Kwidolophu yaseHernando, ekwiphondo le ECórdoba, yaqala ukusebenza okokuqala Inkqubo ye-biogas ngokusekelwe kwilindle lehagu hayi eArgentina kuphela kodwa kuMzantsi Melika wonke. Obu buchwephesha buthatha ithuba lenkunkuma yehagu ukuyivelisa amandla acocekileyo, Ukuma njengemodeli esebenzayo, yendalo kunye nemveliso enezibonelelo ezininzi.
Yintoni i-biogas?
El biogas Ngamafutha ahlaziyekayo afumaneka ngokubola kwe-anaerobic (ngaphandle kweoksijini) yezinto eziphilayo, njengelindle lezilwanyana, inkunkuma yezolimo okanye inkunkuma ye-agro-industrial. Le nkqubo iqhutywa ziibhaktheriya ezithi, ngexesha lokwetyisa kwezi zinto, zivelise irhasi eyakhiwe ikakhulu imethane (CH4) y ikharbon diokside (CO2). I-Biogas ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane, izixhobo zokufudumeza okanye njengamafutha ezithuthi.
Kwimeko yeHernando, ilindle lehagu lelona galelo lisetyenziswayo kwi-biodigester, enika ukuphakama kungekuphela nje ekuveliseni igesi, kodwa nokuveliswa kwezichumiso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuncipha okukhulu kokungcoliseka kongcoliseko oluveliswayo umsebenzi wezolimo.
Ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-biogas eHernando
Inkqubo ye-biogas kwidolophu yaseHernando iquka ii-microturbines ezifakelwe zodwa. Ezi microturbines azivelisi umbane kuphela kwifama yeehagu, kodwa intsalela igalelwa kwigridi kawonke-wonke, ethi kule dolophu ilawulwa yintsebenziswano. Le ndlela yokwabela amagunya ivumela amafama ukuba angafezekisi iimfuno zawo zamandla kuphela, kodwa enze imali ngentsalela.
Ukusebenza kwenkqubo kulula, i inkunkuma yendalo eziveliswa iihagu ziyaqokelelwa kwaye zisiwe biodigester okanye isinki apho iibhaktheriya banoxanduva lokubola inkunkuma wathi, ukuvelisa biogas. Le biogas ithathwa isiwe kwisityalo esincinci apho ingasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili:
- Ukuveliswa kombane, usebenzisa i-microturbine ukuguqula amandla okushisa e-biogas kumandla ombane.
- Ukuhanjiswa kwerhasi, i-biogas inokuhanjiswa ngemibhobho ukuze isetyenziswe kwiikhitshi, izifudumezi zamanzi, okanye ukufudumeza indawo kwiindawo ezikufutshane.
Le nkqubo iphinda ivelise njengemveliso ephuma kwimveliso ye-organic fertilizer enokuthi isetyenziswe kwizityalo zasekhaya, ukuvala umjikelo wozinzo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusebenza kwenkqubo kuvumela ukuba iqhutywe kude, mhlawumbi nge-Intanethi okanye ngolawulo lwesathelayithi, eqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhulu nakude.
Izinto eziluncedo kwinkqubo ye-biogas
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-biogas esekelwe kwizibonelelo zomgquba wehagu iinzuzo ezininzi, kokusingqongileyo kunye nezoqoqosho. Ezona zibalulekileyo zidweliswe ngezantsi:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma: Ukunyangwa kwenkunkuma yezilwanyana kuthintela ukuqokelelana kwayo kwiimfumba okanye kumachibi, apho inokuvelisa ukukhutshwa kwemethane okungalawulekiyo.
- Ukuveliswa kwamandla acocekileyo: I-Biogas ngumthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo onciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili.
- Ukuncitshiswa kokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse: I-Biogas ibamba kwaye isebenzise imethane phambi kokuba ikhutshelwe kokusingqongileyo, inciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse.
- Ukuveliswa kwezichumisi eziphilayo: Ukugaya ukutya okuveliswa emva kwenkqubo yokuvundiswa kuqulethe izondlo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwezolimo.
