphisa iindleko: Ukuphunyezwa kwe-nanoparticles kwiiseli zelanga kwenze ukuba kube lula ukwenza inkqubo yokuvelisa ingabizi, usebenzisa i-silicon encinci kunye nezinto ezifikeleleke ngakumbi.
- Ukongezwa kobomi obuluncedo: Izinto zeNanotechnological, ezifana iinanocoatings, ukwandisa ubomi obuncedo beepaneli zelanga ngokuzenza zixhathise ngakumbi kwi-corrosion kunye nomonakalo obangelwa yindalo.
- Ukunciphisa ugcino: Ukuphuhliswa kweengubo zokuzihlambulula kuye kwanciphisa ukwakhiwa kothuli kunye nokungcola kwiipaneli zelanga, ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle ixesha elide kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yokucoca rhoqo.
Inkqubela phambili yamva nje kwi-nanotechnology isetyenziswe kumandla elanga
La ubuchwephesha ibe yeyona nto iqhubayo emva kwenkqubela phambili emininzi yamva nje kwicandelo le amandla elanga. Njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili, kuye kwaphuhliswa izicelo ezitsha ezithembisa ukutshintsha indlela esisebenzisa ngayo amandla elanga.
Olunye lolona phuhliso lubalulekileyo ibe yindalo ye izinto zokuzicoca ezivumela iipaneli zelanga ukuba zihlale zicocekile ngaphandle kwesidingo sokugcinwa rhoqo. Oku akugcini nje ukwandisa ukusebenza kwakho, kodwa kunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza. Umzekelo woku yiprojekthi yaseYurophu ISolarSharc, eye yavelisa umbandela nanoparticle ukutyabeka okuphelisa ukuqokelela uthuli kunye nokungcola kwiipaneli zelanga, ngaloo ndlela zigcina ukusebenza kwazo kwexesha elide.
Enye inkqubela phambili yamva nje kukusetyenziswa kwe perovskite nanoparticles kwiiseli zelanga. Esi sixhobo, ukongeza kwixabiso eliphantsi kune-silicon, sibonakalise ukuba sinomthamo ogqwesileyo wokubamba amandla elanga, okuvumela ukuba umbane owenziweyo wande kakhulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe izakhiwo ze-quasiperiodic Kwi-nanoscale nayo ibe yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni iipaneli zelanga. Ezi zakhiwo zivumela ukubanjwa okukhulu kwelanga kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa ngaphandle kokunyusa ngokumangalisayo iindleko zemveliso.
Iimbono zexesha elizayo ze-nanotechnology kumandla elanga
Ikamva le ubuchwephesha kwintsimi ye amandla elanga ibonakala ithembisa kakhulu. Ngophando oluqhubekayo kwi imathiriyeli esebenzayo ngakumbi y iingubo zexabiso eliphantsi, amandla elanga aya kufikeleleka ngakumbi kwaye asebenze kakuhle.
Abaphandi baphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha zokudibanisa i-nanotechnology kwiiseli zelanga ukuze bakwazi ukuvuna amandla ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi. Ezi ziquka izinto ezintsha ezifana iiseli zelanga eziguqukayo enokufakelwa kwimigangatho engalinganiyo, kwaye enokubakho kwizixhobo eziphathwayo kunye nempahla, iguqula indlela esifumana ngayo umbane.
Ngokufanayo, inkqubela phambili iibhetri ze-lithium kunye ne-electrodes ene-nanostructured inokuphucula ngokubonakalayo umthamo wokugcina amandla elanga, ukuvumela amakhaya amaninzi kunye namashishini ukuba akwazi ukuzimela ngokwawo.
Njengobuchwephesha obunje ingqiqo kunye I-Intanethi yezinto (IoT) Ukudibanisa ne-nanotechnology esetyenziswe kumandla elanga, iinkqubo zamandla avuselelekayo ziya kuba zihlakaniphile kwaye zisebenze ngakumbi. Oku kuya kuvumela ukuveliswa kwamandla ukuba kuphuculwe ngokusekelwe kwimeko yokusingqongileyo kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa ngexesha langempela.
I-Nanotechnology ayigcini nje ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweepaneli zelanga zangoku, kodwa iphinda ivule uluhlu lwamathuba okusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumandla oshishino ukuya kwi-teknoloji yasekhaya.