Ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwe izityalo zamandla ombane ngamalahle eVietnam kukhokelele ekwandeni kongcoliseko lomoya, okunefuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo. Le nto yenzeke ngokunxuseneyo nokukhula okunamandla koqoqosho lweli lizwe, okuthe kwabangela imfuno yombane. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuzibophelela kwamandla kuzisa ukuwohloka okukhulu kumgangatho womoya kwizixeko eziphambili ezifana neHanoi kunye neHo Chi Minh, apho abantu babonakaliswe kumazinga aphezulu okungcola.
Kwi-2017, iHanoi yayisele iphakathi kwezona zixeko zichaphazelekayo, kuphela Iintsuku ezingama-38 zomoya ococekileyo. Ngokutsho kwengxelo yeGreenID (iZiko leVietnamese lokuVeliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye noPhuhliso), inkunzi iphindwe kane kumanqanaba avunyelwe yiWorld Health Organization (WHO). Imeko iye yaba mandundu kumaxesha akutshanje, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yezixhobo zombane ezibaswa ngamalahle, kodwa nangenxa yokwanda kwezithuthi kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kushishino olungqongileyo.
Ukomeleza ezinye iindlela kwizityalo zamandla kuphela kwesisombululo sexesha elide esisebenzayo.
Amaziko ombane amalahle amaninzi ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo
Ukukhula koqoqosho lwaseVietnam kuzise uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili. I-GDP yelizwe inyuke nge-315% phakathi ko-1991 no-2012, kodwa le nkqubela ibe neendleko eziphezulu kakhulu zokusingqongileyo: Iigesi zeGreenhouse zikhule nge-937% kwangelo xesha linye. Amandla avela kumalahle, abonwa njengomthombo wexabiso eliphantsi nofikelelekayo, ebengundoqo kule nkqubo, kodwa iziphumo kumgangatho womoya ziyingozi.
IVietnam okwangoku inezityalo zamalahle ezingama-26 ezisebenzayo kwaye elo nani kulindeleke ukuba linyuke libe yi-51 nge-2030, livutha ngaphezulu. I-129 yezigidi zeetoni zamalahle ngonyaka. Oku kukhula kusabela kwimfuno yelizwe yokuvelisa ngaphezulu kwe-50% yamandla alo kulo mthombo, nto leyo ibeka uxanduva kwizibophelelo zamazwe ngamazwe zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko.
Esinye sezona zityalo zinamandla kakhulu ziya kubakho eLong An, iphondo elikufutshane neHo Chi Minh. Ngokoqikelelo lweZiko leVietnamese lokuVeliswa kokuHlaza kunye noPhuhliso, ukusebenza kwesi sityalo kuya kuphakamisa umthamo wothuli emoyeni kwezinye iindawo ukuya kumanqanaba othusayo: Amaxesha ali-11 aphezulu kunalawo abhalisiweyo ngo-2014. Ukongeza, i-sulphur oxide iya kuphindaphinda nge-7 kunye ne-nitrate oxide nge-4, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu kwiVietnam ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo zayo zamazwe ngamazwe ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwayo nge-25% ngo-2030.
Ukufa kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye nefuthe kwimpilo
Impembelelo yongcoliseko kwimpilo yoluntu inkulu kakhulu. Uphononongo oludibeneyo lwe IGreenpeace kunye neYunivesithi yaseHarvard Iqikelela ukuba inani lokufa kwangaphambi kwexesha eVietnam elibangelwa izityalo zamalahle liya kwanda ngokuphindwe kahlanu ngo-2030. Kwi-2011, malunga ne-4.000 yokufa kwangaphambi kwexesha ngonyaka yayanyaniswa nongcoliseko lomoya olubangelwa zezi zityalo. Ngo-2030, elo nani kulindeleke ukuba libe ngaphaya Kusweleke ama-20.000.
Umongameli weBhanki yehlabathi uKim Yong Kim wongezelela kwinkomfa kwi-2016 ukuba iVietnam iyaqhubeka nomgaqo-nkqubo onobundlobongela wokwandisa izityalo zamandla ombane wamalahle, iziphumo aziyi kuchaphazela kuphela ilizwe, kodwa zinokuba nefuthe elibi kwilizwe lonke .
Ubunzulu bemeko bubangele ukuba amanye amazwe kunye nemibutho yezemali ayeke ukuxhasa olu hlobo lweziseko. IBhanki yehlabathi, eyayibambisene ekwakhiweni kwezityalo zamalahle eMzantsi-mpuma Asia, yabhengeza ukuba ukusukela ngo-2019 iyakuyeka ukuxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi zamalahle. Nangona kunjalo, iVietnam ngoku ifuna inkxaso-mali kuMzantsi Korea, eJapan naseTshayina, uqoqosho olunolawulo olukhulu lokusingqongileyo kodwa oluqale ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwawo kumalahle.
Amalahle ngokuchasene namandla ahlaziyekayo
Nangona izilumkiso ezivela kwiingcali kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, iVietnam iyaqhubeka ithembele kumalahle ngenxa yobunzima bezobuchwepheshe kunye nobuchwepheshe ekuphuhliseni amandla avuselelekayo. Ngokutsho kukaHoang Quoc Vuong, uSekela Mphathiswa wezoShishino waseVietnam, amandla elanga kunye nomoya, nangona ethembisa, ayikaboneleli ukuzinza okufunekayo ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yamandla ekhulayo yelizwe.
Le ngxabano iphikisana namandla okuba iVietnam inawo amandla avuselelekayo. Ilizwe linandipha iiyure ezininzi zokukhanya kwelanga kwaye iindawo ezininzi zejografi zilungele ukufakelwa kweefama zomoya. Nangona kunjalo, ukunqongophala kweziseko zophuhliso, uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe olulambathayo kunye notyalo-mali olunyiniweyo kweli candelo luthintela utshintsho lokwenene lwamandla.
Kwimeko yehlabathi apho amazwe amaninzi nangakumbi ebeka phambili amandla acocekileyo, iVietnam ibonakala isemva. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye ii-NGOs ezifana ne-GreenID kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe iyaqhubeka iphinda igxininisa ukubaluleka kokutshintshela kumandla acocekileyo, kungekhona nje ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kokusingqongileyo, kodwa ngenxa yemiphumo eyintlekele ngokubhekiselele kwimpilo yoluntu ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle kuya kuqhubeka. ukufumana.
Kukho inkxalabo ekhulayo malunga nokuzinza kwemodeli yamandla eVietnam, kwaye ngelixa amalahle angabonakala njengesisombululo esikhawulezayo kwaye esincinci, iziphumo zexesha elide zingabiza kakhulu ngokwempilo, umgangatho womoya kunye nokuzibophezela kwemozulu yamazwe ngamazwe.