Kwizixeko ezininzi, ukusuka kwimimandla yasemva kwamashishini ukuya kwimimandla yasezidolophini, ziyachuma iindibano zocweyo zokusebenzisa uluntu kunye neelebhu zokwenziwa kwedijithali Ezi ndawo zivula iingcango zokuyila kunye nentsebenziswano. Banikezela ngofikelelo koomatshini, izixhobo, kunye nolwazi lwabantu abaneemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo, bebenza bakwazi ukufana, ukulungisa, ukuyila, kunye nokufunda ngaphandle kokufuna indawo okanye izixhobo ekhaya.
Ayikokuphonononga nje ngomshicileli we-3D okanye i-drill; undoqo kukuba ezi ndawo Bakha uluntu kwaye bakhuthaze ukufunda okwabelwanayo. kwaye baphembelela iiprojekthi zentsebenziswano ezinefuthe loluntu. Oku kuhlangana kwetekhnoloji efikelelekayo kunye nokuphila koluntu kubandakanya amava asukela... Iilebhu ze-fab eBilbao okanye eMadrid, kwiinkqubo ezisekelwe kuluntu kwiSixeko saseMexico apho ubugcisa kunye noyilo lusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokuvula ilaphu lentlalontle.
Ukusuka kwiilebhu ze-fab ukuya kwi-makerspaces: ukuvula itekhnoloji kuye wonke umntu
Izithuba umenzi kunye neelebhu zokwenziwa kwedijithali Bazalwa kwi-intuition elula kakhulu: ukwenza idemokhrasi ukufikelela kwizixhobo kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa ukuze bobabini abantu abanobuchule (amagcisa, abaqulunqi, amagcisa, abafundisi) kunye nabantu abanomdla ngaphandle koqeqesho lwezobuchwepheshe banokuzisa iingcamango zabo ebomini. Kula magumbi, ii-laser cutters, iiprinta ze-3D, iisarha zemiter, kunye ne-electronics workbenches zihlala kunye neenkqubo zokunika iingcebiso kunye nenkxaso.
Abo balungelelanisayo bagxininisa ukuba iteknoloji sisingxengxezo, kuba umsebenzi osisiseko ukuvelisa ulwazi oludityanisiweyo kunye nokudibanisa izifundoLe ndlela yokusebenza iphunyezwa ngeendibano zocweyo, iindawo zokuhlala amagcisa, intsebenziswano nabachaphazelekayo basekhaya, kunye nothotho lweeprojekthi ezidibanisa imfundo, ushishino, kunye noqoqosho olujikelezayo. Awudingi ukuba yinjineli ukuze uthabathe inxaxheba: kukho indawo yabo beze kufunda ukusuka ekuqaleni kunye neengcali zobugcisa ezifuna ukwabelana ngobuchule babo.
Ityala elibonakalisayo lelo leFab Lab Bilbao kunye neprojekthi yayo Udonga lweMemoriapho abahlali bengingqi bajongwa kwaye baguqulwa babe ziibhasi ze-ceramic kumboniso kawonke-wonke. Ukongeza kokuzisa iworkshop kwizitrato zaseZorrotzaurre, olu ngenelelo igcina isazisi esihlangeneyo Kumhlaba ophantsi kwenguqu enzulu ecaleni kwechweba lechweba laseNervión, ebonisa indlela ubugcisa bedijithali obunokwakhiwa ngayo kwinkumbulo yobumelwane.
Ukugcina imisebenzi yabo, iFab Lab Bilbao kunye nendawo yenkcubeko ehlala kuyo, i-Espacio Open, bahlula umvuzo wabo Iinkqubo zoluntu, iiprojekthi zaseYurophu kunye nemigca ethe ngqo efana nezifundo kunye neendibano zocweyoUkongezelela, kukho iifomyula zezoqoqosho zemihla ngemihla, njengembuyekezo evela kwibhar kunye nevenkile edityaniswe noqoqosho lwesetyhula kunye nefashoni ezinzileyo, eyanciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwabo kwitshaneli enye yezemali.
IMadrid: xa iinkonzo zoluntu zinqongophele, uluntu luzilungelelanisa.
