Iinqanawa zikhupha ii-greenhouse gases kwiatmosfera ngenxa yokutsha kwefosili yokusebenza kweinjini. Izibuko leBarcelona izimisele ukuthatha amanyathelo akhawulezileyo ukunciphisa imo yokusingqongileyo kwaye iqhubeke nokuqhuba inguqu yayo kumandla acocekileyo. Enye yeentsika eziphambili zolu tshintsho yi igesi yendalo engamanzi (LNG), isibaso esiye sasetyenziswa leli zibuko njengenxalenye yesicwangciso salo sokuphucula umgangatho womoya kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko.
Umxholo kunye neenjongo zesicwangciso sokuphucula umgangatho womoya
IPort of Barcelona iphumeze yayo Isicwangciso sokuPhuculwa koMgangatho woMoya njengenye yeendlela zayo zamabhongo zokulwa nongcoliseko oluveliswa ngumsebenzi wayo. Eyona njongo iphambili yesi sicwangciso kukunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo ezingcolisekileyo kunye nokubeka izibuko njengophawu lozinzo kwibala lamazwe ngamazwe.
Elinye lamanyathelo aphambili esicwangciso kukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe igesi yendalo engamanzi (LNG) phakathi kweenqanawa ezisebenza emanzini ayo. I-LNG sisibaso esicocekileyo esinciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ezingcolisayo, ezifana neeoksidi zesulfure kunye nenitrogen oxides. Ngokwezifundo zamva nje, ukusetyenziswa kwe-LNG kunokunciphisa ukuya kuthi ga 92,6% ukukhutshwa kwe-NOx, emele inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo kumlo ochasene nongcoliseko kwiindawo zamazibuko.
Ukongeza ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa kwe-LNG, i-Port of Barcelona iphumeze a iibhonasi zoqoqosho kwiinqanawe ezicocekileyo kwaye zisebenzise le mafutha angenye. Injongo kukutsala izithuthi zaselwandle ezininzi ezinokukhutshwa okuphantsi kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezibuko esixekweni.
Idatha yamva nje malunga nokuphunyezwa kwe-LNG kwichweba laseBarcelona
Ngo-2023, iPort of Barcelona ikwazile ukuzihlanganisa njenge indawo ephambili kwiMeditera ukubonelela nge-LNG kwiinqanawa. Ebudeni baloo nyaka, li-199 lilonke imisebenzi yobonelelo eyenziwayo, ekhokelele kwitotali ye I-143.000 cubic metres ye-LNG, eliphinda kabini inani lonyaka wokugqibela wereferensi, ka-2021.
Esinye sezitshixo zokuphumelela kwinguqu kwi-LNG ibe kukugunyaziswa kwenqanawa Haugesund Knutsen, enomthamo we-5.000 m3 yeLNG. Lo mkhumbi, ulawulwa ngokurhweba ngabakwaShell, wenze ukuba kube lula ukusebenza konikezelo, ukunciphisa ixesha lokulayisha libe phakathi kweeyure ezintathu ukuya kwezine kwinqanawa nganye.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-LNG ngeenqanawa ezifowunela e-Barcelona imele ukuncitshiswa okunzulu kokukhutshwa kongcoliseko. I Iinqanawa ze-618 ze-LNG-powered eyadlula kwizibuko ngo-2023 ibe negalelo ekucuthweni kwe Iitoni ezingama-400 zenitrogen oxides (NOx), i-10% yokukhutshwa kwe-NOx iyonke eyenziwa yiyo yonke i-traffic traffic kwi-port.
Iinzuzo zokusebenzisa irhasi yendalo engamanzi
El igesi yendalo engamanzi Ayigcini nje ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-NOx, kodwa inegalelo ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuphelisa i-100% yezinto ezikhutshwayo iioksidi zesulfure (SOx) kunye namasuntswana. Ukongeza, yehlisa izinto ezikhutshwayo phakathi kwe-20% kunye ne-30%. CO2, enceda ukunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu.
I-LNG ithathelwa ingqalelo European Union njenge a amafutha enguqu eququzelela ukulungelelaniswa kweziseko ezingundoqo ezibhekiselele kwixesha elizayo apho izibaso ezikhutshwa qanda, ezifana ne-bio-LNG, i-hydrogen okanye i-ammonia, ziya kusetyenziswa. Ngale ndlela, amazibuko, anje ngeBarcelona, alungele ukwenza umtsi ukuya kumandla acocekileyo xa obu buchwepheshe bukhula.
Izicwangciso zozinzo lwexesha elizayo kwizibuko laseBarcelona
Ichweba laseBarcelona aliyeki ekusebenziseni i-LNG, ekubeni yalo Isicwangciso seTransición Energética ibandakanya iiprojekthi namabhongo ngakumbi ukunciphisa icarbon footprint yayo. Esi sicwangciso simisela injongo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ngokuthi 50% ngo-2030 kunye nokujika izibuko libe liziseko ezingundoqo Ikhabhoni engathathi hlangothi Yonyaka we-2050.
Eyona projekthi iqaphelekayo kwesi sicwangciso linyathelo lokuqala Nexigen, eqwalasela ukufakelwa kombane kwiidokhi ukwenzela ukuba iinqanawa zikwazi ukudibanisa kwigridi yombane xa zifakwe. Oku kuya kuthintela iinqanawa ekubeni zisebenzise iinjini zazo ezincedisayo, nto leyo eya kuba negalelo elikhulu ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo.
Omnye umba weSicwangciso soTshintsho lwaMandla kulwakhiwo lwe imethanol eluhlaza ngaphakathi kwezixhobo zezibuko. La mafutha angakhutshwanga gazi aya kusetyenziselwa ukuqhuba iinqanawa kwaye aya kubonisa ukuqhubela phambili okukhulu malunga nokususwa kwekhabhoni kuthutho lwaselwandle.
Imicelimngeni ekufuneka sijongane nayo kunye namathuba exesha elizayo
Ngaphandle kwempumelelo ye-LNG, iPort of Barcelona ijongene nemingeni kwiminyaka ezayo. Ukunyuka kwehlabathi kwamaxabiso egesi yendalo ngenxa yemfazwe e-Ukraine ngo-2022 kuchaphazele ukusetyenziswa kwale mafutha, nangona ukuqheleka kwamaxabiso, kunye nenkuthazo yezoqoqosho kwiinqanawa ezicocekileyo, kulindeleke ukuba kwandiswe ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwixesha elizayo elingekude.
Ukongeza, izibuko lifunda ukuba nokwenzeka kokwakha umzi-mveliso we biomethane kwinkunkuma. Le mafutha e-carbon-neutral iya kuba sisigaba esilandelayo malunga nokuzinza kwezibuko kwaye iya kuthatha indawo ye-LNG ekuqhubeni kweenqanawa.
Ichweba laseBarcelona lizibophelele ekuqhubekeni liziqhelanisa nemigaqo yaseYurophu kwezinye iifutha. Ngapha koko, izibuko liye laqatshelwa njengenye yezokuqala ukuba neziseko zoncedo eziyimfuneko zobonelelo lwe-LNG, kubandakanywa ukukwazi ukusebenza kusetyenziswa iilori zetanki, izikhephe kunye nezityalo zokubuyisela kwakhona.
Izibuko laseBarcelona liphambili kutshintsho olusingise kumandla acocekileyo kwibala lolwandle. Ngombulelo kwiinzame zayo, ikwazile ukunciphisa ngokubonakalayo ungcoliseko esixekweni kwaye yabeka isiseko sekamva elingenanto ikhutshwayo.