Kunanini na ngaphambili kwimbali yoluntu, sinako izandla zethu kwikamva yesijikelezi-langa njengoko sisazi kwaye sijongene nothotho lwemicelimngeni ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo. Le mingeni, echaphazela zombini i-ecosystem kunye noluntu lwabantu, iye yaqinisa inkxalabo yehlabathi kwaye ifuna izisombululo eziphuthumayo nezizinzileyo.
Okulandelayo, siza kuhlalutya imingeni ephambili yokusingqongileyo esijongene nayo namhlanje, ukuba bayichaphazele njani iplanethi kunye nendalo enzima ezinokuvela ukuba amanyathelo afanelekileyo awathathwa.
Eyona mingeni iphambili kwindalo esingqongileyo
Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, siye sajongana nothotho lweengxaki zokusingqongileyo ukoyikisa ngokunzulu intlalo-ntle yesizukulwana sangoku nesexesha elizayo. Phakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo, sifumana:
- Ukukhula ikhawulezisiwe yabemi behlabathi.
- El ukudinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kobutyebi bezimbiwa.
- La Ukuxhatshazwa kobutyebi bokuloba kunye nokuthotywa komgangatho weelwandle.
- Ukunyuka kwe ngco liseko zomhlaba, umoya kunye namanzi.
- Ukuphela enkulu yezilwanyana nezityalo ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukwanda okubonakalayo kokukhutshwa kwe iigesi zegreenhouse (GHG), ezibangela ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ukwanda kwabemi
Esinye sezona zoyikiso zokusingqongileyo kukukhula engalawulekiyo yabemi. Ngo-Oktobha 30, 2011, abemi behlabathi bangaphezu kweebhiliyoni ezisi-7,000. Kwi-2016 bekukho ngaphezu kwe-7,400 yezigidigidi, kwaye ngo-2022 kuqikelelwa ukuba siya kudlula i-7,950 yezigidigidi, ngokweqonga. Iindlela zomhlaba. Uqikelelo luka-2050 lubonisa ukuba abantu banokufikelela kwi-10,000 yezigidi zabemi.
Oku kuthetha ukuthini uxinzelelo olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili kwimithombo yendalo: aba bantu be-10 yeebhiliyoni kuya kufuneka batye ukutya, amanzi, amandla, iimpahla, ukuhamba kunye nokufikelela kwimpahla esisiseko, nto leyo ibeka umngeni omkhulu wolungiselelo kunye nozinzo.
Ukufudukela kwabantu abaninzi kwiindawo zasezidolophini nako kube nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela esisebenzisa ngayo ubutyebi. Ngokoqikelelo lwe IBhanki ye hlabathi, malunga ne-56% yabemi behlabathi sele behlala kwimimandla yasezidolophini, ukwandisa imfuno yamandla kunye nemithombo.
Ukuloba, umzekelo, sele iphantsi kokuxhatshazwa okubalulekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zokuloba.
Ukuxhatshazwa okugqithisileyo
Ukwanda kwemfuno yokutya kwaselwandle kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwachukumisa, kuqhutywa ngokuyinxenye kukudityaniswa kwehlabathi kwizinto ezikhethwayo zokupheka. Izitya ezifana ne-sushi zifumene ukuthandwa kwehlabathi, okukhokelela ekwenyukeni kwemfuno yeentlobo ebezisetyenziswa kuphela kwimimandla ethile. Amazwe afana neSpain, apho intlanzi ibisoloko iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokutya, nayo yandise ukusetyenziswa kwayo ukuya kumanqanaba angazange abonwe ngaphambili.
Nangona kunjalo, le mfuno ibeke uxinzelelo olungazinzanga kubuncwane baselwandle. Ukuphuculwa kwezibonelelo zezothutho kuvumele iintlanzi ezintsha ukuba zityiwe naphina kulo mhlaba, kodwa oku kukhokelele iinqanawa zokuloba ukuba ziye kwiindawo ezikude zokuloba, zibeke iilwandle ekuxhatshazweni okungenakuthintelwa.
Ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo kufikelele kumanqanaba awoyikisayo. Ngokutsho kwe FAONgo-2019, i-34.2% yabalobi behlabathi baxhatshazwe ngokugqithisileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iintlobo ezininzi zifikelele kumthamo wazo wokubuyisela kwaye azikwazi ukuphinda zivelise abantu bazo ngesantya esikhawulezayo ngokwaneleyo ukugcina inqanaba langoku lokubambisa.