Kangangeminyaka, iMedialab Prado yayiliziko elikhokelayo laseMadrid lokuyila izinto ezintsha zabemi kunye nokwenziwa kwedijithali kwicandelo likarhulumente. ukuvalwa kwesigqibo sikamasipala Ishiye umsantsa omkhulu wokuba iiyunivesithi, amaziko oluntu azilawulayo kunye nemibutho efana neMakespace Madrid izalise kangangoko inako.
EMakespace Madrid, umbutho wabantu abamalunga namashumi amane, i-mantra icacile: "Siza apha ukuze senze into esingenakuyenza ekhaya"Le ndawo—indawo eyayisakuba yigaraji yezithuthuthu noomatshini—isebenza ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke, nto leyo enika inkululeko kodwa ikwafuna ukulungelelana kweencwadi. Eyona ndleko inkulu yirenti, ababelana ngayo bonke; ngokubuyisela, indawo yeyabo, kwaye emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa zokubandakanyeka, Izitshixo zigqithiselwa kwabo bathatha inxaxheba ngoko banokungena nangaliphi na ixesha. Uluntu sele lukwindawo yalo yesithathu, emva kokushiya indawo yangaphambili ngenxa yokwenyuka kwerenti ngequbuliso.
Nabani na ojonga ngaphaya kwetafile ephakathi uya kubona iilaptops ezivulekileyo, iincoko ezithulisiwe, kunye ukukhangela kwibhentshi ye-elektroniki Ecaleni kweeprinta ze3D. Phakathi kwabo babelana ngee-screwdrivers ziinjineli kunye nezazinzulu zekhompyuter, ewe, kodwa nabantu abavela kwisayensi yezentlalo ngokuthe ngcembe baye babanjwa, bebonisa ukuba kukho indawo yakhe nabani na ofuna ukufunda.
I-Makespace Madrid ingaphakathi kwendawo inethiwekhi ngamazwe fab labsImephu eninzi kwiindawo ezifana neBelgium neNetherlands, kunye nezikhonkwane ezininzi eSpain. Ukusuka eBilbao, bagxininisa umdla okhulayo kwezi ndawo, kunye nempendulo enamandla kakhulu evela uluntu lwezemfundo, abaqalayo kunye nabantu abaxhalabileyo malunga noqoqosho lwesetyhula. Ngaphandle kobunzima, i-ecosystem yomenzi iyakhula kwaye iyantlukwano, ivumela abantu abaninzi ukuba balungise, benze, kwaye bazibandakanye kwiiprojekthi ezinokubakho inguqu.
Ngaphaya koomatshini: UbuGcisa, uLuntu, kunye neNdlela yokuSebenza
Ukujonga ezi zithuba kuphela ngokuqokelelwa kwezixhobo zabo kusilela. Ukusuka kubugcisa bexesha langoku kuvela ingcamango ye "umzobo wentlalontle"Eyaziwayo nguJoseph Beuys, le ndlela yokwandisa umda wobugcisa ukubandakanya imveliso yenkcubeko kunye nefuthe layo kubudlelwane bezopolitiko phakathi kwabantu. Ukuqondwa ngolu hlobo, ukusebenza kobugcisa akuphelelanga kwizinto: kubumba iinkqubo zentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo, ukubandakanya ixabiso, ulwazi kunye nokufunda njengezinto zokusebenza.
Ukuphonononga loo mbono ngokusebenza, i ukuqwalaselwa komthathi-nxaxheba Kubalulekile ukuphanda ngaphakathi, ukuhlala kunye noluntu ixesha elide, ukuqonda isingqisho, iimfuno kunye neekhowudi. Le ndlela ibandakanya amava afana neeworkshops zoluntu, i-architecture edibeneyo, kunye namaqhinga asezidolophini aphazamisa imigca phakathi kobugcisa kunye noyilo, kunye nokudibanisa ukuthatha inxaxheba njengamandla okuqhuba iprojekthi.
