Amandla esola iyaqhubeka ikhula ekuthandeni njengenye yemithombo ekhokelayo yamandla ahlaziyekayo kwihlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, omnye wemingeni emikhulu usahleli ugcino olusebenzayo yaloo mandla ukuze isetyenziswe kamva. Kulo mxholo, i iibhetri zelanga ze-lithium Ziye zaba sisisombululo esiphambili sokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla awenziwe ngamapaneli e-photovoltaic. Ezi bhetri zineempawu ezenza ukuba zibe nomtsalane kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuzisebenzisa ngokwakho kufakelo lwelanga.
Kweli nqaku, sichaza ngokweenkcukacha yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga neebhetri zelanga ze-lithium, ukusebenza kwazo, iimpawu zabo zobugcisa kunye neenzuzo ezinokunikela ngaphezu kwezinye iindlela ezikhoyo ngoku.
Ziziphi iibhetri zelanga ze-lithium?
Iibhetri zelanga zeLithium, ezaziwa ngokuba ziibhetri ze-lithium-ion, zi iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ombane eyilelwe ngokukodwa ukubamba nokugcina amandla aveliswa ziipaneli zelanga. Ezi bhetri zixhotyiswe ngeeseli zombane ezisebenzisa ityuwa ye-lithium njenge-electrolyte, ezivumela ukuba zigcine kwaye zikhulule amandla kunye nokusebenza kwamandla aphezulu.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwiibhetri ze-lithium kukukwazi kwabo hlaziya ngokukhawuleza kunye nobomi bayo obude obuluncedo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeebhetri zofakelo lwelanga ezifana neebhetri ze-lead-acid. Ndiyabulela kule nto, okwangoku yiyona ndlela ingcono kakhulu yokusetyenziswa kwe-photovoltaic yofakelo olufunayo ukuzimela okuphezulu emini, ukuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba asebenzise amandla agciniweyo naxa kungekho mitha yelanga yaneleyo, njengasebusuku okanye ngeentsuku ezinamafu.
Ukongeza, ezi bhetri zibonelela ngenzuzo yokuba ziimodyuli, okuthetha ukuba zinokuba njalo qhagamshela iiyunithi ezininzi ngokweemfuno zamandla zekhaya ngalinye okanye indawo nganye.
Iintlobo zeebhetri zelanga ze-lithium
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeebhetri zelanga ze-lithium, nganye ineempawu ezahlukeneyo ezihambelana nezicelo kunye neemfuno ezahlukeneyo. Bonke babelana ngesakhiwo esisisiseko esifanayo, kodwa amacandelo abo ahluke, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kwabo, amandla kunye nokhuseleko.
Phakathi kweentlobo eziphambili zeebhetri zelanga ze-lithium, sifumana:
- Iibhetri zeLithium/Cobalt oxide (LCO): Zezona zixhaphakileyo kwizixhobo zombane ezifana neeselfowuni kunye neelaptops. Bane- ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, oku kuthetha ukuba banokugcina isixa esikhulu samandla kwindawo encinci. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi babo bufutshane xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo kwaye banikezela ngokhuseleko oluphantsi lobushushu, nto leyo ebenza ukuba basebenze kancinci kwizicelo zelanga.
- Iibhetri zeLithium/Iron Phosphate (LFP): Ziyinketho ekhuthazwayo kakhulu yofakelo lokusebenzisa i-solar self-consumption. Bane- Ubomi obude obuluncedo kunye nokuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal, okubenza bakhuseleke ngakumbi. Ukongezelela, bamelana nokukhutshwa okunzulu ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwabo, okulungele ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwiifakelo ze-photovoltaic. Olu lolona hlobo lusetyenziswayo lwebhetri kwizicelo zelanga.
- Ibhetri yeLithium/Nickel-Manganese Oxide (NMC): Ezi bhetri zidibanisa ukuzinza kwe-manganese kunye nokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu e-nickel, okwenza kube yinto ekhethekileyo yokukhetha kuzo zombini izithuthi zombane kunye neenkqubo zokugcina ilanga apho ukulingana phakathi komthamo ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kuyadingeka.
- Iibhetri zeLithium ezine-inverter edibeneyo: Ezi ziibhetri ze-lithium esele ziquka i-inverter yangaphakathi, eyenza ukufakela kwabo kwiinkqubo zelanga kube lula kuba banokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kunye namanye amacandelo ofakelo. Ezi bhetri ziya zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokulula kwazo ukudibanisa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni, zonke iibhetri ze-lithium zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ngokubhekiselele kumthamo wamandla, ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuqina.
Izinto eziluncedo kwiibhetri ze-lithium zamandla elanga
Iibhetri zeLithium zibonelela ngenani leenzuzo ezibalaseleyo ngaphezu kobunye ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla, ngakumbi xa zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zamandla e-photovoltaic yelanga. Ezi zezinye zezona ziphawuleka kakhulu:
- Uxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu: Iibhetri ze-lithium zinokugcina amandla amaninzi ngeyunithi nganye yobunzima kunye nevolumu kuneebhetri ze-asidi zemveli. Oku kuthetha ukuba bahleli indawo encinci kwaye inobunzima obuncinci kakhulu, iyenza ilunge kufakelo apho indawo incinyiweyo.
