Ukunyaniseka kwe- Isakhelo sokuSebenza seMigodi yeMigodi kunye neMigodi yeMigodi 2013-2018 iphawule inqaku elibalulekileyo kushishino lwamalahle eSpain. Esi sicwangciso siquka ulawulo lokuvalwa ngocwangco kwecandelo kunye nokuseka uncedo lwezoqoqosho ukunciphisa iziphumo kwimimandla yemigodi. Ukususela ekuphunyezweni kwayo, bekuxoxiwe ngokubanzi ukuba ingaba umgodi wamalahle unekamva kusini na kumxube wamandla ombane welizwe.
Umxholo weNkqubo-sikhokelo yokuSebenza
El Isakhelo sokuSebenza sokuMbiwa kwamalahle Yayiyinxalenye yothotho lweenzame zikarhulumente zokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho utshintsho olunobulungisa kubasebenzi beshishini, ngelixa behambelana nemithetho yemo engqongileyo ye-European Union. Esi sicwangciso siquka imilinganiselo ethile ukusuka kumhlala-phantsi phambi kwexesha ukuya ekugxothweni okukhuthazwayo, ukongeza ekudalweni kwengxowa-mali yokuvuselela imimandla yemigodi.
Ekupheleni kweNkqubo-sikhokelo ngo-2018, kukho ukwanda kokungaqiniseki kubo bobabini abasebenzi kunye nemimandla exhomekeke kwimigodi. Iimanyano ezifana neCCOO, UGT kunye ne-USO zifune ukwandiswa okanye isicwangciso esitsha oko kuya kuvumela ishishini ukuba ligcinwe ngaphaya kwalo mhla.
Uthethathethwano oluqhutywe kunye noMphathiswa wezaMandla, omelwe nguDaniel Navia, lujikeleze uhlengahlengiso olunokwenzeka lwesicwangciso. Iimanyano, nangona kunjalo, zibonise ukuxhathisa okumandla kumfuziselo othe wanenyhweba yokuvalwa kwangoko kwemigodi ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ushishino olusebenzayo kwakhona.
Le meko iye yavelisa izimvo ezahlukeneyo, kumacandelo ezopolitiko nezoshishino. Ngelixa i Ummiselo wasebukhosini malunga nokuvalwa kwezityalo zamandla ezishushu yayiyilelwe ukukhuthaza utshintsho lwamandla olusingise kumandla avuselelekayo, abaninzi bawubona lo mlinganiso njengoyingozi kwimimandla apho amandla oqoqosho ajikeleze icandelo lamalahle.
Isikhundla semibutho
Iimanyano, ikakhulu UGT kunye neCCOO, yagxininisa ukubaluleka kokugcina inxalenye yamalahle emveli kumxube wamandla. Ngokweengxelo zabo, ukuvala ngequbuliso kuya kuthetha ukulahlekelwa ngamawaka emisebenzi kunye nelaphu lemizi-mveliso ebengenakukwazi ukutshintshwa kwixesha elifutshane.
La UGT waxoxa ukuba, "ukuzinikela kwe-European Union kunye noorhulumente belizwe akufanele kugxininise kuphela ekuvaleni imigodi, kodwa ukuyigcina ngelixa ikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwakhona kwemimandla yemigodi."
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, i-CCOO ikhusele isikhundla sokuba i Amalahle esizwe kufuneka aqhubeke abe yinxalenye yomxube wamandla ngaphaya kwe-2018. Yomibini imibutho igxininise ukubaluleka kokuqalisa kwakhona iiprojekthi ezinxulumene nokubanjwa nokugcinwa kwe-CO2, enye yeenjongo ezinkulu kwinqanaba laseYurophu ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kokungcola.
Iinkqubo zokuqhubekeka kwecandelo
Ukusuka kwiimanyano kunye noMphathiswa wezaMandla ngokwawo, iindlela ezinokuthi ziphunyezwe ukwandisa ubomi obuluncedo bemigodi kunye nezityalo ezishushu ezixhomekeke kumalahle esizwe zaxoxwa. Phakathi kwezindululo, kwacetywa ukukhuthaza ukufakwa kwamalahle kumxube wamandla phantsi kweekhrayitheriya “zesiqinisekiso sokubonelela”.