"Yenza ngokwakho" kuluntu: ukwenza amathoyizi, ukudala amabhondi
Ngo-2014, kwaqaliswa eli phulo kumazantsi eSixeko saseMexico “Yenze ngokwakho Umzi-mveliso wezinto zokudlala (DHT)”Injongo yayilula kodwa inamandla: ngokusebenzisa iworkshop yokwenza izinto zokudlala kunye inkunkuma eqinileyo (ikhadibhodi, iiplastiki, iinkonkxa) kunye ukurisayikilishwa kwasekhaya, yandisa ulwazi lokusingqongileyo lwamantombazana kunye namakhwenkwe, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ikhuthaze ubume bokuyila kunye nentlalontle enegalelo ekwakhiweni ngokutsha kwesiseko sentlalo eSan Andrés Totoltepec, eSan Pedro Mártir kunye neTurtle Park (Fuentes de Tepepan).
Iindibano ezaziqhutywa phakathi kukaSeptemba noDisemba waloo nyaka zazinzulu. Ngokungafaniyo neeprojekthi zangaphambili ezinenkxaso eyomeleleyo yeziko, ngeli xesha inkxaso ephambili yayivela kuluntu ngokwalo, olwalufuna ulawulo oluthe kratya, ukufundisa ngakumbi, kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisaInkqubo ifumene inkxaso kwindawo yenkcubeko yoluntu yeTlalpan Delegation, ngomnxeba ojolise ekomelezeni ubuwena, iinkqubo zenkcubeko zasekhaya.
Esinye sezifundo ezivuzayo kukubona indlela inkqubo ye-“HTM” eveliswe ngayo inguqu kunye nenkululeko yokuyila zombini kumbhexeshi nakwabo bebezimase. Ibali lika-Adrián livelele, inkwenkwe eneminyaka esibhozo ubudala eyathi, emva kweeseshoni ezininzi ebuza "senza ntoni namhlanje?", Ngolunye usuku wabonisa iphakheji yesonka kunye nesicwangciso esicacileyo sokwakha isiphekephekeAkazange ayenze nje kuphela, wabelane ngenkqubo neqela, waphefumlela abanye, kwaye imiyalelo yakhe yaya kwiindawo ezintsha zoluntu, ebonisa ukuba esona sikhokelo seso sithathwa luluntu kwaye siphindaphinde.
Kwakukho nobungqina obungahoywa ngamanye amaxesha: usapho njengesiseko sokufundaKucwangciso ngalunye (phakathi kwabantu abali-10 nama-30), kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ukubona abantwana bekunye noonina, ootata, oomakhulu noomalume babo, besebenza kunye. Lo mlinganiso wezizukulwana azityebisi nje kuphela uguquguquko kodwa uphinde wabeka ngokutsha imveliso yenkcubeko njengesiqhelo esibandakanya ngokungenakuthintelwa abo basingqongileyo.
Ekuphenduleni imfuno yabantu abadala abanomdla wokuhombisa kunye nefenitshala, ngo-2015 iprojekthi yanda ukuya "HTM Culture Factory" (Iithoyi + iiModeli + iFanitshala + uMhombiso). Isebe le-DIF (iNkqubo yeSizwe yoPhuhliso oluDibeneyo loSapho) (iZiko le-19 iJuan A. Mateos, eLa Joya, eTlalpan) yongezelelwa, yandisa inkqubo kuluntu olukwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Apho, iworkshop yokwenza izibane kusetyenziswa izinto ezihlaziyiweyo zaxhaswa ngu... amaphulo asekuhlaleni okurisayikilisha Iseshoni nganye yayidibanisa amabhinqa amalunga neshumi aneminyaka engama-30 ukuya kuma-50 abathi, ngomsebenzi wentsebenziswano, baphuhliswa ukuzimela noluntu ukusa kwinqanaba lokuqhubeka ngaphandle kwenkxaso yangaphandle: baqinisekisa ilungelo labo lenkcubeko, bagcina iinkqubo zabo (ukuluka, ubugcisa, ukwabelana ngolwazi), kwaye bala ukuqalisa kwakhona inkqubo ye-HTM ngelo xesha. Oko “hayi”, enyanisweni, yayibubungqina bempumelelo yabo: iqela lalingasafuni iintonga.
