Indlela esivelisa nokulawula ngayo umbane ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Asisaxhomekeke kuphela kwimizi-mveliso emikhulu yamandla ekude kumaziko osetyenziso. Namhlanje, ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nokunyuka kwamandla avuselelekayo, imodeli entsha, enokunatyiswa, eguquguqukayo, kunye nezinzileyo iyavela: isizukulwana esisasazwayo.
Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kubangela utshintsho olukhulu kwinkqubo yamandla emveli. Endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwiijenereyitha ezinkulu ezimbalwa ezondla kwigridi enkulu, kugxilwe kuthungelwano lweejeneretha ezininzi ezincinci ezikufutshane nomthombo wokusetyenziswa. Olu tshintsho lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo, kodwa luzisa imingeni yobugcisa neyolawulo ekufuneka ingathathelwa ngqalelo.
Yintoni isizukulwana esabiweyo?
Imveliso esasazwayo ibandakanya ukuvelisa umbane kusetyenziswa izibonelelo ezininzi ezincinci, ekufuphi neendawo apho loo mandla aya kusetyenziswa khona. Oku kunokubandakanya amakhaya, amashishini, izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke, okanye iziseko zasedolophini ezifana nezibane zasezitalatweni ezidibanisa iiphaneli zelanga okanye iiinjini zomoya.
Ngokungafaniyo nemodeli yesiqhelo esembindini enezityalo ezinkulu zamandla obushushu, Kwisizukulwana esisasazwayo, indawo nganye yesizukulwana inegalelo ngokuthe ngqo kwinethiwekhi yendawo, evumela ukunyusa ukusebenza kwayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iinkqubo zisekelwe kubuchwephesha obunokuhlaziywa njenge-photovoltaic yelanga, umoya, okanye i-biomass.
Le modeli yanatyisiweyo ikhuthaza ukuzisebenzisela, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nokomelela kwegridi.. Ikwakhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba komsebenzisi osebenzayo kwinkqubo yombane, ukuguqula "iprosumers," oko kukuthi, abavelisi kunye nabathengi ngexesha elifanayo.
Iinzuzo eziphambili zemodeli esasazwayo
Ukwamkela indlela esasazwayo yokuvelisa umbane kwimithombo evuselelekayo kuneenzuzo ezininzi, zombini ngokwezobugcisa kunye nokusingqongileyo, kunye noqoqosho.
- Ukunciphisa ilahleko kwigridi yombane: Ukusondela kwindawo yokusetyenziswa, ukuthuthwa kombane kufuna umgama omfutshane, okunciphisa kakhulu ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kunye neendleko ezinxulumene nazo.
- Ukwenyuka kokuthembeka kwenkqubo: Ubukho bemithombo emininzi esasaziweyo yenza inkqubo yomelele ngakumbi ngokuchasene nokusilela okanye ukucima. Ukuba enye indawo iyasilela, ezinye zingaqhubeka nokubonelela ngombane.
- Ukuphucula umgangatho wonikezelo: Ngokusasaza imveliso, ukunyuka kwamandla kuyancitshiswa kwaye ukuhanjiswa kuququzelelwe ukusasazwa okuzinzile kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
- Ukukhuthazwa kokuzityela: Abasebenzisi banokuvelisa amandla abo kwaye banciphise ukuxhomekeka kwabo kwigridi jikelele, okukhokelela ekugcinweni kweendleko kunye nokulawula okukhulu.
Imizekelo esebenzayo yesizukulwana esisasazwayo
Ithiyori ivakala kakhulu, kodwa into enomdla kukubona indlela le modeli isetyenziswa ngayo ekusebenzeni. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphumeza isizukulwana esabiweyo, ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo, iimfuno zamandla, kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo.
Iigridi zasezidolophini: Kwizixeko ezihlakaniphile, imithombo emincinci efana neepaneli zelanga kwizakhiwo zikawonkewonke, ii-injini zomoya kwizibane zesitrato, okanye iinkqubo zokugcina zidibeneyo. Ezi zibonelelo zinceda ukuhlangabezana nenxalenye yemfuno yasekuhlaleni.
