Argentina Lelinye lawona mazwe makhulu kwaye ligqamile ngophuhliso lwayo kwicandelo lezolimo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kunjalo kumazwe amaninzi aneendawo zasemaphandleni ezinkulu, iindawo ezininzi zikude kumaziko asezidolophini kwaye ngenxa yoko zijongene neengxaki zokufikelela kwiinkonzo ezisisiseko ezifana eLuzi, umbane, gesi namanzi okusela.
Ukujongana nale meko, itekhnoloji ephambili iqalisile ukusetyenziswa kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo: iipilisi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuye kwanda kakhulu kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, ngakumbi ngenxa yokulula ukuphunyezwa kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo abazinikelayo. I-Biodigesters ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwenkunkuma kwiifama zobisi, iifama kunye namanye amashishini ezolimo eArgentina.
Yintoni iBiodigester?
I-biodigester sisixhobo esiphatha inkunkuma ephilayo yesilwanyana okanye imvelaphi yezityalo ukuvelisa iimveliso ezimbini ezixabisekileyo: biogas kunye biofertilizer. Ngokubeka inkunkuma enjengomgquba okanye iintsalela zezityalo ngaphakathi kwe-biodigester, phantsi kwendawo evaliweyo nengenayo i-oksijini (inkqubo yokugaya i-anaerobic), iibhaktheriya zibola izinto eziphilayo, zivelisa i-biogas kunye nesichumisi esinesondlo.
I-biogas eveliswayo ngumxube weegesi, ngakumbi i-methane (CH4) kunye ne-carbon dioxide (CO2), enokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: ukupheka, ukufudumeza amanzi, kunye nokuvelisa umbane ngokusebenzisa iijenereyitha zegesi. Le gesi iyafana nerhasi yendalo kwaye inokugcinwa okanye isetyenziswe kwangoko.
Intsalela eqinileyo okanye engamanzi eshiyekileyo emva kwenkqubo yokwetyisa yinto ebizwa ngokuba yiyo biofertilizer. La manzi amdaka atyebile kwinitrogen, phosphorus kunye ne potassium, nto leyo eyenza ibe sisichumisi esigqwesileyo kumhlaba wezolimo, ukwandisa imveliso yezityalo ngokwemvelo.
Izibonelelo zeBiodigesters kwiLizwe laseArgentina
E-Argentina, i-biodigesters ayisombululi kuphela iingxaki zokulawula inkunkuma kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, kodwa inika uluhlu lweenzuzo eziphambili ezichaza ukuthandwa kwazo okukhulayo. Nazi ezinye zezibonelelo eziphawulekayo:
- Ukuveliswa kwe-biogas ukuze kusetyenziswe imisebenzi emininzi: Isebenzisa inkunkuma ephilayo yemvelaphi yezilwanyana kunye nezityalo, i-biodigesters ivelisa i-biogas, enokuthi isetyenziselwe ukupheka, ukufudumeza amakhaya kunye nokuvelisa umbane omncinci.
- Ukuzinza kokusingqongileyo: Ngokunciphisa ubungakanani benkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo eziphela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye kwiindawo zokulahla, unciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ze-greenhouse ezifana ne-methane, enempembelelo enkulu ngokuphindwe ka-25 kukufudumala kwehlabathi xa kuthelekiswa ne-CO2.
- Isichumisi sendalo: I-byproduct ye-biodigester yi-biofertilizer enokubuyiselwa kwintsimi ukutyebisa umhlaba wezolimo, ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zekhemikhali.
- Ukuzimela kwamandla: Kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni apho ukufikelela kombane kunqongophele okanye kungekho, i-biodigester inika umthombo othembekileyo wamandla avuselelekayo.
Ezi ngenelo ziye zamkelwa ngokubanzi kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Kumazwe afana neJamani kunye neBrazil, ukusetyenziswa kwe-biodigester kuphuhliswe kakhulu kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, ukuvelisa umbane, i-biogas kunye nezichumisi eziphantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi elinegalelo ekuphuculeni ukukhuphisana kwecandelo lezolimo.
Ukuphunyezwa kweBiodigesters eArgentina
E-Argentina, i-biodigesters isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifama zobisi, iifama zeehagu kunye neminye imisebenzi yezolimo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba zingaphezu kwama-50 iinkqubo zolu hlobo elizweni ezisasazwe kumaphondo ahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, eli nani liyaqhubeka likhula njengoko abavelisi beqaphela izibonelelo zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo abazinikelayo.
Iindleko zokufakela i-biodigester ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nomthamo, kodwa ngokubanzi, umlinganiselo weendleko-inzuzo uthandeka kakhulu, ekubeni uhlawula ngokwawo kwiminyaka embalwa ngenxa yokonga kwigalelo lamandla kunye nezichumisi.