Esinye sezindululo esiqaphelekayo yayikukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwe I-CO2 yokubamba kunye neeprojekthi zokugcina, nto leyo eya kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kwaye igcine amalahle njengendlela esebenzayo ngokwembono yendalo esingqongileyo.
Ukongeza, ukuvuselelwa kwazo zonke iindlela ezinokuvumela ukuqhubeka kokusetyenziswa kwamalahle esizwe kwizityalo zamandla obushushu kwacetyiswa, ukuba nje zithobela imigaqo yokusingqongileyo esekwe yi-European Union.
I-Decarbonization: indlela engenakuthintelwa
Nangona iinzame zeemanyano zabasebenzi bokwandisa ubomi bamalahle, inyaniso yeyokuba I-Decarbonization yinjongo eqhelekileyo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yamandla yehlabathi. IKhomishini yaseYurophu, kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, ikhuthaze ukucutha okuqhubekayo ekusebenziseni amafutha eefosili ukuthobela izivumelwano Paris Pact kunye nokunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Oku kubangele ingxoxo enzulu malunga namanyathelo aza kuthathwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba «Utshintsho nje» engonzakalisi abasebenzi okanye uluntu oluxhomekeke kumalahle. I I-Global Alliance yokuphelisa amalahle, kunye neeNGO ezahlukeneyo ezifana neGreenpeace, zihlala zityhala ukuba ukuvalwa kwezityalo zamalahle kukhawuleziswe. E-Spain, kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2025 zonke iindawo zokuvelisa umbane ngamalahle ziya kube zingasebenzi.
Iinkampani ezifana ne-Endesa kunye ne-Iberdrola sele ziqalisile ukwenza oku kuvalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngokutsho kwengxelo ye-CCOO, ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle ngexesha elinye limele ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60% ye-CO2 ekhutshwayo eSpain, ekhokelele ekugxininiseni ngamandla kumandla avuselelekayo okutshintsha oku kuxhomekeka.
Izivumelwano zoTshintsho nje
Njengenxalenye yezivumelwano zokulawula ukuvalwa kwemigodi kunye nezityalo zamandla ze-thermal, ezibizwa ngokuba Izivumelwano zoTshintsho nje. Ezi zivumelwano ziyilelwe ukuthomalalisa iimpembelelo zentlalo noqoqosho ezibangelwa yi-decarbonization, ukuqinisekisa ingqesho kunye nokukhuthaza utyalo-mali kwiiprojekthi ezizinzileyo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo.
I-Endesa, i-Naturgy kunye ne-Iberdrola ibe ezinye zeenkampani ezibandakanyekayo kwezi zivumelwano, ezisayinwe kunye norhulumente kunye nemibutho. La maxwebhu abandakanya izibophelelo zoku gcina imisebenzi, qhaqha izityalo kunye nokubuyisela ngokusingqongileyo umgodi kunye nokusingqongileyo kwezityalo.
Elinye lawona manyathelo aphawuliweyo yi ukufuduswa kwabasebenzi achatshazelwa kumacandelo anxulumeneyo afana namandla ahlaziyekayo. Ngokunjalo, ezi zivumelwano zikhuthaza ukudalwa kwamathuba emisebenzi kuhlaziyo lwenkqubo yokuphilisana kwendalo kunye nokufakelwa kweziseko zophuhliso zamandla amatsha.
Ngapha koko, kweminye imimandla yase-Asturias naseLeón, iiprojekthi zolingo zokubuyiselwa kwendalo kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla acocekileyo sele ziqalisiwe.
Ukuvalwa kwemigodi kunye nokuphela kokusetyenziswa kwamalahle ekwenziweni kombane yinyani engenakuphepheka. Nangona kunjalo, iinzame zoTshintsho oluLungileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kwabasebenzi kunye noluntu oluchaphazelekayo luphawula indlela enethemba. Undoqo kule minyaka izayo iza kuba kukuqinisekisa uphuhliso lweeprojekthi zemizi-mveliso ezizinzileyo ezinokuthatha indawo yemisebenzi elahlekileyo kwaye iguqule ngokuncomekayo imimandla ebixhomekeke kwimigodi yamalahle.