Iiphaneli zesola kumakhaya osapho olunye: Uphahla lwezindlu ngomnye wemigangatho enesakhono esikhulu sokuvelisa amandla. Amakhaya amaninzi sele ene-grid-exhunyiwe kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic ezivumela ukuba basebenzise umbane wabo kunye nokudlulisa amandla angaphezulu.
Izibane zasesitalatweni ezizixhasayo: Abanye oomasipala sele beqalisile ukufaka izibane zasezitalatweni ezineepaneli zelanga kunye nee turbines zomoya ezincinci ezisebenza ngaphandle kokudinga ukuqhagamshelwa kwigridi yombane eqhelekileyo. Banokude babe negalelo lamandla emva kwigridi ukuba banentsalela.
Microgenerator kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni: Kwiindawo ezikwanti ngaphandle kokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwigridi okanye ngeziseko zombane ezinobungozi, ukufakela iinkqubo ezincinci zesola okanye zomoya kunokuqinisekisa unikezelo lombane ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwiiprojekthi zokwakha ezinkulu okanye ezibizayo.
IiGridi eziSmart kunye nendima yethekhinoloji
Ukwandiswa kwesizukulwana esisasazwayo kwakungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokubambisana okukhulu: iigridi ezihlakaniphile okanye Iigridi zeSmart. Le ngcamango ibandakanya indibaniselwano yeziseko ezingundoqo zombane kunye nobuchwephesha bolwazi (ICT) eyenza ukuba ulawulo olululo lothungelwano olunatyisiweyo.
Ndiyabulela kwiimitha ezihlakaniphile, izinzwa kunye nonxibelelwano lwexesha langempelaIiGridi ezihlakaniphile zinokubeka esweni ukuhamba kwamandla, ukubonelela ngebhalansi kunye nemfuno, ukubona iimpazamo, ukuqikelela ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezizenzekelayo zokwandisa inethiwekhi.
Ukongeza, ezi nethiwekhi ziyakuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yokuvelisa ezininzi ezihlaziyiweyo kunye nokugcinwa okwabiwe kunye nokuhamba kombane. Konke oku kuyingxenye yeparadigm yamandla entsha, ezinzileyo, esebenzayo, kunye nenxaxheba.
Amazwe kunye nemimandla esele iwuphakamisa lo mzekelo
Ukwamkelwa kwesizukulwana esabiweyo akuqhubeli phambili ngesantya esifanayo kuyo yonke indawo. Kukho imimandla ehamba phambili ngokubulela kwimigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso, izixhobo ezikhoyo, okanye imfuno yobuchwepheshe.
España Lelinye lamazwe aseYurophu anomthamo omkhulu ofakiweyo ovuselelekayo. Nangona bekukho imiqobo yokulawula iminyaka, namhlanje ukuzisebenzisela kunye nokusasazwa kwesizukulwana kwamkelwa ngokubanzi ngenxa yemithetho emitsha kunye nenkxaso.
Latin America Inamandla amakhulu, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni okanye ezikwanti. Amazwe afana neChile, iPeru, iKholombiya, kunye neMexico aqala ukwamkela imodeli esasazwayo esekwe kokubini ukufikelela kunye nokuzinza kwezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo.
En Afrika, imveliso esasazwayo enokuhlaziywa imele isisombululo esisebenzayo sokufaka umbane kwiindawo ezikude. Apha, Ukwabela amagunya ngundoqo ekuqinisekiseni unikezelo kwiimeko ezinzima, ezifana nezo zikwiindawo ezinkulu ezingenazo izakhiwo okanye imimandla enemozulu embi kakhulu.
Kwaye ngaphakathi EUnited StatesNangona ingazange ngokwembali ibe yinkokeli kumandla avuselelekayo, amazwe amaninzi kunye nezixeko zihamba kweli cala. Umzekelo obalaseleyo ngu microgrid yeBubolz Nature Reserve, eWisconsin, kunye nofakelo olubandakanya iiphaneli zelanga, iibhetri, iiinjini zomoya, i-hydrogen, kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja iimoto zombane.