Uyilo oluqokelelweyo: uyilo kwisikali somntu
Las izakhiwo ezidibeneyo Bathandabuza imveliso edityaniswe neshishini lokwakha kwaye bacebise iinkqubo zoyilo ezijolise ebantwini, zobungakanani bomntu ezisekelwe kuphando lwesenzo sokuthatha inxaxheba. Endaweni yezicwangciso ezinkulu, babeka phambili ukuhamba, ukuntywiliselwa kwimeko, kunye nokulungiswa kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwangempela.
Imbali ekhuthazayo yaba IpolyminoI-Poliminó, iprojekthi yokwakhiwa kwemodyuli edibeneyo eyavela kwi-2013 kwintsebenziswano phakathi kweNkqubo yesidanga soBugcisa kunye noYilo e-UNAM (FAD Xochimilco) kunye nedolophu yaseSantiago Tepalcatlalpan. Ngexesha leveki yemisebenzi, iPoliminó yasebenza njengesiseko se iiforam, iindibano zocweyo, imiboniso kunye neentlanganiso, ukucacisa intlanganiso yokuQala yoyilo lobugcisa kunye neenkqubo zentlalo ezixhaswa ngemali yi-PAPIIT (IG400813) phantsi koxanduva lukaNjingalwazi uJosé Daniel Manzano Aguilia.
Uyilo—oluphefumlelwe yipentomino—lwaqalwa umthombo ovulekileyo nangaphantsi kwe-copyleft (ububhali boyilo olwabiwe nguYuri Aguilar), kunye nemveliso elula kunye namaxwebhu oluntu ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu ungabandakanyiweyo kwinkqubo. Le ndlela ihambelana nentshukumo umenzi kunye nefilosofi evulekileyo, ekufutshane namava afana ne-Open Source Ecology, ephakamisa i-ecosystems yezixhobo ezisisiseko ezivulekileyo njengendawo yokuzimela.
Kwinqanaba lobugcisa kunye nokusebenziseka, iprojekthi ibonise indlela ulwazi olusebenzayo Oku kukwalulwazi olusemthethweni: umzekelo, ukulungelelanisa izitulo-ukusuka kwiikreyiti zezolimo ukuya kwiikreyiti zesiselo eziphakamileyo-uphuculo lwe-ergonomics kunye nohlengahlengiso olulula kunye nokuphindaphinda. Ezi ntlobo zezisombululo, ezihlala zijongelwa phantsi kwiindawo zemfundo, zibonisa ukuba ubukrelekrele boyilo bukwalele kwiinkcukacha nasekuphindaphindeni ngentsebenziswano.
Ukuthunyelwa kwePolimino kwaba yi umzamo wekwayalaUmmelwane (uNjingalwazi Mayo) wanikela ngobugcisa obungalungiswanga bokuseka indawo yokusebenzela; I-UNAM inikele ngeenkuni; umgca wemveliso waququzelelwa kunye ne-fretwork, sanding, ukomba, kunye nokuhlanganisa; amalungu eGIAE_, iRhinoceros Image Workshop, abamelwane, kunye namalungu osapho athathe inxaxheba. Olu thungelwano lwezandla kunye nezigqibo luvelise esinye isifundo: "indawo yokuhlala" ayisiyondlu okanye iplaza kuphela, kodwa iseti yolungelelwaniso lwesithuba Benza ingqiqo ngemisebenzi kunye nobudlelwane abababambayo.
Ukuze uqonde oku, kuyanceda ukucinga malunga nombono we i sixhobo (Agamben): uthungelwano olungafaniyo lweentetho, amaziko, izinto, izithethe, kunye nezenzo. IPoliminó, ke, isebenze njengonxibelelwano lwezixhobo zenkcubeko ezibanzi (ulawulo, imfundo noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, usasazo, njl.njl.), evumela ukuxutywa koluleko kunye nentatho-nxaxheba.
Ukudala ngokubambisana nolutsha: iimarquees, iifacade kunye nepulque
Phantsi kwesambrela ye "HTM Culture Factory", iprojekthi yaphuhliswa kunye ne INgqungquthela yeMeyile Eyonakeleyo Kwidolophu yaseSan Pedro Mártir (isiXeko saseMexico), kwindawo yabo ezimeleyo “El Semillero.” Apho, kwakhiwa i-marquee eyathi, ngaphezu kweyomzimba, isebenza njenge umjelo wonxibelelwano noluntu, ehambelana neendlela zokufunda ngenkonzo: ukufunda ngokwenza nokubuyisela ixabiso kubume bendawo.