- Ubomi obude obuluncedo: Iibhetri zeLithium zinokunikezela ukuya kuthi ga I-6.000 yentlawulo kunye nemijikelo yokukhupha, elilingana neminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 yokusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo. Ukongeza, banokukhutshwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% yomthamo wabo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ubomi babo obude, ngelixa ezinye iibhetri, ezinjengeebhetri ze-lead-acid, zihlupheka ukuba zikhutshiwe ngaphezu kwe-50%.
- Ukusebenza okuphezulu ekulayisheni nasekukhupheni: Iibhetri zeLithium zisebenza ngokugqithisileyo, zinoguqulo olusebenzayo phakathi kwentlawulo kunye nokukhutshwa 90-95%. Oku kuthetha ukuba phantse onke amandla agciniweyo anokubuyiselwa.
- Ulondolozo oluncinci: Ngenxa yeteknoloji ye-lithium-ion, ezi ntlobo zeebhetri Akukho sondlo sifunekayo rhoqo. Akukho mfuneko yokuzalisa kwakhona i-electrolytes okanye ukucoca ngamaxesha athile.
- Akukho kukhutshwa kweegesi ezinetyhefu: Ngokungafaniyo neebhetri ze-asidi zendabuko, iibhetri ze-lithium azikhuphi iikhemikhali okanye iigesi ezinobuthi, ezizenza zikhuseleke kakhulu kwaye zizinzile.
Ukungalungi kweebhetri ze-lithium
Ngaphandle kwezibonelelo zabo ezininzi, iibhetri ze-lithium zikwanoluhlu lwezinto ezingalunganga ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo:
- Ixabiso lokuqala liphezulu: Iibhetri ze-lithium zibiza kakhulu kuneebhetri ze-asidi yelothe. Nangona ixabiso liye lehla kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iindleko zayo zokuqala zisaphezulu, ezinokuthi zibe ngumqobo kubasebenzisi abathile.
- Ukurisayikilisha: Iibhetri zeLithium, nangona zingangcolisi kangako kunezinye iindlela, zisenemingeni ngokwemiqathango yazo kwakhona ekupheleni kobomi bayo obuluncedo. Okwangoku, ukurisayikilishwa akusebenzi kakuhle kwaye kufuna iinkqubo ezibiza imali eninzi nezintsokothileyo.
- Ukuxhomekeka kwiLithium: I-Lithium isisityebi esinesiphelo kwaye ukutsalwa kwayo kunye nokuveliswa kwayo kukhawulelwe kwiindawo ezithile, oku kuthetha ukuba amaxabiso e-lithium anokuguquguquka ngokuhamba kwexesha, okuchaphazela iindleko zebhetri zizonke.
Indlela yokukhetha ibhetri ye-lithium yofakelo lwakho lwelanga
Ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo sokuthenga ibhetri ye-lithium yofakelo lwelanga, kukho izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhetha inkqubo efanelekileyo:
- Ubungakanani bebhetri: Umthamo ulinganiswa ngeekilowatt-iiyure (kWh) kwaye ngowona mba ubalulekileyo xa ukhetha ibhetri. Ikhaya eliqhelekileyo lingadinga phakathi 4 kunye ne-10 kWh umthamo wemini epheleleyo yokugcina.
- Ubunzulu bokukhutshwa: Le yipesenti yomthamo opheleleyo webhetri enokusetyenziswa phambi kokuba itshajwe kwakhona. Kwiibhetri ze-lithium, ubunzulu bokukhutshwa (DoD) kufuneka bube buncinci 80%.
- Ukuhambelana ne-Inverter: Ayizizo zonke iibhetri ezihambelanayo nazo zonke ii-inverters zelanga, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri ekhethiweyo inokudibanisa nenkqubo.
- Ukulayisha kunye nokukhulula ngokufanelekileyo: Khangela iibhetri ezine a uhambo oluphezulu olusebenzayo, eya kuqinisekisa ukuba uninzi lwamandla agciniweyo angasetyenziswa.
Iibhetri zelanga zeLithium zizenzele njengenye yezona ndlela zingcono zokugcina amandla aveliswa kukufakelwa kwelanga. Nangona iindleko zayo zokuqala ziphezulu, ukugcinwa kwexesha elide, ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kulungelelanisa olu tyalo-mali, ngakumbi ukuba ukuzimela kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwigridi yombane eqhelekileyo ifunwa. Njengoko itekhnoloji yezi bhetri iqhubeka iphucuka, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ziya kuqhubeka zilolona khetho lukhethwayo kwabo babheja ngamandla avuselelekayo.