Amabali empumelelo eArgentina
Kwiidolophu ezisemaphandleni njengaye IiPines, idolophu encinci enabemi ngokulambisa 300, iplanti biogas iye yaphunyezwa eguqula inkunkuma yezolimo ibe amandla kunye biofertilizers. Lo mzamo odibeneyo phakathi koluntu, i-INTA, i-CONICET kunye ne-INTI ivumele i-biogas eyenziwe ukuba isetyenziswe ukubonelela ngombane kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana neepompo zamanzi okusela kunye nokukhanyisa koluntu.
Omnye umzekelo unokufumaneka kwi INtsebenziswano yezoLimo neMfuyo yaseMonje kwiphondo laseSanta Fe. Le ntsebenziswano isebenzisa i-biodigester efakwe ngo-2018 ukunyanga ukungcola kwifama yeehagu kwaye iguqulelwe kwi-biogas kunye ne-biofertilizers. I-biogas ivelise amandla kwi-injini eyenza umbane weplanti yeoli kunye nezinye izixhobo zentsebenziswano. Le biodigester ikwanegalelo ekunciphiseni kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwemethane kummandla.
Isebenza njani iBiodigester?
I-biodigester isebenza ngokubola kwe-anaerobic. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinto eziphilayo, ezifana nenkunkuma yezilwanyana (umgquba) okanye inkunkuma yezityalo (intsalela yezityalo), iboliswa ziibhaktheriya kwindawo engena-oksijini. Le nkqubo ivelisa i-biogas kwaye ishiya ulwelo kunye nesichumiso sendalo esiqinileyo njengenkunkuma.
Ukufakelwa kwe-biodigester kubandakanya izinto ezintathu eziphambili:
- Igumbi lokwetyisa: Le yitanki evalekileyo evalekileyo apho inkunkuma ephilayo ifakwa kunye namanzi ukuqalisa inkqubo yokubola.
- Indawo yokugcina i-Biogas: Njengoko iintsholongwane ziwucoca lo mbandela, imethane iyakhululwa ize igcinwe kwigumbi eliphezulu ukuze isetyenziswe kamva.
- Iziphumo zeBiofertilizer: Emva kokuba inkqubo yokwetyisa igqityiwe, i-biofertilizer itsalwa kwi-biodigester ukuze isetyenziswe kumasimi ezolimo.
Ixesha elifunekayo ukuvelisa i-biogas ngaphakathi kwe-biodigester inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwenkunkuma esetyenziswayo kunye neemeko zobushushu, kodwa ngokubanzi kuthatha phakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-40 yeentsuku.
Iintlobo zeBiodigesters kwiLizwe laseArgentina
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-biodigester ezifanelekileyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi yezolimo. Ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:
- I-biodigesters encinci: Ezi zilungele iifama zentsapho okanye iindawo ezincinci. Umthamo wayo unokuvelisa i-biogas eyaneleyo yokupheka okanye ukufudumeza.
- Ii-biodigesters eziphakathi nezinkulu: Zisetyenziswa kwiifama zemfuyo kunye neefama ezinkulu zobisi apho ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma yezilwanyana kuphezulu. Umthamo wayo uvumela ukuba ivelise amandla okwaneleyo ukunika amandla ofakelo olukhulu, olufana nezixhobo zombane kunye neepompo.
Kwiindawo ezinjengephondo laseBuenos Aires, i-Entre Ríos neSanta Fe, iifama ezininzi zeehagu sele zisebenzisa i<em>biodigester ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Kwimeko yeendawo zokuqandusela ezinoomama abangaphezu kwe-1000, njengaseMarcos Paz, amandla aveliswa nge-biogas eveliswayo anele ukunika amandla kulo lonke eli ziko.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-biodigesters nako kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwindalo. Ezi nkqubo zibonakaliswe ukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, ingakumbi i-methane, ekhutshwa ngobuninzi ngokubola kwenkunkuma ephilayo ukuba ifakwe kwiindawo ezivulekileyo zokulahla okanye kwiichibi.
Ngaphezu koko, ngokuyiphatha ngokufanelekileyo inkunkuma, banegalelo ekuphuculeni umgangatho womoya namanzi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, ukunciphisa ukwanda kwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo kunye nokuthintela ukungcoliswa kwe-aquifer nge-leachate.
Okokugqibela, ukusetyenziswa kwe-biofertilizers kuvelisa umjikelo olungileyo kwezolimo, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwizichumisi zekhemikhali kunye nokukhuthaza iindlela ezizinzileyo zomhlaba.
Lilonke, i-biodigesters e-Argentina idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ulimo oluzinzileyo ngelixa ibonelela ngezisombululo ezisebenzayo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni ezixinwe ngamandla. Ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, ngokumalunga nenkxaso-mali kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu, obu buchwepheshe bunokuba ngundoqo ekuphumezeni iinjongo ezibanzi zokuzinza kunye nokuzimela kwicandelo lezolimo lelizwe.