Ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga kuye kwavela ngokuxhuma kunye nemida kwiminyaka, ngenxa yophuhliso lobuchwepheshe. Zombini kwiipaki ezinkulu zelanga kunye nofakelo oluncinci lokuzenzela, iipaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic. ESpeyin, ukunyuka kokuzithengisa kuye kwaphawulwa kwiminyaka yamuva nje, kunye nemizi emininzi ikhetha ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwezizathu eziphambili kukongiwa kwityala lombane kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo olufunwa ngamaxesha angoku.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuchaza zonke iimpawu kunye ukusebenza yeepaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic, ngaphezu kokwandisa ulwazi oluphambili ukuze uqonde indlela yokukhetha ukhetho olungcono ngokweemfuno zakho.
Iimpawu eziphambili zeepaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic
Iiphaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic zinamandla okuvelisa amandla ombane kwimitha yelanga. La mandla avuselelwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye akayingcolisi indalo. Phakathi kweenzuzo ezinkulu zolu hlobo lwamandla lulo ukuveliswa okuzenzekelayo ukusuka kumandla elanga. Yena ukusebenza yeepaneli zelanga zisekelwe kwiiseli zelanga ze-photovoltaic, eziguqula amandla elanga ngokuthe ngqo kumbane. Le nkqubo yenzeka ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla efotoelectric.
I-phenomenon yamandla e-photovoltaic ibonakala ngokukwazi kwezinto ezithile ukuvelisa umsinga wombane xa uphantsi kwemitha yelanga. Kule nkqubo, amandla elanga akhupha ii-electrons ukudala ukuhamba kwamandla ombane.
Iipaneli zenziwe ngoluhlu lweeseli ze-photovoltaic, ezenziwe ngokukodwa ngamacandelo e-silicon adityaniswe ne-phosphorus kunye ne-boron. Ezi ziyakwazi ukuvelisa intlawulo yombane xa zifumana ukukhanya kwelanga. Ezi seli zilungelelaniswe kwiimodyuli ezilungelelanisa amandla ombane kwiinkqubo zangoku ezithe ngqo.
Amandla avelisiweyo aguqulwa abe ukutshintsha okwangoku ngokusebenzisa i-inverter, evumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizinto zombane kunye nezinye izixhobo zasekhaya. I-voltage ebonelelwa ngamaseli e-photovoltaic iqhelekile kwaye ihambelana, kodwa isixa sombane sixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kumandla okukhanya kwelanga, okuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lemini, ixesha lonyaka kunye neemeko zemozulu.
Uwabala njani amandla eepaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic
Ukubala amandla ombane eepaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic kubalulekile ubungakanani obuchanekileyo bofakelo. Xa uhlalutya ukusebenza kweepaneli, umlinganiselo we iwatts peak (Wp), esebenza njengesalathiso sokuthelekisa iipaneli zelanga ezahlukeneyo kwaye unqume ukuba yeyiphi eyona ifanelekileyo ngokweemfuno zamandla.
Iimpawu zeemodyuli ze-photovoltaic, kubandakanywa nokusebenza kwazo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo (i-radiation kunye nokushisa), kunceda ukuqikelela zingaphi iiwathi eziphakamileyo Ziyakwazi ukufakwa ukwandisa amandla okusebenzisa amandla. Amakhaya, umzekelo, ajongana nokwahluka imini yonke kunye nonyaka, zombini kwi benzisa yombane njengakwi imitha yelanga iyafumaneka.
Ukubala ubungakanani kunye nokufumana ukusebenza kakuhle kofakelo lwe-photovoltaic, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indawo yendawo, ukuqhelaniswa kunye ne-angle yophahla. Ngale ndlela, ukuveliswa kunye nokulindela kokusetyenziswa kunokulungiswa, ukuqikelela ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bofakelo ukugubungela iimfuno zamandla.
Iindidi zeepaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic
Okwangoku, kukho iindidi ezininzi zeepaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic kwimarike, nganye ineempawu ezithile eziziqhelanisa kakuhle neemfuno ezahlukeneyo:
- Iiphaneli zelanga zeAmorphous: Nangona zisanda ukusetyenziswa ngaphantsi, zibonakaliswe ngokungabi nesakhiwo esichaziweyo. Ngaphandle kwexabiso eliphantsi, baphulukana nokusebenza ngokukhawuleza xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeepaneli.
