I-hydrogen eluhlaza: imveliso, iingxaki kunye namathuba

  • I-hydrogen eluhlaza iveliswa ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis yamanzi kwaye ingundoqo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa.
  • Yi-accumulator yamandla avuselelekayo, kodwa sijongene nemingeni yeendleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
  • Ukuthuthwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen kubonisa iingxaki zokhuseleko kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo.
  • Iinzuzo zayo zenza ukuba zilungele amacandelo amashishini kunye nezithuthi ezinzima.

I-hydrogen eluhlaza yenye yezithembiso ezinkulu zenguqu yamandla, njengoko inika indlela yokugcina nokusebenzisa amandla ngaphandle kokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Olu hlobo lwehydrogen luveliswa ngenkqubo ebizwa i-electrolysis yamanzi, eyahlula ihydrogen kunye neoksijini kusetyenziswa umbane oveliswa yimithombo ehlaziyekayo efana nelanga nomoya. Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zayo, i-hydrogen eluhlaza ijongene nothotho lwemicelimngeni ekufuneka siyilumkele ukuvavanya amandla ayo njengenye indlela yokwenyani. iifosili.

Kule nqaku, sihlolisisa imiba ephambili echaphazela ukuphuhliswa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza, kunye neempawu zayo, iingenelo kunye nezithintelo, ukufumana umbono opheleleyo wento obu bugcisa bubonelela ngayo.

imveliso ye-hydrogen eluhlaza

umoya ovuselelekayo

I-Hydrogen ayiqhelekanga ukufunyanwa yodwa kwindalo, kodwa idla ngokudityaniswa nezinye iimolekyuli, ezifana namanzi. Kwi-electrolysis, sisebenzisa umsinga wombane ukwaphula iimolekyuli zamanzi (H2O) kwihydrogen (H2) kunye neoksijini (O2). Le nkqubo izinzileyo kuphela ukuba umbane osetyenziswayo uvela kwimithombo ecocekileyo, efana namandla elanga okanye omoya. Kungoko ihydrogen eveliswa ngobu buchule ibizwa ngokuba ihydrogen eluhlaza.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uninzi lwehydrogen eveliswayo namhlanje luvela iifosili, njengegesi yendalo okanye ioli. Olu hlobo, olwaziwa ngokuba yi-hydrogen engwevu, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lemichiza nakwiindawo zokucokisa. Nangona kunjalo, imveliso yayo ivelisa izixa ezikhulu zecarbon dioxide (CO2), nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingazinzi ngokwembono yendalo esingqongileyo.

Nangona ininzi inkqubela eyenziweyo ekuvelisweni kwehydrogen eluhlaza, isebuchwephesha obutsha kwaye kusekude ukuba iqaliswe. Ehlabathini, i-99% ye-hydrogen esetyenziswayo isaphuma kwimathiriyeli ekrwada yefosili, okukhokelela kukhupho lonyaka lwehlabathi lwe-900 yezigidi zeetoni ze-CO.2.

ukugcinwa kwamandla

Enye yezona mpawu zibalulekileyo ze-hydrogen eluhlaza kukukwazi kwayo gcina amandla. Amandla avuselelekayo, afana nelanga kunye nomoya, anjalo imiqondiso yokujika, okuthetha ukuba ngamanye amaxesha bavelisa amandla amaninzi kunokuba angasetyenziswa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abavelisi ngokwaneleyo.

I-Hydrogen inokusombulula oku ngokusebenza njenge-accumulator. Xa kukho intsalela yombane ohlaziyekayo, unokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ihydrogen nge-electrolysis. Emva koko, le hydrogen inokusetyenziswa njengamafutha kwiinjini, koomatshini okanye nanjengesixhobo esikrwada kwiinkqubo zamashishini. Ngale ndlela, i-hydrogen eluhlaza inokunceda ukugcina amandla avuselelekayo angaphezulu kwaye uwasebenzise xa izixhobo ezivuselelekayo zinqabile.

Ukongeza ekusebenzeni njenge-accumulator yamandla, i-hydrogen eluhlaza ayivelisi ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza xa isetyenziswa, iyenza ibe yeyona nto iphambili decarbonization yamacandelo emizi-mveliso, ezothutho nezamandla.

Iingxaki zehydrogen eluhlaza

iingxaki ze-hydrogen eluhlaza kwimveliso

I-drawback ephambili ye-hydrogen eluhlaza yindleko yayo ephezulu yokuvelisa. Nangona ihydrogen iyeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwindalo iphela, inkqubo yokuyifumana emanzini ibiza imali eninzi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamandla okufunwa ngumbane. Nangona umbane ovela kwimithombo evuselelekayo, ixabiso lihlala liphezulu.

Enye ingxaki ejongene ne-hydrogen eluhlaza yi amandla aphantsi okusebenza yemveliso yangoku kunye neendlela zothutho. Ngokwezifundo, malunga ne-80% yamandla asetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-hydrogen eluhlaza alahlekile. Oku kungasebenzi kakuhle kwamandla kubonisa umqobo omkhulu wokwamkelwa kwawo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.

