Ngokuqinisekileyo wakhe weva ngamandla enyukliya kunye neengozi ezinokubakho. Ukuthintela iingozi zenyukliya, eSpain sinayo IBhunga lezoKhuseleko lweNyukliya (CSN). Liziko elizimeleyo elivela kulawulo lwaseburhulumenteni, elona njongo yalo iphambili kukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenyukliya kunye nokhuseleko kwimitha.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi yonke into enxulumene neBhunga lezoKhuseleko lweNyukliya kunye nezenzo zalo?
Imisebenzi yeBhunga lezoKhuseleko lweNyukliya
Ukuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo amandla enyukliya akukho lula. Olu hlobo lwamandla ngokwawo aluyongozi, kodwa iimeko zenkunkuma ziyiyo. Izixhobo zenyukliya zingasilela kwaye, nokuba kungalindelwanga, yintlekele efana naleyo inamava kuyo IChernobyl kunye neFukushima. Njengoko besitsho, zimbalwa iingozi zenqwelomoya, kodwa xa enye isenzeka, ibaxeke ngakumbi kunezinye iindlela zothutho.
IBhunga loKhuseleko lweNyukliya linothotho lwemisebenzi entsonkothileyo neyahlukeneyo esusela kuvavanyo phambi kokuqala kolwakhiwo lwamaziko amatsha ukuya kulawulo oluqhubekayo, kubandakanywa uphononongo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha kunye noxilongo kwiimeko zonxunguphalo.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi ephambili eyenziwa yi I-CSN oku kulandelayo kuvela:
- Uvavanyo lwezixhobo zenyukliya kuwo onke amanqanaba azo: I-CSN inoxanduva lokongamela phambi, ngexesha nasemva kokwakhiwa kwesikhululo samandla senyukliya, iqinisekisa ukuba ezona mfuno zingqongqo zokhuseleko ziyahlangatyezwa.
- Ulawulo lwe-radioactivity: Enye yeenjongo eziphambili ze-CSN kukukhusela abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo kwiingozi ezinxulumene nokusasazeka kwemitha. Ukwenza oku, iseka kwaye ilawule imilinganiselo yokukhusela ngemitha.
- Ukuthuthwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya: Ukuthuthwa kwenkunkuma yenyukliya kunye nezinto eziqhuma ngemitha kulawulwa ngokungqongqo yi-arhente ukunqanda iingozi ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwemathiriyeli yokusasazeka ngemitha.
- Ukudilizwa kolawulo: Ukuphelisa ugunyaziso lweplanti yamandla enyukliya kuthwala iingozi ezinkulu ukuba akwenziwanga ngokuchanekileyo. I-CSN iqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yokurhoxisa kunye nokudilizwa ilandela iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezingqongqo.
Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, kufuneka kwenziwe izigqibo ezininzi zobugcisa ukuqinisekisa ukupheliswa okukhuselekileyo kwamaziko agqibe ubomi bawo bokusebenza. Le nkqubo, ebizwa isigaba sokuvala, ibandakanya ukususwa kwamafutha enyukliya kunye nokhuseleko lweradiyoloji lwabasebenzi.
Ukongeza, i-CSN inoxanduva lokuvavanya iziphumo ze izixhobo zenyukliya ezingxamisekileyo eziqhutywa kwizityalo zokusebenza eSpain. Olu qeqesho luvumela iimpendulo zezehlo ukuba zivavanywe kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba iiprothokholi zikaxakeka zilungelelaniswe kakuhle.
Ulwakhiwo lwe-CSN
IBhunga loKhuseleko lweNyukliya (CSN) lenziwe yibhodi yabalawuli abahlanu abacebisi, abanyulwe phakathi kweengcaphephe zecandelo elinamanqanaba aphezulu emfundo yobugcisa kunye nesombululo kwiinkalo zokhuseleko lwenyukliya kunye nokhuseleko ngemitha.
Abacebisi banalo iqela lamagcisa akhethekileyo amalunga nama-400, abumba iQela lobuGcisa loKhuseleko lweNyukliya kunye noKhuseleko lweRadiological. Ezi ngcali zibonelela ngenkxaso ethe ngqo kwaye ziyaqhubeka nokuvavanya iimeko zamaziko, amanqanaba e-radioactive kunye nemimiselo ekhoyo ngoku esebenzayo kuzwelonke nakwihlabathi jikelele.
Iziko ngalinye lamandla enyukliya eSpain linabahloli ababini abasisigxina be-CSN, abanakho ukulawula ukusebenza kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokhuseleko ziyalandelwa yonke imihla. Banofikelelo kuwo onke amaxwebhu kunye neenkqubo zeplanti, ngoko indima yabo njengabaphicothi-zincwadi ibalulekile ekuthinteleni iingozi zenyukliya.
