La imitha yokutya, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-ionization, bubuchule obusetyenziselwa ukwandisa ubomi beshelufu kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lweemveliso zokutya. Ibandakanya ukuveza ukutya kwimitha ye-ionizing, njenge Imitha yegamma, X-reyi o ii-electron ezikhawulezayo. Le teknoloji inemvelaphi kwi-1940s, xa yaphuhliswa ngoososayensi baseFransi, ukujongana neemfuno zokugcinwa kokutya kutshintshiselwano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukutya okuhlanjululwayo kunokugcinwa ngcono, ukuthuthwa kumgama omde kwaye kugcinwe ixesha elide, ngenxa yokupheliswa kwe-microorganisms kunye nokuvinjelwa kweenkqubo ezifana nokuvuthwa okanye ukuhluma.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ungabhidanisi iradiation kunye ungcoliseko lwe-radioactive, ekubeni ukutya okufakwe iradiation akubi neradioactive. Bubuchule obuvunyiweyo kwaye bulawulwa ngabasemagunyeni abohlukeneyo bamazwe ngamazwe, njenge Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi (WHO) kunye ne FAO. Ngaphandle kweengenelo zako, ukulayishwa kokutya kuye kwaba ngumxholo wengxoxo ngenxa yeengozi ezinokubakho kwimpilo, kwendalo, kunye nesidima sokutya.
Izibonelelo zemitha yokutya
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zokutya irradiation kukuba ivumela ukutshabalalisa ii-microorganisms njengaye E. coli, Salmonella y Campylobacter, uxanduva lwezigulo zokutya. Oku kunegalelo elikhulu kukhuseleko lokutya kwihlabathi. Ukongezelela, i-irradiation igwema ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kweekhemikhali ukuze zigcinwe, inkalo exatyiswa ngakumbi ngumthengi oqaphelayo.
Kwinqanaba lolungiselelo, obu buchule buququzelela ukuthuthwa kokutya kwimigama emide. Ngokuthintela ukuvuthwa kwangaphambili kunye nokuyeka iinkqubo ezinjengokonakala, ukutya kuhlala kuhlaziyekile ixesha elide; into ebalulekileyo kuyo ukuthumela ngaphandle yeemveliso ezitshabalalayo. Ngapha koko, iradiation ingasetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kubandakanya ziqhamo, imifuno, inyama y intlanzi, ngaloo ndlela idlula ezinye iindlela zokulondoloza, ezifana nokukhenkceza, ezisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kuphela kwiintlobo ezithile zokutya.
Enye inzuzo kukuba, njengoko ayichaphazeli kakhulu i ixabiso lesondlo ukutya, ivumela ezininzi iimpawu zayo ezibalulekileyo ukuba zigcinwe ixesha elide xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela, ezifana pasteurization okanye ukufudumeza thermal. I-FAO kunye ne-WHO ziqinisekisa ukuba ukukhanya kukhuselekile ukuba kusetyenziswe kwiidosi ezaneleyo, njengoko kungavelisi ntsalela ekutyeni.
Umngcipheko wemitha
Phezu kwazo nje iingenelo zayo, amanye amacandelo oluntu, kuquka imibutho yabathengi nemekobume, aye avakalisa inkxalabo ngemiphumo yokukhanya kwemitha kwimpilo nasekutyeni. Enye yeengxoxo ezixoxwe kakhulu kukuba imitha ye-ionizing inako ukutshabalalisa iivithamini ezithile, njenge-vitamin C kunye ne-E, echaphazela umxholo wesondlo sokutya, nangona ngokutsho kwe-EFSA kunye ne-FDA, iziphumo zabo macronutrients izinto ezibalulekileyo zincinci.
Enye inkxalabo kukuba, nangona i-irradiation iphelisa i-pathogenic microorganisms, ayiyi kutshabalalisa Ityhefu ukuba aba bakhulule. Ngelixa ukutya okufakwe iradiated kunokubonakala kunempilo, kunokufihla iimpawu zokonakala, ukukhohlisa umthengi ukuba athenge ukutya okungekho kutsha. Le ngongoma igxininisa ukubaluleka kokungasebenzisi imitha njenge-a indawo yococeko okanye iindlela ezilungileyo zolimo nezemveliso.
Izifundo zezilwanyana ziye zaxelwa ukuba zicebisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kokutya okufakwe i-irradiated kunokudityaniswa nomhlaza y utshintsho kwimfuza. Nangona ezi ziphumo ziphikisana kwaye zingagqibekanga, baye baphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokuba i-irradiation inokuguqula isakhiwo seselula sokutya ngeendlela eziyingozi. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba irradiation ukutya nge umxholo wamafutha inokuvelisa iikhompawundi ezifana cyclobutanones, ezigqalwa njengezinokuba yingozi empilweni.
Umngcipheko kwindalo esingqongileyo
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokukhanya kokutya ayinakujongelwa phantsi. Uninzi lokugxekwa lugxile ekusetyenzisweni kwezibonelelo ezikhethekileyo ukuba phatha imitha ye-ionizing. Ukuthuthwa kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto zenyukliya, ezifana Cobalt-60 okanye Cesium-137, esetyenziswa kwinkqubo, imele iingozi ezinokubakho njengokuvuza okanye iingozi.
Ukongezelela, i-radiation inokukhuthaza ukufuduswa yemveliso yezolimo, ukuququzelela ukungeniswa kweemveliso ezivela kwimimandla apho imigangatho yokusingqongileyo kwaye amalungelo abasebenzi ayekeleleke ngakumbi. Oku kunokuba negalelo ekwandeni kwe Imibhalo yenyawo yekhabhoni ngokwandisa uthutho lokutya kumazwe ngamazwe.
Yiyo loo nto kuye kwakhuthazwa ukuba ukukhanya kungajongwa njengendlela ezimeleyo yokugcina ukutya, kodwa njengendlela yokuncedisana nezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo kwezolimo nemveliso.
Ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni, kukho izifundo ezibanzi kule minyaka ingama-40 idlulileyo ezivavanya imingcipheko kunye neenzuzo zokukhanya kwemitha. Ngokutsho kwe I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokutya yaseYurophu (EFSA), ubuchule bukhuselekile, kwaye iimveliso ezifakwe kwimitha azibonakalisi ingozi enkulu kunezo zinyangwa ngezinye iinkqubo.
I-irradiation yokutya sisixhobo esinamandla sokulwa nokugula okubangelwa kukutya, ukwandisa ixesha leshelufu yeemveliso, kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lokutya kwihlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngononophelo kwaye phantsi kweliso elingqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iindlela ezilungileyo zolimo nezokuvelisa ziyalandelwa. Njengoko uphando luqhubeka, i-irradiation iya kuqhubeka nokuxoxwa ngayo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokufanelekileyo kunokunika izisombululo ezibalulekileyo kwiingxaki zolondolozo kwihlabathi elikhulayo lehlabathi.