Amandla e-eolic ithatha indima ebalulekileyo kutshintsho olusingise kwimodeli yamandla ecocekileyo nezinzileyo. Ukuba ngumthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo, ayincedi kuphela ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kodwa ikwabonelela ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo anokuthelekiswa neminye imithombo efana namalahle okanye amandla enyukliya. Ngenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, iifama zomoya zilawula ukuvelisa umbane ngokufanelekileyo nangexabiso eliphantsi. Kweli nqaku siza kuphanda kwiimpawu, iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kwamandla omoya.
Yintoni amandla omoya
Amandla e-eolic Luhlobo lwamandla afumaneka ngokubophelela amandla ekinetic omoya ukuwaguqula abe ngamandla omatshini, anokuguqulwa abe ngumbane. Le nkqubo iqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa ii-wind turbines, izixhobo ezisebenzisa umoya ukujikeleza ii-blades zazo, ezidityaniswe nejeneretha yombane eguqula intshukumo ibe ngumbane.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zomoya kukuba ngumthombo ongapheliyo, ngoko La mandla acocekile, ayahlaziyeka kwaye awavelisi kukhutshwa kungcoliseko. Oku kuyenza ibe yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwethu kumafutha efosili.
Ehlabathini lonke, iinkokeli zemveliso yamandla omoya yi-United States, iJamani, i-China, i-Indiya kunye ne-Spain. KwiLatin America, iBrazil ingumlimi ophambili. Kwimeko yaseSpain, malunga ne-18% yemfuno yombane yelizwe igutyungelwe ngumthombo wamandla, omele ubonelelo lwezindlu ezimalunga ne-12 lezigidi.
Asebenza njani amandla omoya?
Ukusebenza kweinjini yomoya kubandakanya ukuguqula intshukumo yomoya ibe ngamandla ombane. I-injini yomoya yenziwe yinqaba, i-nacelle egcina izinto eziphambili, kunye neencakuba. Xa umoya ubetha iincakuba, ziyajikeleza, nto leyo eyenza intshukumo yerotor eqhagamshelwe kwijenereyitha.
Ijenereyitha iguqula amandla omatshini avela kwirotor abe ngamandla ombane ngokusebenzisa intsimi ye-electromagnetic eyenziwe ziimagnethi. Umbane oveliswayo emva koko uthunyelwa kwisikhululo esingaphantsi ngeentambo, ukusuka apho usasazwa kwigridi yombane ukuze ufikelele kubathengi.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ii-blades ze-wind turbine zinokufikelela kwisantya ukuya kwi-70 km / h, ezivumela ukuba zivelise umthamo omkhulu wombane. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kweeinjini zomoya kuxhomekeke kwisantya somoya, ukuba siphezulu xa siphakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-40 km/h.
Izinto eziluncedo zamandla omoya
Amandla omoya anenani elikhulu leenzuzo ezenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokuvelisa umbane. Makhe sijonge ezinye eziphambili.
Ayipheli kwaye ithatha indawo encinci
Umoya ngumthombo ongapheliyo, kuba uhlala ukho kwi-atmosfera. Oku kunika ukuqina okungapheliyo, okuyinzuzo enkulu ngaphezu kweminye imithombo yamandla exhomekeke kwizibonelelo ezinomda. Ukongeza, iifama zomoya zithatha indawo encinci xa kuthelekiswa namanye amandla avuselelekayo, afana nelanga. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ufakelo lwe-injini yomoya luyabuyiselwa umva, oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaba unokubuyiselwa xa ungasasetyenziswa.
Ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili
Ngokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kobuchwepheshe bomoya, amazwe anokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwawo kumafutha efosili afana neoyile okanye igesi. La mafutha avelisa izixa ezikhulu zeegesi zegreenhouse, ezikhawulezisa ukutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngokwahluka kwemithombo yamandla, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo iyancitshiswa.
Amandla acocekileyo
Olunye lweempawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zamandla omoya kukuba akavelisi izinto ezikhutshwayo ezingcolisa umoya. Ayifuni iinkqubo zokutsha, oku kuthetha ukuba ayivelisi inkunkuma enetyhefu okanye igalelo ekuphumeni kweegesi ze-greenhouse. Oku kuyenza ibe yenye yeendlela ezizinzileyo zokuvelisa umbane.