Iingxelo ezikhutshwe ngaba bahloli zirekhodwa kwaye zithunyelwa kwi-CSN yonke imihla. ESpain kukho izixhobo zenyukliya ezisibhozo ezisebenzayo kwaye zonke zisoloko zibekwe esweni. Abahloli be-CSN basebenza yonke imihla yonyaka, ngaphandle kokukhetha, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into isebenza kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo.
I-CSN ikwasebenza ngokubambisana namanye amaziko kaRhulumente kwaye iseka ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe yokhuseleko lwenyukliya ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zoqeqesho kunye nokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko.
Izakhono
Izakhono zeBhunga loKhuseleko lweNyukliya zibanzi kwaye zahlukene. Ngezantsi luxanduva lwayo olubalulekileyo:
Ukunqunyanyiswa kwemisebenzi: Kwimeko apho kukho iimpawu zengozi, ezifana nokusasazeka kwemitha engaphezulu okanye ukusilela kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko, i-CSN inegunya lokunqumamisa ukusebenza kwesixhobo senyukliya okanye ukumisa ukwakhiwa kwaso.
Ulawulo lwelayisensi: Bonke abantu abanoxanduva lokusebenza kwezixhobo zamandla enyukliya kufuneka babe nelayisensi efanelekileyo enikwe yiCSN. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bayaqeqeshwa kwaye banolwazi olupheleleyo ngeengozi ezilawulwayo.
Ukhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo: I-CSN ivavanya impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezixhobo zenyukliya kwaye iseke indlela yokukhetha ukuze ezi mpembelelo zingonakalisi inkqubo yendalo okanye abantu abakufutshane nezityalo.
Ukongeza, i-CSN yenza izifundo zokujonga imeko yokusingqongileyo ukufumana imithombo enokubakho yokungcoliseka kweradioactive kwindawo yaseSpain. Omnye weyona mizekelo yakutsha nje ibikukubekwa esweni kweziphumo zemitha yeradiyoloji emva kwengozi yaseFukushima.
I-CSN, ke ngoko, ayijonganga kuphela impilo-ntle ekhawulezileyo yoluntu, kodwa kunye neziphumo zexesha elide ezinokubakho zemitha yemitha kokusingqongileyo kunye notshintsho olunokuthi lubangele kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Kufuneka wenze ntoni ngexesha likaxakeka?
Kwimeko yonxunguphalo lwenyukliya, i-CSN inenkqubo yokusabela ngokukhawuleza equka ukubhengezwa kwemeko yonxunguphalo kunye nokusebenza kwe-CSN's Emergency Response Organisation (ORE). Amanqanaba kaxakeka ahlelwa ngokohlobo lwesehlo:
- Unxunguphalo lweNyukliya: Kwenzeka xa kukho ingxaki yobuchwepheshe kwisixhobo senyukliya okanye inkunkuma yenyukliya enokumela ingozi
- Unxunguphalo ngemitha: Ibhengezwa xa amanqanaba okusasazeka kwemitha engaphaya kwemida evumelekileyo kwaye inokuba yingozi ebantwini okanye kokusingqongileyo.
I-CSN isebenzisana nabasemagunyeni kwaye ivule igumbi layo likaNgxamiseko (iSalem). I-Salem isebenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, yonke imihla yonyaka, ibeka iliso kwiziganeko kunye neemeko ezifuna isenzo se-CSN. Kwimeko apho imeko engxamisekileyo ibhengezwe kwiplanti yenyukliya, i-CSN ihlanganisa amagcisa ayo kwaye iseke unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo nabasemagunyeni besixhobo esichaphazelekayo ukuvavanya imeko kwaye bagqibe amanyathelo amawalandele.
Emva kokuba ubungakanani bemeko yongxamiseko sele bumiselwe, i-CSN yenza uvavanyo kunye noxilongo oluya kuvumela ukuba iingcebiso eziyimfuneko zikhutshwe. Oku kuquka ukufuduswa kweendawo ezingqonge umzi-mveliso, ukuvalelwa okwexeshana okanye ukuhanjiswa kweepilisi ezine-iodine ukukhusela abantu kwimitha.
Ukongeza, iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano zisekwe kunye neendaba zangaphandle, ezivumela amagcisa akhethekileyo avela kwamanye amaziko ukuba angenelele.
Ukungenelela kwe-CSN kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabemi kwixesha elifutshane, ukuseka iingcingo zokhuseleko kunye nezicwangciso zengozi.
Isishwankathelo, umsebenzi we-CSN ubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwenyukliya eSpain. Ubume bayo kunye nesakhono sayo siyivumela ukuba idlale indima ephambili ekongameleni, ekuphononongeni nakwixesha likaxakeka, ivumela amandla enyukliya ukuba asetyenziswe ngokhuseleko oluphezulu kangangokuba abemi kunye nokusingqongileyo bakhuseleke.