El ipere Sisityalo somthonyama semimandla eyinkqantosi yaseMelika, ngakumbi iMexico. Ayaziwa kuphela ngokusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-gastronomy, kodwa nangenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle i-biofuel kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amandla ayo sele eqalile ukuphononongwa ngokupheleleyo, ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokuvelisa i-biogas kunye ne-biodiesel. Eli nqaku liza kuchaza nzulu indima yecactus njengomthombo wamandla, iinkqubo zayo zebhayoloji kunye neenzuzo zayo zokusingqongileyo kunye nezoqoqosho.
Nopal njenge-biofuel
El i-nopal sisityalo esinekhalori ephezulu kunye nezivuno eziphezulu kunemithombo emininzi yemveli ye-biomass, eyenza ibe yindlela ebalaseleyo yokuvelisa i-biogas kunye ne-biodiesel. Inyaniso, Ihektare enye yecactus inokuvelisa ukuya kuma 43,200 cubic metres zebiogas okanye iilitha ezingama-25,000 zebiodiesel., ukodlula kakhulu ezinye ii-biofuels ezifana nombona okanye umoba.
Eyona nzuzo iphambili ye-nopal isekukwazini kwayo ukuphuhlisa iindawo ezomileyo, apho ezinye izityalo zingachumi kakuhle. Izikhondo zabo ziqokelela amanzi kunye ne-biomass, enokuthi isetyenziselwe ukuveliswa kwamandla. Ngaphezu koko, yakhe umxholo weswekile ephezulu ivumela imveliso ngokukhawuleza biogas ngokusebenzisa ukugaya kwe-anaerobic, inkqubo apho ii-microorganisms zibola izinto eziphilayo ngokungabikho kwe-oksijeni, ukukhulula i-biogas ehlanganiswe ngokuyinhloko ye-methane.
Ukusebenza kwamandla e-cactus
Uphononongo lubonise i imveliso ephezulu ye-nopal ngokwe biogas. Kubalwa ukuba itoni enye yecactus entsha inokuvelisa phakathi I-30 kunye ne-100 cubic metres ye-biogas, kunye nethuba lokuvelisa i-70% ye-methane, eyenza isebenze ngokukodwa kwi-biofuels. Lo msebenzi uyibeka njenge ukhetho olusebenzayo xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithombo ye-biomass, njenge-jatropha, ingqolowa okanye i-sorghum.
Ukongeza ekuveliseni i-biogas, i-nopal iyakwazi ukuvelisa i-biodiesel kwiimbewu zawo. Ezi mbewu ziqulathe umxholo obalulekileyo wee-oyile ezinokujikwa zibe zii-biofuels ezingamanzi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma yecactus ekuveliseni amandla
Inkqubo yokwetyisa kwe-anaerobic ye-cactus ivelisa izinto eziluncedo ezifana namanzi kunye nentlenga, ezityebileyo kwizondlo. Ezi byproducts zinokunyangwa ngokusebenzisa inkcubeko ukuvelisa wamatye, isichumiso esivela kwindalo esinokuphucula umgangatho womhlaba kwaye sikhuthaze izityalo. Ngaloo ndlela, inkqubo epheleleyo kunye nezinzileyo iyadalwa, apho akukho nto ichithwayo.
I-Nopal biomass: Umthombo ococekileyo nofikelelekayo
Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu ze-nopal kukuba imveliso yayo ayifuni oomatshini abantsokothileyo kwaye isivuno sayo senziwa ngesandla. Oku kuyenza ibe yindlela efikelelekayo kubavelisi abancinci nabaphakathi abafuna ukujoyina ishishini lamandla.
Ngokubhekiselele kuzinzo, i-nopal inokukhuliswa kuyo umhlaba owonakeleyo okanye womgangatho ophantsi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwamanzi kuncinci, oko komeleza ukusebenza kwayo ngokwemiqathango yokusingqongileyo. Ngaphaya koko, i-biogas eveliswa kwi-cactus ine- amandla obushushu afana nerhasi yendalo, kodwa nge ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse esezantsi, iyenza ibeyenye indawo ecocekileyo kumafutha efosili.