Imingeni yobuchwephesha, intlalontle kunye nolawulo
Ngaphandle kwazo zonke iingenelo zayo, ukuphumeza ngokumandla isizukulwana esasasazwayo asikho ngaphandle kobunzima baso. Kukho imiqobo ekufuneka ijongiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthathwa kwabantwana ngendlela ebanzi nesebenzayo.
Ummiselo kunye nomthetho: Kumazwe amaninzi, izikhokelo zomthetho zisekho ezenza ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kube nzima okanye ukohlwaya ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwigridi. Kubalulekile ukwenza imimiselo eququzelela ukufakela, ukudibanisa, kunye nembuyekezo ye-surpluses yamandla.
Ulawulo lobuchwephesha: Iigridi zemveli zenzelwe ukuhamba ngokulinganayo, ukusuka kwiijeneretha ezinkulu ukuya kubathengi abangenzi nto. Ukutofa amandla ukusuka kumanqaku amaninzi kufuna ukulungelelanisa igridi ukuze isebenze ngendlela ephindwe kabini kunye neguquguqukayo..
Iindleko zokuqala: Nangona amaxabiso ezixhobo ehle kakhulu, imiqobo yezemali ihleli kubasebenzisi abaninzi kunye namashishini amancinci. Iinkuthazo zoluntu kunye nenkxaso-mali eyaneleyo zibalulekile.
Ugcino kunye nozinzo: Imithombo evuselelekayo efana namandla elanga kunye namandla omoya anemveliso eguquguqukayo. Kubalulekile ukubandakanya iinkqubo zokugcina amandla (ezifana neebhetri) okanye ukongeza kunye neminye imithombo ukugcina ibhalansi yegridi.
Uqeqesho nokwazisa: Abasebenzisi abaninzi abazazi iingenelo zokwenyani zale modeli okanye bayifumana inzima. Imfundo yamandla kunye neengcebiso ezenzelwe umntu ziyafuneka ukukhulisa ukwamkelwa kwamandla.
Indima yomthengi: ukusuka kumsebenzisi osebenzayo ukuya kwiprosumer
Olunye lolona tshintsho luphazamisayo oluziswa yile modeli intsha yindima yomsebenzisi. Ngombulelo kwisizukulwana esisasazwayo, umthengi uba esebenzayo kwaye athathe inxaxheba.. Ayisasebenzisi nje amandla, kodwa inokuvelisa, igcine, isasaze, kwaye ithengise ngentsalela yayo.
Le ngcamango ye 'iprosumer' Ibandakanya inguqu yenkcubeko kunye nobuchwepheshe. Ukufikelela kulwazi lwexesha lokwenyani, abenzi boluvo, iimitha ezikrelekrele, kunye neeplatifti ze-intanethi zivumela umsebenzisi ngamnye ukuba aqonde ukusetyenziswa kwazo, aziphucule, kwaye enze izigqibo ezisekelwe kumandla.
Ukongeza, ukuqhuba kwe ookopolotyeni bamandla kunye noluntu lwelanga Ivumela amaqela abantu ukuba adibane kunye ukufaka iinkqubo ekwabelwana ngazo kwaye ngokudibeneyo bazuze kumandla avelisiweyo.
Ukutshintshela kwinkqubo yokwabela amandla ngokusekwe kwisizukulwana esisasaziweyo kudala ithuba lokwakha imodeli ecocekileyo, esebenza kakuhle, kunye nedemokhrasi. Nangona imiceli mngeni yobugcisa, yezoqoqosho, kunye nolawulo iqhubeka, ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji, ukuqonda ngokusingqongileyo, kunye nokutshintsha kwemikhwa yabathengi kuqhuba olu tshintsho kwihlabathi jikelele. Amandla ayiseyiyo nje inkonzo, kodwa sisixhobo sokuxhotyiswa kwezentlalo, kokusingqongileyo, kunye noqoqosho olubeka abemi kumbindi wenkqubo.