Ukongeza, ukuthuthwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen nako kunzima. Le gesi ine a ukuxinana kwamandla aphantsi xa kuthelekiswa namanye amafutha, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukugcina nokuthutha umlinganiselo ofanayo wamandla kufuna iitanki ezinkulu nemibhobho. Ikwanokutsha kakhulu, oko kwandisa imingcipheko yokhuseleko.

Omnye umngeni obalulekileyo ngumngcipheko we ukubaleka. Iimolekyuli zeHydrogen zincinci kakhulu, zincinci kakhulu kunezo zemethane okanye irhasi yendalo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuzibamba. Ukuba i-hydrogen ivuza emoyeni, inokuchaphazela imozulu ngendlela efanayo neegesi ze-greenhouse, njengoko inokuchaphazela amanqanaba e-methane kunye nezinye iikhompawundi ze-atmospheric.

Kubiza malini ukuvelisa ihydrogen?

iingxaki ze-hydrogen eluhlaza

Esinye sezona zithintelo eziphawulekayo ekwandiseni i-hydrogen eluhlaza yindleko yayo. Uphononongo olutshanje luqikelela ukuba ukuveliswa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza nge-electrolysis kunokuba nzuzo kwi-€ 3,23 ngekhilogram ukuba imithombo yamandla ehlaziyiweyo isetyenziswa. Ezinye izibikezelo ezinethemba zibonisa ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa iindleko zinokuncitshiswa ukuya kwi-€ 2,5 ngekhilogram.

Nangona kunjalo, la manani ubukhulu becala axhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nexabiso lombane kunye neendleko ze-electrolyzers, okwangoku zihlala zininzi. Okwangoku, ukuvelisa i-hydrogen eluhlaza kubiza kakhulu kunokuvelisa i-hydrogen engwevu okanye ebhlowu, ebangela ukuba amashishini amaninzi aqhubeke nokukhetha ezi ndlela.

El ihydrogen engwevu Yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa imveliso yayo ibandakanya ukutshiswa kwamafutha efosili, oko kuyenza ibe lukhetho olungagcinekiyo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kwelinye icala, i i-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, efumaneka kwigesi yendalo kodwa ibamba kwaye igcine iCO2 ikhutshiwe, lukhetho olunciphisa ukukhutshwa, nangona lusenokugcinwa kancinci kune-hydrogen eluhlaza.

Inzuzo

Ihydrogen eluhlaza inezininzi ezintle isitshixo esenza ukuba ibe yenye enomtsalane kakhulu kumacandelo e-decarbonize ekunzima ukuwafaka umbane:

  • ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa: Ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo akukhuphi ungcoliseko okanye iigesi ze-greenhouse. Ngamafutha acocekileyo ngokupheleleyo xa efunyenwe ngamandla ahlaziyekayo.
  • Ukugcinwa kwamandla: Isebenza njengesisombululo sokugcina amandla angaphezulu kwimithombo evuselelekayo kwaye ikhulule xa ifunwa yimfuno, ukwandisa amandla okuhlaziya.
  • Usetyenziso olubanzi: Isebenza njengamafutha kwezothutho, njengomlamli ekuveliseni amandla kunye nanjengesixhobo esikrwada kwishishini lemichiza.
  • I-Decarbonization yamacandelo oshishino: Amacandelo anje ngezothutho lomoya, ezothutho zaselwandle kunye neshishini elinzima lixhomekeke kumandla oxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu anokubonelela nge-hydrogen kuphela.

Iingxaki

Nangona iingenelo ze-hydrogen eluhlaza, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ngxaki ebonisa:

  • Iindleko eziphezulu zemveliso: Inkqubo ye-electrolysis ihlala ibiza, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa negrey hydrogen.
  • Ubunzima bokuthutha kunye nokugcinwa: I-Hydrogen ifuna iziseko ezingundoqo ezithile ukuba zigcinwe kwaye zithuthwe ngokukhuselekileyo, oko kongeza iindleko ezongezelelweyo.
  • imingcipheko yokhuseleko: I-Hydrogen inokutsha kakhulu kwaye ukuthuthwa kwayo kunokubeka ingozi xa ingaphathwa kakuhle.
  • Ukusebenza kwamandla aphantsi: Inxalenye enkulu yamandla etyalwe kwimveliso ye-hydrogen eluhlaza ilahlekile kwimveliso kunye neenkqubo zokuthutha.

Isishwankathelo, i-hydrogen eluhlaza imele enye yezona teknoloji zithembisayo kwinguqu yamandla kunye ne-decarbonization yamacandelo angenayo enye indlela ecacileyo ngokufaka umbane ngokuthe ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, impumelelo yayo iya kuxhomekeka kakhulu ekunciphiseni iindleko zayo zokuvelisa, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokuphuhlisa iziseko eziyimfuneko zokugcina nokuthutha.


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