La amandla elanga Ngumthombo wamandla acocekileyo nahlaziyekayo esinikezelwa yindalo simahla. Ukusebenzisa le mithombo yendalo kusivumela ukuba sinciphise iindleko ezinkulu zamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha e-fossil. Ngeenkqubo ze iipaneli zelanga y iijenereyitha zelanga, sinokuvelisa umbane owaneleyo wokubonelela ikhaya, ukufudumeza amanzi okanye amandla ezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zombane. Oku akuncedi kuphela ukunciphisa amatyala, kodwa kunciphisa i-carbon footprint.
Ukufikelela kwi amandla elanga ngoku ifikeleleke ngakumbi kwaye ifikeleleke emva kokupheliswa kwerhafu yelanga eSpain, eye yavumela amakhaya amaninzi kunye namashishini ukuba akhethe ukufaka izisombululo zelanga. ukuzisebenzisela amandla elanga. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuxhobisa ikhaya lakho okanye ishishini ngamandla elanga? Sikunika zonke izikhokelo zokukhetha okulungileyo iiphaneli zelanga kunye neejenereyitha.
Iiphaneli zelanga ezigqwesileyo zasekhaya (iikhithi)
Ukuba ufuna ukufaka iipaneli zelanga ekhayeni lakho, sicebisa ezinye izixhobo zelanga ezigqamayo kumlinganiselo wabo wexabiso lexabiso, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokulula kofakelo. Ezi zixhobo zilandelayo zifanelekile kwikhaya elifuna ukuzimela ngokwamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukunciphisa zombini i-bill yombane kunye nefuthe layo lokusingqongileyo. Nazi iikhithi ezicetyiswayo zika-2024:
Ezi zixhobo zilungele ukufakwa kwendawo yokuhlala kwaye zenzelwe ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga, ukubonelela ngombane nangeentsuku ezinamafu.
Ukongeza kwiimpawu zobugcisa ezifana ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indawo ekhoyo kwisilingi yokufakwa kweepaneli. Ukuba indawo incinci, kubalulekile ukukhetha iipaneli ezinobunkunkqele obuphezulu ukwandisa ukuveliswa kwamandla kwindawo encinci.
Iijeneretha zelanga ezilungileyo kakhulu zasekhaya okanye zokukhempisha
Ukuba ujonge ezinye iindlela zokuvelisa amandla ezindlini, kwiikharavani okanye ngexesha lemisebenzi yangaphandle efana nekampu, iijenereyitha zelanga eziphathwayo sisisombululo esigqibeleleyo.
Ezi zixhobo zivumela amandla elanga ukuba agcinwe emini aze asetyenziswe kwizixhobo zombane, izibane okanye kwizinto zasekhaya. Kwakhona sisisombululo esibalaseleyo kwiimeko zikaxakeka okanye ukucima kombane, ukubonelela ngomthombo wamandla ogciniweyo.
Ezi jenereyitha zelanga zilandelayo zibalasele kumthamo wazo wokugcina, ukuphatheka kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokulula:
Iindidi zeepaneli zelanga
Ukukhetha okulungileyo iphaneli yelanga Kwikhaya lakho okanye ishishini lakho, kubalulekile ukwazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepaneli ezikhoyo kwimarike. Itekhnoloji nganye ineengenelo kunye nokungona kwayo, kuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye neemfuno zamandla. Apha sibonisa ezona zixhaphakileyo:
- Iiphaneli zelanga ze-silicon ze-Monocrystalline: Olu hlobo lwepaneli yelanga isebenzisa isakhiwo esisodwa se-crystal ye-silicon, esinika ukuguqulwa okuphezulu kokuguqulwa (phakathi kwe-16% kunye ne-22%). Zifaneleke ngakumbi iindawo ezinokukhanya kwelanga okulinganiselweyo, njengoko ziqhubeka nokuvelisa amandla nakwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi. Ukongeza, banobomi obude, nto leyo ebenza babe lukhetho olucetyiswayo kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo zibiza kakhulu.
- Iiphaneli zelanga ze-polycrystalline zesilicon: Ezi panels zenziwe ngeekristale ze-silicon ezixutywe ezininzi, ezibanika iindleko eziphantsi, kodwa zisebenza ngokuncinci kune-monocrystalline (phakathi kwe-13% kunye ne-16%). Zilungele iimeko zemozulu ezinemitha yelanga ephezulu, kodwa zifuna indawo enkulu yokuvelisa amandla afanayo njenge-monocrystalline.
- Iiphaneli zelanga zePerovskite: Nangona kusekho kwinqanaba lokulinga, obu buchwepheshe buthembisa ukusebenza okungaphezulu kwe-25%. Zilula, ziguquguquka kwaye zingabizi kakhulu kuneepaneli ze-silicon. Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji isenayo imiceli mngeni, kubandakanya ubomi obufutshane beshelufu kunye nemiba yokuthotywa komgangatho ukusuka ekuvezweni kwezinto zokusingqongileyo.
- Iiphaneli ze-silicon ze-amorphous, i-CIGS kunye nabanye: Ezinye iintlobo zeepaneli ziquka i-silicon ye-amorphous, enokusebenza okuphantsi, kodwa iyonga kakhulu; kunye neepaneli ze-CIGS (ithusi, i-indium, i-gallium kunye ne-selenium), enikezela ngokufanelekileyo okufanayo kwi-poly-silicon kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu kunye nobunzima obuphantsi.