Lo msebenzi wawusenziwa kunye nabantu abaselula—uMaría, uJoyce, uViridiana, uPedro neqela lakhe lomculo—behlanganisana. uyilo lomyalezo kunye nokwenziwa kunye nokufakwa kwesakhiwo, umsebenzi owawufuna ulungelelwaniso ngenxa yobukhulu kunye nobunzima bawo. Emva kweso sibophelelo sokuqala, bawandisa umnqweno wabo: ukulwa I-facade epheleleyo Ngesango eliphindwe kabini njenge-pulque dispenser ngeempelaveki (inxalenye yeprojekthi yabo yenkcubeko nezoqoqosho), bavumela ukungena kunye nokongeza iindonga zokuhlala. Iziphumo zomeleze uluvo lokuba ngumntu kunye nokuba luncedo kolwakhiwo oludibeneyo ekuguquleni iindawo zemihla ngemihla ngenkcubeko nolutsha.
Amaqhinga asedolophini: ukuhlala kwindawo yokuhlangana ukuze ufumane enye kwenye
Esinye isiphumo solu qheliselo kuku amaqhinga asedolophiniUngenelelo olulula kunye nolwexeshana oluvuselela izithuba ezingasetyenziswanga. “La Okuplaza” UNAM-Santiago, eyasungulwa ngentsebenziswano neqela laseChile iCiudad Emergente ngo-2014, yahlala kwindawo yokuphumla yasedolophini ukuyiguqula okwexeshana isikwere kunye nendawo yoluntu kwinkonzo yabantu, ngaphakathi kwesakhelo seSikolo sokuQala sasekwindla kwi-Tactical Urbanism eququzelelwe ne-GIAE_.
Isixhobo esidityanisiweyo kunye nolwazi: umzekelo, Isiqithi saseUrban Izise ubugcisa bokuvunwa kwamanzi emvula kuluntu, kwaye abameli abavela eSantiago Tepalcatlalpan babelane ngomsebenzi wabo wokulondoloza indawo yendalo kunye neyasemaphandleni. Ukulandela i-Bourriaud, ungenelelo lusebenze njenge intlalontle: i-parenthesis ye-spatiotemporal apho ezinye izingqisho kunye nobudlelwane bunokuthi buphinde buphinde buphinde bubaleke kwingqiqo yenzuzo kwaye buvumele ukutshintshiselana kwabantu okucebileyo.
Imeko yocweyo lwevidiyo kunye nabatyibilizi abancinci, eququzelelwa ngu-Ivonne Nava, iyaxela. Ekuseni bakha iqonga leefowuni eziphathwayo; emini emaqanda Yarekhodwa ngelixa i-skating Kwaye emva kwemini, iividiyo zaboniswa kwindawo enye. Amathuba amathathu athi, adityaniswe kunye, abonise indlela iqhinga ledolophu elivula ngayo ibala lokufunda, ukwenza, kunye nokubhiyozelwa kunye, kungekho ziseko zoncedo ngaphandle ukukulungela ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye nobukrelekrele obuncinci.
Xa ubugcisa buba luncedo: ukuziqhelanisa nekamva
Kwingxoxo yangoku, umzobi uTania Bruguera uphakamisa “ubugcisa obuluncedo”Uqheliselo, olusuka kubugcisa, lunika iziphumo eziluncedo ngokucacileyo ebantwini. Akunjalo malunga nokuleyibheliza yonke into, kodwa malunga nokuqonda ubugcisa njenge indawo yokuziqhelanisa nekamva, ukuziphatha “ngokungathi” kukho iimeko ezinqwenelekayo yaye ngaloo ndlela zibasondeza ngakumbi.