Imeko eMexico njengomvelisi we-nopal
IMexico ngoku lelona lizwe livelisa i-nopal, ngaphezu kweehektare ezingama-12,500 ezinikezelwe ekulimeni kwayo. Ngapha koko, ilizwe livelisa ngaphezu kwesigidi seetoni zesi sityalo nyaka ngamnye, kunye nenxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-biomass eveliswayo isetyenziselwa ukutya kunye neeprojekthi zamandla avuselelekayo.
Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokuguqula i-nopal cactus ibe yi-biogas ifumene ukubaluleka okukhethekileyo kweli lizwe, apho iinkampani ezifana NopaliMex Izityalo zoguqulo ezenza i-biogas kunye ne-biodiesel kwinkunkuma ye-cactus sele zisebenza. Ngokomzekelo, eMilpa Alta, isityalo esisebenza iitoni ezisibhozo zecactus ngosuku Inokuvelisa amandla aneleyo okukhanyisa amakhaya angaphezu kwama-9,600.
Iimodeli zokusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kwe-nopal
Ngenxa yesivuno sayo esiphezulu kunye nemfuno ephantsi yezibonelelo, i-nopal sisityalo esifanelekileyo ezolimo ezizinzileyo kunye neenkqubo zamandla. Imibutho kunye noorhulumente batyala imali iipilisi abasebenzisa i-nopal njengento ekrwada. Ezi projekthi azivelisi amandla acocekileyo kuphela, kodwa zikwanceda uluntu lwasekuhlaleni ngokudala imisebenzi.
Ngaphaya koko, ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokulima ezizinzileyo, ezinje ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwamanzi enitrogen kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezichumisi eziphilayo ezivela kwiintsalela ze-cactus kuvumela ukugcina ukuchuma komhlaba kwixesha elide, ukuphepha ukuthotywa kunye nokunciphisa umhlaba wezityalo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwecactus kwezolimo zamandla nako kunezibonelelo zentlalo, kuba ivumela uluntu lwasemaphandleni ukuba lufikelele kwimithombo emitsha yengeniso kwaye lube negalelo kutshintsho lwamandla ukuya kwiimodeli ezizinzileyo.
Uqikelelo lwexesha elizayo lwe-nopal kumandla
Ngokukhangelwa rhoqo kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, i-nopal ibalasele njengesisombululo esinokubakho kwi ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo akuqwalaselwa kuphela kwimveliso ye-biogas, kodwa kunye nokudala ihydrogen eluhlaza, omnye weyona mithombo yamandla ecocekileyo nethembisayo namhlanje.
Uphononongo olwenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseTexas luveze ukuba I-cactus nanostructures inokukhuthaza ii-catalysts ezingcono kwimveliso ye-hydrogen. Ngokuhlalutya ubume beziqu zabo, aba baphandi baye benza imodeli esekelwe kuyo biomimetics enokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla.
Okokugqibela, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo ngeendlela ezininzi, i-cactus iyaqhubeka ukuba yi-axis esisiseko kwezolimo kunye namandla azinzileyo, kunye neeprojekthi eziqhubekayo ezithembisa ukuyisa kumanqanaba amazwe ngamazwe. Le cactus ethobekileyo, isimboli senkcubeko yaseMexico, nayo isendleleni yokuba yinto ephambili ekulweni nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukufumana umhlaba ngokuchasene neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo.
Njengomphengululi ozinikele kufundo lwe-nopal njengesityalo esinamandla, ndiyabubulela ngokungazenzisiyo ubukho beli nqaku, kodwa ndicinga ukuba kungacetyiswa ukuba uthathe unonophelo ngakumbi ekubhaleni kwalo (ukuze ingazisi ukungaqondani) kwaye uphonononge amanani emveliso yokuvelisa i-biogas, ebaxiwe Ngokoluvo lwam, nakwimeko elungileyo.