- Ukuzalwa kunye nokuzalwa kwakhona: Iinkqubo ze-biogas ezifakwe eHernando zivumela zombini ukuhlanganiswa kombane kunye nobushushu, kunye nokuphindaphinda, okongeza amathuba okuvelisa abandayo, ngaloo ndlela kugubungela iimfuno zamandla ezahlukeneyo.
Enye inzuzo ephawulekayo yeenkqubo ze-biogas kukuguquguquka kwazo. Ezi zinokufakelwa kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zezolimo kunye nemfuyo, kwaye nakwiindawo zoshishino, kuxhomekeke kuphela kuhlobo kunye nobuninzi benkunkuma esetyenziswayo njengegalelo eliphambili.
Iingqwalasela zokusingqongileyo nezoqoqosho
Kwinqanaba lokusingqongileyo, i-biogas sesinye sezona zixhobo zisebenzayo ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa, kuba iguqula inkunkuma ibe amandla asebenzisekayo, ukuthintela iigesi ze-greenhouse ukuba zikhutshwe ngendlela engalawulwayo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-biogas kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemethane okwenziwa kwifama yeehagu ukuya kutsho kuma-75%.
Kwinqanaba lezoqoqosho, inkqubo ye-biogas e-Hernando ibonisa ukuba utyalo-mali kwi-teknoloji ye-biogas ingaba nenzuzo kakhulu. Nangona ukuphunyezwa kokuqala kufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu, izibonelelo ezifunyenweyo - zombini ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokuthengiswa kombane ogqithisileyo - vumela inkqubo ukuba ihlawule ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokomzekelo, abavelisi baseHernando baye banciphisa kakhulu ukuxhomekeka kwabo kwigridi yombane yendabuko, eye yabavumela ukuba bahlangabezane ngcono nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ombane. Ngaphaya koko, isichumiso esivela kwi-organic sithatha indawo yeemveliso zekhemikhali, ezibone amaxabiso azo enyuka kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ikamva le-biogas eArgentina
E-Argentina, imveliso ye-biogas iye yaba ne ukukhula okukhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingakumbi ukususela ekuphunyezweni koMthetho wokuKhuthaza amandla aVuselelwayo ngo-2015. Lo mmiselo ukhuthaze iiprojekthi kwicandelo lezolimo, kuquka neenkqubo ze-biogas kwiifama zehagu, iinkomo nkqu nakumashishini okutya.
Nangona kunjalo, nangona inkqubela ebalulekileyo yenziwe, kusekho indlela eninzi ekufuneka yenziwe. Kukho imiqobo yezemali nolwazi ethintela ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kweenkqubo ze-biogas elizweni. Abavelisi abaninzi abaqondi ukuba inkunkuma yabo ingabanakho ukuvelisa amandla, kwaye inkxaso-mali efikelelekayo inqabile. Nangona kunjalo, amanyathelo afana noHernando amisela umzekelo okhuthazayo wekamva.
Ngaphaya koko, iinzuzo zokusingqongileyo akufuneki zijongelwe phantsi. I-Argentina, njengomvelisi omkhulu wezolimo, inamandla amakhulu okunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ngotyalo-mali olukhulu kolu hlobo lobuchwephesha. Enyanisweni, kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2030, i-biogas iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-matrix yamandla yelizwe.
Kubalulekile ukuba abavelisi abaninzi bayithathele ingqalelo le ndlela ingenye kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente iqhubekeke nokukhuthaza ukufakwa kwee-biodigesters. Amandla acocekileyo afana ne-biogas ayibonisi kuphela isisombululo kwingxaki yamandla, kodwa inika impendulo esebenzayo kwingxaki yemozulu yangoku.
Ukusetyenziswa kwelindle lehagu ukuvelisa i-biogas yindlela ezinzileyo nenoqoqosho evelisa amandla acocekileyo, izichumisi kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko. Iinkqubo ezinje ngeHernando zikhokela indlela eya kwikamva lamandla elizinzileyo eArgentina, kwaye impumelelo yayo inokukhuthaza abanye abavelisi ukuba bamkele le teknoloji.