- Iiphaneli zelanga zePolycrystalline: Ezi paneli zenziwe ngeekristale ze-silicon eziqhelanisiweyo ezininzi, ezibanika ithoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Zingabizi kakhulu ukwenza, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa neepaneli ze-monocrystalline.
- Iipaneli zelanga zemonocrystalline: Ezi ngoku zithathwa njengezona zisebenzayo. Zenziwe kwi-crystal eyodwa ye-silicon, evumela ukuba ii-electron zihambe ngokukhululekileyo, ngaloo ndlela zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle.
Zeziphi iiphaneli zelanga ezingcono
Xa ukhetha phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepaneli zelanga, i iipaneli ze-monocrystalline Zezona zinconywayo ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okukhulu. Nangona iipaneli ze-amorphous ziye zaqala ukuphelelwa yisikhathi, iipaneli ze-polycrystalline ziqhubeka ziyindlela efanelekileyo ngenxa yeendleko zabo eziphantsi, nangona ukusebenza kwazo kuphantsi.
Ngokuthelekisa, iipaneli ze-monocrystalline, nangona zibiza kakhulu, zinika ukusebenza kakuhle, ukusebenza kunye nokunyamezela ukushisa, ukwandisa ixabiso lexesha elide. Ngaphaya koko, kwinqanaba lobuhle, zihlala zikhethwa kuyilo lwazo oluhle kakhulu.
Inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-photovoltaic
Itekhnoloji ye-Photovoltaic iqhubekile phambili kwiminyaka yamuva nje, inikezela ngeendlela ezintsha, ezisebenzayo ngakumbi. Phakathi kwezinto ezintsha zamva nje zezi:
- Iiphaneli ezimacala omabini: Ezi panels ziyakwazi ukubamba ukukhanya kwelanga ngaphambili nangasemva, ezivumela ukuba zenze amandla amaninzi imini yonke.
- I-Heterojunction (HJT) iiseli zelanga: Ithekhnoloji edibanisa iingenelo zeekristali kunye neeseli zelanga zefilimu ezincinci, ukuphumeza ukusebenza kakuhle.
Le nkqubela phambili, kunye nolunye uphuhliso olufana neepaneli zelanga zefilimu ezincinci kunye neeseli zesolar ze-perovskite, ziguqula imarike yelanga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amakhaya amaninzi kunye namashishini akhethe ukufakela iipaneli zelanga.
Ukugcinwa kweepaneli zelanga ze-photovoltaic
Ukugcinwa kweepaneli zelanga kuncinci, oku negalelo ekuthandeni kwabo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle ekuhambeni kwexesha, kubalulekile ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yokugcina:
- Ukucoca: Kucetyiswa ukuba uhlambulule iipaneli rhoqo, ukususa ukungcola okuqokelelweyo kunokunciphisa inani lokukhanya kwelanga elibanjwe ngamaseli.
- ukuhlolwa ngamaxesha: Kubalulekile ukujonga imeko ye-inverter kunye nokudibanisa kombane ukuphepha iingxaki zokuvelisa.
Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iziqinisekiso ezinikezelwa ngabavelisi bepaneli yelanga zinokuhluka. Okwangoku, iibhodi ezikumgangatho ophezulu zihlala zinewaranti yeminyaka engama-25, eqinisekisa ukulahleka kokusebenza okungaphantsi kwama-20% ngelo xesha.
Ngalo lonke olu phuculo lwezobuchwepheshe kunye nokugcinwa okufanelekileyo, iipaneli zelanga zingaqhubeka nokuvelisa amandla ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30.
I-photovoltaic amandla elanga ayigcini nje kuphela kwi-bill yakho yombane, kodwa kwakhona i-100% yomthombo wamandla ococekileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa, okwenza kube yinto ebalaseleyo kuyo nayiphi na ikhaya elikhathalela indalo okanye ishishini.