Kwinkalo yeenjini namandla ahlaziyekayo, enye yeenjongo eziphambili kukufumana ezinye iindlela ezingawungcolisi umoya ojikeleze umhlaba nezisikhululayo ekuxhomekekeni kumafutha efosili. Iinjini zokutsha ze-diesel kunye nepetroli zibonakala zineentsuku zazo, ngelixa iimoto zombane ziye zafumana ukubaluleka kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Nangona kunjalo, iinjini ze-hydrogen zivela njengesisombululo esithembisayo ngenxa yesakhono sazo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu.
Ngaba unomdla wokwazi yonke into malunga neenjini zehydrogen?
Ukusebenza kwenjini ye-hydrogen
Ukusebenza kwe-injini ye-hydrogen kuyafana noko kwenjini yombane, nangona kukho umahluko ophambili omnye: bobabini basebenzisa umbane ukuqhubela phambili isithuthi, kodwa loo mandla bawafumana ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Los iimoto zehydrogen Zisebenza ngokudityaniswa kweentlobo ezimbini zeenjini: enye i-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi kunye nenye yombane. Undoqo yi-fuel cell, eyenza umbane kwi-chemical reaction phakathi kwe-hydrogen egciniweyo kunye neoksijini emoyeni.
Kwinqanaba lobuchwephesha, iiseli kwi-fuel cell ine-potitive pole (anode) kunye ne-negative pole (cathode), ehlukaniswe yi-membrane. Njengoko ii-ion zehydrogen neeelectron zidlula kule inwebu, zivelisa amandla ombane agcinwe ebhetrini. Loo mandla asetyenziselwa ukuhambisa imoto xa ifuneka.
Inzuzo ephambili kukuba ukukhutshwa kwe-tailpipe akukho nto umphunga wamanzi, ukwenza ezi zithuthi zibe yindlela ecocekileyo. Nangona umphunga wamanzi uyigesi yendalo yegreenhouse, umjikelo wawo kwiatmosfera mfutshane kakhulu, ngoko ke ifuthe lawo ekufudumaleni kwehlabathi lincinci.
I-injini ye-hydrogen, ke ngoko, bubuchwepheshe obunokwenza umahluko kutshintsho olusingise kuthutho lwe-zero-emission.
Iingxaki zenjini yeHydrogen
Nangona iingenelo zayo, i iinjini zehydrogen jongana nocelomngeni oluphambili. Enye yeengxaki eziphambili yi ukungabikho kweziseko zophuhliso ukuzalisa ihydrogen. Okwangoku, zimbalwa kakhulu izikhululo zokutshaja, ezinciphisa kakhulu uluhlu lwezi zithuthi, ngaphandle kwento yokuba zinokunikezela ukuya kuthi ga ngoku. Iikhilomitha ezili-596 ukuzimela.
Ngapha koko, inkqubo yokuvelisa i-hydrogen ayicocekanga ngokupheleleyo. Nangona imoto ikhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo ngexesha lokusebenza, ukuveliswa kwe-hydrogen-nokuba kunge-electrolysis okanye ukuguqulwa kwegesi yendalo- kufuna amandla ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi avela kwimithombo engahlaziyekiyo, ukwandisa ukukhutshwa komjikelo wobomi bonke bemoto.
Xa kuthelekiswa neenjini zombane, ezo ze-hydrogen zinokunika uluhlu olufana nolo lweenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, kodwa ukukhawuleza kunye namandla awakafikeleli kumanqanaba eenjini zepetroli okanye zedizili.
Uyigcwalisa njani imoto ngehydrogen?
Ukutshaja kwakhona imoto ye-hydrogen yinkqubo elula kwaye ekhawulezayo, efana naleyo yemoto evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ukufakwa kwepetroli kwenziwa kusetyenziswa umbhobho ovala itanki yemoto, ugalele ihydrogen ecinezelweyo kwitanki.
Ixesha lokutshaja yenye yezona zinto ziluncedo kwiimoto zehydrogen: Bahlaziya ngokupheleleyo ngemizuzu nje emihlanu, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kakhulu kunezinye izithuthi zombane, ezifuna ixesha elingakumbi lokuhlawulela ngokupheleleyo.
Ukhuseleko lwehydrogen
Omnye wemingeni ephambili yetekhnoloji ejongene nabavelisi bezithuthi ze-hydrogen kukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweitanki ze-hydrogen kwiimeko zengozi. La matanki kufuneka amelane neempembelelo zangaphambili nasecaleni ngaphandle komngcipheko wogqabhuko-dubulo.
Izithuthi ze-Hydrogen zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokhuseleko eziphezulu ezinqanda ukuhamba kwe-hydrogen xa kukho ukungqubana. Ukongeza, i-hydrogen yigesi ekhaphukhaphu kakhulu, ke ngoko ukuba bekunokuvuza, i-hydrogen ingasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwi-atmosfera kwaye ayinakubeka ingozi enkulu njengezinye iigesi ezinokutsha ezisetyenziswa kwizithuthi eziqhelekileyo.
Iintsomi kunye neNyaniso yeinjini zeHydrogen
Zininzi iintsomi ezijikeleze iinjini zehydrogen, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokungazi ngokubanzi. Ngezantsi, siyakhanyela ezinye zezona ziqhelekileyo:
- Ayisebenzi nje kwi-hydrogen: Iinjini zeHydrojeni azixhomekekanga kuphela kule gesi. Bafuna umbane ukuze basebenze kunye nobuchwepheshe beeseli zamafutha ukuvelisa loo mandla.
- Funa ulungiso: Izithuthi zeHydrojeni azikhathalelwanga. Kuyimfuneko ukujonga rhoqo i-electrolytes ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
- Iindleko ziphezulu: Nangona amaxabiso ehle kancinci, ixabiso eliphezulu lokuvelisa i-hydrogen lihlala lingumqobo ekwamkelweni kwabantu abaninzi.
Ngokuphathelele ukuzimela, ezinye iimodeli zangoku, njengeHyundai NEXO, zinokuhamba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-666 km kunye ne-hydrogen recharge epheleleyo.
Ngokunjalo, iimoto ze-hydrogen zibonisa ukuqhuba kunye nokukhawuleza okufana neenqwelo zombane, ezimele ukuphucuka okukhulu kwiinguqulelo zokuqala zale teknoloji.
IHydrojeni inamandla amakhulu, kodwa kusafuneka ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kwiziseko ezingundoqo zokugalela amafutha kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa amafutha.
Iinjini zeHydrojeni zinamandla amakhulu okuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yekamva lothutho olucocekileyo. Itekhnoloji iyaqhubeka nokuhambela phambili, kwaye nangona kusekho imingeni emininzi ezayo, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba iinjini zehydrogen zithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwindlela yokuzinza.