Itekhnoloji yebhetri yokugcina amandla ombane
Los iijenereyitha zelanga y izixhobo zelanga Ngokuqhelekileyo zifuna iibhetri ukugcina amandla avelisiweyo. Uhlobo lwebhetri olukhethayo luya kuba nefuthe ngokuthe ngqo ekusebenzeni kunye nokuqina kwenkqubo. Nazi ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeebhetri ezisetyenziselwa ugcino lwamandla:
- Iibhetri zeLithium ion (Li-Ion).: Zixinene, zixinene ngamandla, zihlala ixesha elide kwaye zilungele amakhaya anemida yendawo. Nangona zibiza kakhulu kunezinye iindlela, izinga labo lokuzikhupha eliphantsi kunye nobukhulu obubambeneyo bubenza lube lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwizikhululo zelanga eziphathwayo.
- Iibhetri zeLithium Polymer (Li-Po).: Ezi bhetri zifana ne-Li-Ion, kodwa zilula kwaye ziguquguquka ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, azixhaphakanga kwizikhululo zelanga.
- Iibhetri ze-Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4).: Zikhuselekile kwaye zizinzile phantsi kwamaqondo okushisa aphezulu kwaye zinobomi obude benkonzo. I-drawback yabo ephambili ubukhulu babo, kuba ngenxa yomthamo ofanayo bathatha indawo eninzi.
- Iibhetri ze-lead-asidi: Nangona zingabizi kakhulu, ezi bhetri zinobomi obufutshane, azisebenzi kakuhle, kwaye zifuna ukulungiswa okuthe chatha.
Xa ukhetha isixokelelwano selanga kwikhaya lakho, kubalulekile ukuvavanya iimpawu zobugcisa beebhetri ukuqinisekisa ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kweendleko, ukuqina kunye nokusebenza.
Indlela yokukhetha iipaneli zelanga ezifanelekileyo kunye neejeneretha
gqiba ngantoni iphaneli yelanga o ijenereyitha yelanga Nokuba ilungele ikhaya lakho okanye ishishini kuxhomekeke kuthotho lwezinto ezibalulekileyo. Ngezantsi, sibonisa amanqaku aphambili ekufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo ukwenza esona sigqibo silungileyo:
- Potencia: Amandla ephaneli okanye ijenereyitha alinganiswa ngeewatts (W) okanye iikilowatts (kW). Ukuba unezixhobo ezininzi ekhaya kwaye ufuna umthamo omkhulu, uya kufuna i-generator enamandla. Amandla ewonke kufuneka agubungele ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwazo zonke izixhobo kunye nezixhobo oza kuziqhagamshela.
- Ukuthwala: Ukuba ufuna ukuthutha ijenereyitha ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye, khangela iimodeli ezikhaphukhaphu kunye neziphathwayo, ezinye zize zize namavili ukuze kube lula ukuhamba.
- Iziqhagamshelo: Qinisekisa ukuba iphaneli yakho yelanga okanye ijenereyitha ineziqhagamshelo ozifunayo. Ezona zixhaphakileyo ziiplagi zeSchuko kunye neechweba ze-USB zokutshaja izixhobo ezincinci, ezinjengee-smartphones okanye iilaptops.
- Ukusebenza kunye nemilinganiselo: Xa ukhetha ipaneli yelanga, jonga ukuguqulwa kwayo kunye nobukhulu bayo. Iipaneli ezisebenzayo ngakumbi ziya kufuna indawo encinci, eyona nto iphambili ukuba uphahla lwakho luncinci.
Inkxaso-mali kunye noncedo lwamandla elanga
Ngo-2024, kukho ezininzi Izibonelelo y iyanceda yokufakwa kwe iipaneli zelanga kumakhaya aseSpain. Ukusebenzisa olu ncedo kunokunciphisa kakhulu utyalo-mali lokuqala, okwenza ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokuzimeleyo kufikeleleke.
Imithombo emibini yoncedo yile:
- Ingxowa-mali yesiZukulwana esilandelayo: Le nkqubo yaseYurophu elawulwa yi-IDAE (Institute for Energy Diversification and Saving) inokugubungela ukuya kwi-45% yotyalo-mali kwi-photovoltaic self-consumption. Owona mda uphezulu yi-6.000 ye-kWp nganye.
- uncedo lwengingqi: Uluntu ngalunye oluZimeleyo luneenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zenkxaso-mali ezongezelelweyo. Eminye imizekelo ephawulekayo ibandakanya:
- Andalusia: Uncedo lwe-45% kutyalo-mali, kunye nobuninzi be-6.000/kWp.
- ECatalonia: Inkqubo ye "Solcat" inikezela ngoncedo oluya kuthi ga kwi-50% kutyalo-mali, kunye nobuninzi be-7.000/kWp.
- Uluntu lwaseValencian: Inika iSicwangciso se-Photovoltaic esifana ne-Andalusian, kunye ne-40% yoncedo kunye nobuninzi be-6.000 / kWp.
Ezi zibonelelo zivumela amawaka amakhaya ukuba abe nokufikelela kumandla elanga ngendlela efikelelekayo, nto leyo ethetha ukuncitshiswa kweendleko zokuqala zokufakela. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka ube nenkampani eqinisekisiweyo yofakelo ngenxa yemimiselo yokhuseleko.
Ukubandakanya inkqubo yeepaneli zelanga okanye iijeneretha kwikhaya lakho linyathelo eliya ekuzimeleni kwamandla. Ngeenketho zenkxaso kunye nofakelo olufanelekileyo, unokuyonwabela zonke izibonelelo ezinikezelwa ngumbane welanga.