Iindleko zokusebenza eziphantsi
Nje ukuba utyalo-mali lokuqala lwenziwe kwiziseko ezingundoqo zefama yomoya, iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwazo ziphantsi. Oku kwenza amandla omoya akhuphisane, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nemithombo yamandla esekwe kwifosili yemveli.
Ukuhambelana neminye imisebenzi
Inzuzo eyongezelelweyo yeefama zomoya kukuba azikhupheli ngaphandle ezinye iintshukumo zoqoqosho kwindawo enye. Ufakelo oluninzi lomoya luhlala kunye nezolimo kunye nemfuyo, ngaphandle kokuchaphazela le misebenzi yemveliso. Oku kwandisa ukusetyenziswa komhlaba okhoyo.
Ukungalungi kwamandla omoya
Nangona kukho iinzuzo ezininzi, amandla omoya nawo anezinye iingxaki ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo.
Ukuxhomekeka emoyeni
Enye yeengxaki eziphambili ngamandla omoya kukuba ixhomekeke kubukho bomoya. Iiinjini zomoya zifuna ukuba umoya uvuthuze ngesantya esifanelekileyo ukuvelisa umbane ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba umoya ubuthathaka kakhulu, imveliso iyehla kwaye ukuba unamandla kakhulu, iiinjini zomoya kufuneka ziyeke ukunqanda umonakalo.
Impembelelo ebonakalayo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Iifama zomoya zihlala zinempembelelo ebonakalayo, ngakumbi kwimbonakalo yomhlaba yendalo. Nangona ubugcisa buphucule uyilo lwee turbines zomoya ukuze zibenze bathandeke ngakumbi, kusekho uluntu oluchasayo ukufakelwa kwazo. Ukongeza, ii-injini zomoya zinokubulala iintaka kunye namalulwane xa zingqubana neencakuba ezihambayo.
Iingxaki zokugcina amandla
Ububi obubalulekileyo bamandla omoya bubunzima bokugcina umbane owuvelisayo. Umbane ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka usetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza umngeni ngamaxesha apho imfuno ingahambelani nesizukulwana. Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili yokugcina ibhetri, akukabikho zisombululo ezizinzileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Iindleko eziphezulu zokufakela
Iindleko zokuqala zokufakela iifama zomoya ziphezulu kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba zibekwe kwiindawo ezikude okanye ngaphandle konxweme. Iindleko zibandakanya ukwakhiwa kwee turbines, ukuthuthwa kwazo, ukudalwa kweziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokudibanisa kwigridi yombane. Nangona kunjalo, oku kulungiswa ngeendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza kwexesha elide.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla omoya
Enye yezona zinto zingeloncedo kuthethwa ngazo bubunzima bokugcina amandla omoya. Ngelixa ingezizo zonke izisombululo zangoku ezisebenza ngokupheleleyo, ugcino luyindawo ekuphuhlisweni rhoqo. Iinkqubo zokugcina ibhetri ziyaphucuka, zivumela umbane ukuba ugcinwe ukuze usetyenziswe ngamaxesha apho kungekho moya. Esi sisombululo siluncedo ngakumbi ekusebenziseni amandla omoya njengogcino kwiigridi zombane xa eminye imithombo yethutyana, efana nelanga, ingekho.
Ugcino lwamandla yinkalo ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba amandla omoya asetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo nangamaxesha afanelekileyo, ukuthintela ukugcwala kwegridi okanye ukulahleka kwamandla avelisiweyo.
Amandla omoya ahlala engomnye wemithombo ethembisayo yokwahlukana kwamandla. Nangona ijongene nemingeni ethile, efana nokuphazamiseka komoya okanye ixabiso eliphezulu lofakelo lokuqala, ukukwazi kwayo ukuvelisa umbane ococekileyo nohlaziyekayo kuyenza ibe yenye yezixhobo eziphambili zokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili.