Ikamva lezolimo: Izityalo ezondliwa yinitrogen emoyeni

ulimo oluzinzileyo

I-nitrojeni sesona sondlo sibalulekileyo kwimveliso yezityalo, kodwa sesinye sezona zinzima ukulawula. Le khompawundi ibalulekile kwimveliso yezolimo yehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, i-nitrogen engaphezulu kwezichumisi ingena kwindawo, ekhokelela kwimiphumo eyingozi.

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha malunga ukubaluleka kwenitrogen kwezolimo kunye nendlela izityalo ezithile ezinokutyiswa ngayo ngenitrogen evela emoyeni.

Yintoni ukubaluleka kwenitrogen ekukhuleni kwezityalo?

imitha yenitrogen

I-Nitrojeni idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizityalo nakubantu, kuba isetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-amino acids ezivelisa iiproteni ezinoxanduva lokwakhiwa kweeseli kwaye zenza enye yezinto ezisisiseko ze-DNA. Ngaphandle koko, I-nitrogen ibalulekile ekukhuleni kwezityalo, njengoko yeyona nto iphambili kwi-chlorophyll, umxube ovumela izityalo ukuba zisebenzise amandla okukhanya kwelanga ukuze ziguqule amanzi kunye nekharbon diokside zibe yiswekile.

Umjikelo wenitrogen usekelwe kuthotho lweenkqubo apho initrogen idlula kwiatmosfera iye emhlabeni, idlule emhlabeni ize ekugqibeleni ibuyele emoyeni.

Inkqubo iqala ngokulungiswa kwebhayoloji yenitrogen, Isiganeko apho iibhaktheriya ezilungisa initrogen ezihlala kwiingcambu zembotyi ziguqula izinto eziphilayo zibe yiammonium., ethi ke iguqulelwe kwi-nitrate. Izityalo zinokufunxa i-nitrate emhlabeni kwaye ziyifake kwi-nitrogen eyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwazo, ngelixa iibhaktheriya eziphikisayo ziququzelela ukuguqulwa kwe-nitrate engaphezulu kwi-nitrogen engaphiliyo, ethi emva koko ikhutshelwe emoyeni.

I-nitrate egqithisileyo, okanye elahlekileyo ngenxa ye-leaching (xa izondlo ezibalulekileyo zichithwa yimvula okanye unkcenkceshelo), inamandla okungena kunye nokungcolisa imithombo yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba.

Iyintoni indima yezichumisi zenitrogen?

initrogen kwizityalo

Kwiminyaka eyiwaka, uluntu lwalungakhathali kakhulu ngenitrogen. Noko ke, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Kuye kwacaca ukuba izenzo zezolimo ezinzulu zinciphisa amanqanaba e-nitrate yomhlaba, okukhokelela kuloyiko malunga nokunyuka kwabemi behlabathi kunye nesisongelo esisemnyango sengxaki yokutya.

Emva koshishino lwemveliso, ukuqaliswa kwezichumiso zenitrogen zokwenziwa kwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni imveliso. Inguquko eluhlaza, ekhokelele ekunyukeni okukhulu kwemveliso yezolimo yehlabathi ukusukela ekupheleni koo-1960. Ngeli xesha, zombini iMexico kunye nezizwe zaseIndiya kunye nePakistan ziye zafumana ukuzimela kwimveliso yengqolowa, nangona zisecicini lendlala.

Kwinkqubo yezolimo yangoku, ukubaluleka kwezichumiso zenitrogen zokwenziwa kukhule ngokuphawulekayo. Ngelo xesha, Imveliso yehlabathi idlula i-100 lezigidi zeetoni zolu rhwebo ngonyaka, kunye noqikelelo oluvela kwi-Food and Agriculture Organisation yeZizwe eziManyeneyo lubonisa ukuba imfuno kulindeleke ukuba inyuke ngokuthe ngcembe, ngakumbi kwimimandla efana ne-Afrika kunye ne-South Asia.

Ngaba iyasebenza kwixesha elide?

izazinzulu ezifunda ngezityalo

Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yehlabathi, umngeni wolawulo lwenitrogen ulele ekuboneleleni ngenitrogen eyaneleyo ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokhuseleko lokutya kwihlabathi ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukukhutshwa kwenitrogen engaphezulu, Amaxesha angama-300 ayingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo kunekharbon diokside.

Kwiindawo ezithile, ukunqongophala kwenitrogen kuthintela impumelelo yokutya kunye nokhuseleko lwesondlo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kweminye imimandla, phantse amashumi amahlanu eepesenti zesichumiso senitrogen esisetyenziswa kwezolimo sibalekela kokusingqongileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi ezifana nezi. imingcipheko eyandileyo yokusingqongileyo, ukonakaliswa komhlaba okungenakulungiseka kunye nokungcoliswa kobutyebi bamanzi.

Lo mba unokusonjululwa ngokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenitrogen, esekelwe kubalo oluxubeneyo olusoloko lufuna uthelekiso phakathi kwe-biomass yesityalo (ingakumbi isivuno soqoqosho) okanye isiqulatho/ukuthathwa kwenitrogen (isivuno) kunye nenitrogen egalelwayo (igalelo) ngomgquba okanye ngokwenziwa izichumisi. Ngokwandisa obu budlelwane, akukonyuswa kwemveliso yezityalo kuphela, kodwa ilahleko yokusingqongileyo nayo iyancitshiswa ngolawulo olucokisekileyo lwe-agronomic, inegalelo kuphuculo lwexesha elide kumgangatho womhlaba.

Okwangoku, umndilili wehlabathi jikelele wokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwenitrogen awugqithi kuma-50%, ngaphantsi kwama-67% aqikelelwa ukuba ayimfuneko ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokutya zehlabathi ngo-2050., ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuba i-nitrogen engaphezulu ihlala ngaphakathi kwimida eyamkelekileyo yomoya kunye nomgangatho wamanzi.

Nangona izisombululo zetekhnoloji eziphambili zolawulo lwe-nitrogen zivela, amafama anokufikelela uphuculo olukhawulezileyo ekusebenziseni initrogen ngokufanelekileyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukufakwa kwesichumiso, ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zenitrogen ezicothayo, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezichanekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwenitrogen (ezifana neGreen Seeker) okanye ngokumilisela i-fertigation ngokunkcenkceshela.

Iteknoloji efanelekileyo

Inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo yenziwe kuphuhliso lobuchwepheshe obujolise kulawulo olusebenzayo lwenitrogen, oluthe, ludibene neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zezolimo, lubonise amandla okuphucula izivuno zezityalo. Le ndlela iphucula ukusetyenziswa kwenitrogen kwaye inciphisa intshiyekela yenitrogen kwizityalo.

Abaphandi baphonononga i Izibonelelo zebhayoloji inhibition ye nitrification, indlela izityalo ezikhupha ngayo izinto ezichaphazela umjikelo wenitrogen emhlabeni.. Le nto yendalo, ebonwa kwingca ethile kunye nezalamani zasendle zengqolowa, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ngokubonakalayo ukukhutshwa kwenitrogen.

Ngo-2007, abaphandi bachonga iimpawu ze-biological nitrification kwisihlobo sengqolowa, kwaye ngo-2018, badlulisela ngempumelelo ezi mpawu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengqolowa yaseTshayina yasentwasahlobo. Nangona iziphumo zokuqala zibonise imveliso ephantsi kwaye zisekwizigaba zokuqala zophuhliso, izazinzulu zinomdla wokuvavanya usetyenziso olunokwenzeka lwale nkqubo kwiindidi zengqolowa zorhwebo kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba uphumelele, obu bugcisa bunamandla okuba nefuthe elibonakalayo ekuphunyezweni kweenjongo zokusetyenziswa kwenitrogen yehlabathi jikelele.


Shiya uluvo lwakho

Idilesi yakho ye email aziyi kupapashwa. ezidingekayo ziphawulwe *

*

*

  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
  5. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
  6. Amalungelo: Ngalo naliphi na ixesha unganciphisa, uphinde uphinde ucime ulwazi lwakho.