Utshintsho olubalulekileyo lwenzekile ngo-2003, unyaka apho i ukubanjiswa kweentlanzi kwincopho yehlabathi. Ukususela ngoko, umthamo weentlanzi ezithathwa elwandle uye wehla kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi zokuloba.
Isisombululo amazwe amaninzi asithathileyo ukuthomalalisa ifuthe lale ngxaki kukudalwa okukhulu iifama zeentlanzi, esivumela ukuba sinikeze imarike ngeentlobo eziveliswe ekuthinjweni. Ingxaki kukuba esi senzo singenazo iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo, ezifana nokungcoliseka kwamanzi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle kufutshane nezixhobo.
Ukuncipha kwemithombo yezimbiwa
Umhlaba wethu unawo izixhobo ezinesiphelo, kwaye uninzi lwazo luyaphela ngenxa yokungakhathali kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo. Izimbiwa kunye nezinye izibonelelo zendalo azibalulekanga kuphela kwimveliso yempahla yabathengi, kodwa kunye namashishini abalulekileyo afana nobuchwepheshe kunye namandla.
Umzekelo ocacileyo wokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezi zixhobo zifumaneka ekuxhatshazweni kwe iiminerali ezinqabileyo, njenge-cobalt kunye ne-lithium, ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni iibhetri kwizithuthi zombane kunye neemveliso zombane. Imfuno yezi zimbiwa ikhule ngokumandla kule minyaka yakutsha nje, nto leyo ekhokelele kuxhatshazo olukhulu kumazwe afana neDemocratic Republic of the Congo.
Ngokufanayo, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwamafutha efosili, njengeoli, kuye kwabangela ingxaki yamandla. Iingcali ziyavuma ukuba oovimba bezi zimbiwa kunye namafutha abasakwanelanga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zexesha elizayo ukuba utshintsho olumandla alwenziwanga kwiimodeli ze Uqoqosho olujikelezayo, ukurisayikilishwa kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo.
Ukuncipha kobutyebi akuchaphazeli unikezelo lwemveliso kuphela, kodwa nozinzo lokusingqongileyo. Ukukhutshwa okungalawulwayo kunokukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kweendawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo, ukungcoliswa komhlaba namanzi, kunye nokwanda kokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse.
Ikamva lehlabathi lisezandleni zethu
Ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni emininzi esijongene nayo yokusingqongileyo, yonke into ayilahlekanga. Enkosi kwinkqubela phambili yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, sinakho izixhobo ezingaphezulu kunangaphambili ukoyisa le miqobo kwaye uye kwikamva elizinzileyo.
Namhlanje sikuqonda ngakumbi kunangaphambili ukubaluleka kokwamkela imigaqo-nkqubo ebeka phambili nokuzinza. Umzekelo ocacileyo woku lutshintsho olusingise ku-a uqoqosho lwekhabhoni ephantsi, efuna ukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngokubheja kwimithombo yamandla avuselelekayo.
Nangona kunjalo, owona mceli-mngeni ulele kwisantya esiphumeza ngaso ezi zisombululo. Iingcali zilumkisa ukuba, nangona sinezixhobo zokunciphisa iziphumo ze kutshintsha kwe mozulu, ixesha liyinto ebaluleke ngakumbi. Ukunqongophala kwenyathelo eliqinisekileyo nelilungelelanisiweyo kwinqanaba lehlabathi kunokusikhokelela ekubeni sijongane neziphumo ezibi eziya kuthi zichaphazele ngokungenakulungiseka inkqubo yethu yendalo kunye noluntu.
Kwelinye icala, ulwazi loluntu lukwadlala indima ephambili kolu tshintsho. Izizukulwana ezitsha zibandakanyeka ngakumbi kumlo weplanethi enokuhlalwa ngakumbi kwaye zicinezela oorhulumente kunye neenkampani ukuba zithathe amanyathelo asebenzayo ukunciphisa ifuthe labo lokusingqongileyo.
Ulwazi kunye neteknoloji lelona thuba lethu lokumisa umonakalo esele siwubangele emhlabeni. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaqambisa ukuba kufuneka sisebenze ngokubambisana: oorhulumente, iinkampani kunye nabemi banendima ebalulekileyo ekwakheni ikamva eliqaqambileyo. ezinzileyo.
Isishwankathelo, nangona imingeni mininzi, ngolwazi kunye nentshukumo edibeneyo asikwazi nje ukunciphisa ezona ziphumo zibi kakhulu. kutshintsha kwe mozulu, kodwa siguqule uqoqosho lwethu nendlela yokuphila ukuze siqinisekise ikamva apho izizukulwana ezizayo zinokuyonwabela iplanethi enokuhlalwa.