Ukukhanya kweemeko zangaphambili, le ngcamango ifana neglavu. Kwi i-lab yefab Nokuba uvela eBilbao, indawo eyenza umntu azilawule eMadrid, okanye i-kiosk eTlalpan, into kukuba ubudlelwane phakathiUlwazi luyatshintshwa kwaye ubugcisa bunikwe amandla ngendlela elungeleleneyo ukuze abantu abahluke kakhulu benze izinto kunye. Luqheliselo “lokuguqulela”: ayingomyalezo nje okanye into nje, yibhulorho leyo idibanisa uluntu kwaye loo nto ikwasinxulumanisa nokungengomntu (izinto eziphathekayo, okusingqongileyo, amanzi), okubhijela yonke into kwintlaninge yeziphumo.
Izixhobo, ulwazi kunye noqoqosho lwemihla ngemihla
Ezi zithuba zisebenza ngendibaniselwano ye oomatshini abafikelelekayo kunye nolwazi ekwabelwana ngalokodwa kunye neziseko zoqoqosho eziphantsi kakhulu. Kwimeko ye-Espacio Open kunye neFab Lab Bilbao, inkxaso yoluntu, iiprojekthi ezikhuphisanayo, kunye nemisebenzi ehlawulwayo (izifundo kunye neendibano zocweyo) zihlala kunye nengeniso yemihla ngemihla evela. ibha kunye nevenkile edityaniswe kuqoqosho lwesetyhula kunye nefashoni ezinzileyoEMadrid, ukuzimela kukaMakespace kubandakanya ukuthatha irenti kunye nokuthengwa kwezixhobo phakathi koluntu, kunye noxanduva olupheleleyo.
Ngokwezinto eziphathekayo, izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya abasiki belaser, abashicileli be-3D, iisarha zemiter, iidrill kunye neebhanki ze-elektroniki. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo yindlela ulwazi olusasazwa ngayo kwaye lugcinwe ngayo: iiseshoni ezivulekileyo, iindawo zokuhlala, intsebenziswano nezikolo, amakhonkco ukuqalisa-ups kunye neeprojekthi zoqoqosho ezijikelezayo, kunye neenethiwekhi zamazwe ngamazwe eziququzelela ukuphindaphinda kunye nokulungelelanisa iinkqubo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Esi sakhiwo sothungelwano sibonakala kwi imephu yehlabathi ye-fab labsIxinene kakhulu kwimimandla efana neBelgium neNetherlands kwaye ikhula kulo lonke elaseSpain naseLatin America. Ngaphandle kwezikhonkwane, into ebalulekileyo kukuba loo manqaku adibanisa. ukuthemba kunye nobuchule kwinqanaba lengingqi, ukwandisa ukuzimela kobuchwepheshe kunye nokucinga okuhlangeneyo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukusuka "kukwenza ngokwakho" ukuya "masenze kunye," intambo eqhelekileyo ... ulwabiwo lwentlalo lobuchwephesha ngendlela esekwe kuluntu: ukulungisa oko kwaphukileyo, ukuzama izinto ezintsha, ukuhambisa oko kufundiweyo, kunye nokuvuselela iindawo zokuhlanganisana ezivumela ukwahluka kweetalente kunye neemfuno ezikhoyo kwindawo nganye.
Xa udityanisiwe, imizekelo yaseBilbao, yaseMadrid, nesiXeko saseMexico ibonisa intaphane yeendlela zokuziphatha ezibuyelanayo enye kwenye: iilabhoratri ezigcina inkumbulo yobumelwaneImibutho eqhuba ucweyo ukusuka ekuqaleni kunye neendibano eziphinda zimise indawo nge-awnings, iifacade zokuhlala, kunye neeplaza zethutyana. Kuzo zonke iimeko, kuvela isithembiso esifanayo: ngezixhobo ekwabelwana ngazo, iindlela zokusebenza ezivulekileyo, kunye nokuzimisela ukusebenzisana, kuyenzeka ukudala iziseko zophuhliso ezifikelelekayo ezikhuthaza ukufunda, ushishino, kunye noluntu. Kwaye, nangona ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka balwe nerenti ephezulu okanye ukutshintshwa kwezigqibo zeziko, uluntu-xa lufumene isingqisho salo-luyayazi indlela yokunyamezela.
