Kuyaziwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe ifosili yeefuweli Inomhla wokuphelelwa. Amalahle, i-oyile kunye negesi yendalo azinayo nje ixesha elimisiweyo lokudinwa kwazo, kodwa zezona zizathu ziphambili zeengxaki zehlabathi ezifana nokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ungcoliseko lomoya ojikeleze umhlaba Inoxanduva lokufa kwamawakawaka kwangaphambi kwexesha ngonyaka eSpain. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zifuna ikamva lekhabhoni esezantsi emoyeni.
Kweli nqaku siza kuqhuba uhlalutyo olunzulu malunga nokuba ikamva lekhabhoni elisezantsi liyakuba yintoni, iimpembelelo ezinxulumeneyo kunye nemilinganiselo ephunyezwayo ukuyifeza. Phonononga kunye nathi imeko enokuba yekamva elingekude. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane yonke into.
Ngaba kuya kubakho ikhabhoni encinci kwixa elizayo?
Ngumbuzo osezingqondweni zabaninzi. Iinkampani ezizinikele ekutsalweni nasekusetyenzweni kwamafutha efosili zixhomekeke kwimfuno eqhubekayo ukuze ziphile. Nangona kunjalo, Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwala mafutha angcolisayo ukulungelwa koluntu lwethu kunye nempilo yeplanethi.
Okwangoku, sele kukho ukuhla kwexabiso leoli, nto leyo ebonisa ukuhla kwemfuno. Njengoko kuvela amandla ahlaziyekayo, iinkampani ezivelisa ioli namalahle zijongene nokuncipha kwengeniso. Lo mkhwa wehlabathi jikelele; amazwe afana I-China ne-Indiya zikunciphise kakhulu ukusebenzisa kwazo amalahle, ekhuthaze utyalo-mali kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo kwaye ithande iteknoloji eluhlaza.
Ukusetyenziswa kancinci kwezibaso zefosili kuneenzuzo ezibonakalayo: iphucula umgangatho womoya, inciphisa ukufa kwangaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yongcoliseko kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezobuchwepheshe kwintsimi yamandla acocekileyo. Ukongeza, utshintsho kumandla ahlaziyekayo luvelise imisebenzi emininzi kumacandelo afana namandla omoya kunye nelanga, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho oluzinzileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ikamva alisekelwanga kuphela kwizinto ezivuselelekayo xa kuthelekiswa namafutha efosili. Yena igesi yendalo, enye i-fossil fuel, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiqhinga lenguqu kuba ayingcolisi kangako. Nangona iqhubeka nokukhupha iigesi zegreenhouse, iboniswa njengokhetho oluphakathi kolu tshintsho lwamandla ehlabathi.
Isidingo sekamva lekhabhoni esezantsi
Irhasi yendalo isisibaso esibalulekileyo, njengoko inako ukubonelela amakhaya kunye nemizi mveliso ngobuchule obuthe kratya kunye nokukhutshwa kokungcoliseko okumbalwa kunamalahle. Oku kudityaniswa kokusebenza kakuhle nokufikeleleka kuye kwathetha ukuba kwiindawo ezininzi, njengaseTshayina, igesi yendalo ithabathel’ indawo amalahle njengowona mthombo uphambili wamandla.
Nangona kunjalo, igesi yendalo ayisosisombululo siqinisekileyo. Nangona ikhupha i-CO2 encinci kunezinye izibaso zefosili, isenegalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu. Enyanisweni, iteknoloji ezifana i-biogas kunye ne-hydrogen eluhlaza zivela njengezinye iindlela ezicocekileyo zexesha elizayo. Ukuveliswa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza, efunyenwe nge-electrolysis yamanzi usebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo, ayivelisi ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kumashishini anzima kunye nokuthutha.
Ukufezekisa ikamva elisezantsi lekhabhoni, amazwe afana nalawo akwi European Union Sele bephumeze izicwangciso zamabhongo. Umzekelo, irhasi yendalo kuqikelelwa ukuba yeyona mithombo yamandla ibalulekileyo ngo-2030, ukususa amalahle. La manyathelo afuna ukuzuza ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwemveliso yamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.
Ngapha koko, imithombo yamandla efana ukuqhekeka kunye nentlabathi yetela zibonakalise zingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye ziyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo, oko kubangele ukuvalwa kwemigodi kunye neenkampani zokumba amalahle. Ngokufutshane, imfuno yamafutha efosili iyehla, nto leyo ekhawulezisa inguqu ukuya kwimodeli ezinzileyo.
Ukuphela kwezibaso
Ukwehla kwamafutha efosili kusemnyango. Amandla acocekileyo aqhubela phambili ngokuxhuma kunye nemida, kwaye uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba ngo-2050, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunokuncitshiswa kumanqanaba amancinci, ukuba akupheli ngokupheleleyo.
I-decarbonization yehlabathi jikelele iqhubela phambili ngokubulela kwizinto ezintsha ezihlaziyiweyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nobuchwepheshe obufana nokubanjwa kwekhabhoni. Le yokugqibela ibalulekile kumacandelo ekunzima ukuwafaka umbane, afana nenqwelomoya okanye ishishini elinzima. Iiprojekthi zokulinga eYurophu naseMntla Melika sele zibonisa iziphumo ezithembisayo ekubanjweni nasekugcinweni kwe-CO2.
Umzekelo ngulo we Uphando, eye yaqhubela phambili isicwangciso sayo sokufezekisa i-100% yokunikezelwa kwamandla acocekileyo kuzo zonke izibonelelo zayo. Ngokusebenzisa imithombo ehlaziyiweyo, bahlawula kangangoko banako kusetyenziso lwazo lwamandla kwihlabathi liphela, bemisela umzekelo kwamanye amazwe ngamazwe.
Icandelo lezothutho nalo lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kolu tshintsho. Iilori zombane kunye neenqwelo ze-hydrogen-powered zenza ukuba njengezona ndlela ziphambili kumafutha efosili. Ukufakelwa kombane kwizithuthi zasezidolophini ngeebhasi kunye neemoto zombane kuya kunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko ezidolophini.
Ukongeza, ezinye iinkampani ziphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwe-biofuels ephucukileyo, enekhabhoni esezantsi kakhulu kunamafutha efosili yemveli. Obu buchwephesha butsha, kunye nokutshintshela ekufakeni umbane ngokupheleleyo, zikhokelela ishishini kwikamva elicocekileyo nelisebenzayo.
Utshintsho oluya kwikamva elisezantsi lekhabhoni linqwenela kakhulu kwaye linokwenzeka kunangaphambili. Ngenkqubela phambili kumandla ahlaziyekayo, ukufakelwa kombane kwezothutho, kunye nokwamkelwa kwezisombululo ezintsha ezifana ne-hydrogen eluhlaza, ihlabathi lisiya kuqoqosho olucocekileyo, olusempilweni. Njengoko amazwe amaninzi aphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa, sisendleleni eya kwikamva elingenakhabhoni, sishiya ngasemva ilifa leoli kunye namalahle, kwaye sisiya kwiplanethi ezinzileyo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.