inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo Zinokuba ngaphezulu kakhulu kunenkunkuma nje. Ngolwazi oluncinci kunye nokuzinikela, sinokuziguqula zibe ngumthombo oxabisekileyo wendalo esingqongileyo. Enye yeengxaki eziphambili ezijongene nazo izixeko kukuqokelelwa nokungaphathwa kakuhle kwale nkunkuma, nto leyo enegalelo kungcoliseko lomoya, amanzi nomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, ngobuchule obufanelekileyo bokwenza umgquba, sinokuyijika le nkunkuma ibe yegqwesileyo isichumisi esiphilayo sasekhaya.
Ukurisayikilisha yenye yezona ndlela zilungileyo zokunciphisa ubungakanani benkunkuma esiyenzayo. Nangona abantu abaninzi sele beqhelene nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iiplastiki, amaphepha kunye neglasi, ukulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo, ezifana nenkunkuma yokutya okanye iintsalela zezityalo, isaqhubeka ingumceli mngeni abangabaninzi abathe bawuphumeza kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
Le nkunkuma, nangona ibonakala ingenamsebenzi kwaye iyanuka, iqulethe isixa esikhulu sezondlo ezinokuthi, ngenkqubo echanekileyo yokuqulunqa umgquba, iguqulwe ibe yinto isichumiso sendalo esigqwesileyo kwizityalo zethu. Kodwa njani kanye ukuyifeza? Apha sichaza imigaqo esisiseko yendlela yokwenza umgquba, izinto onokuzisebenzisa kunye nendlela yokwenza inkqubo ekhaya.
Yintoni ukwenza umgquba?
Ukwenza umgquba bubuchule obuthatha ithuba lokubola kwendalo kwenkunkuma ephilayo ukuvelisa umquba, isichumiso esityebileyo ngezondlo. Ngokubola kwe-aerobic, iibhaktheriya kunye nomngundo ziguqula iintsalela ze-organic zibe yinto efana nomhlaba, etyebileyo kwinitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium. Le nkqubo inokuthatha phakathi kweenyanga ezi-3 kunye ne-6, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko, kwaye i-compost enesiphumo ingasetyenziselwa kwiigadi, igadi, okanye izityalo zangaphakathi.
Ukwenza umgquba akunciphisi nje kuphela isixa senkunkuma esiyithumela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, kodwa kukwanegalelo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwerhasi ye<em>greenhouse, ekubeni inkunkuma egqunywe kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ivelisa izixa ezikhulu ze<em>methane, igesi engcoliseka kakhulu.
Izinto onokuzisebenzisa ukwenza umgquba
Ukwenza umgquba ekhaya, udinga kuphela qokelela inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo ukusuka ekhitshini okanye egadini yakho. Nalu uluhlu lwenkunkuma eqhelekileyo onokuyisebenzisa ukwenza umgquba osemgangathweni:
- Amaxolo eziqhamo kunye nemifuno: Zezinye zezona nxalenye ziphambili ze-compost ngenxa yexabiso lesondlo esiphezulu.
- Ikofu esetyenzisiweyo kunye neti: Ngaphandle kokubonelela ngezondlo, zinceda ukugcina ukufuma okwaneleyo kwi-compost.
- Amaqokobhe amaqanda: Nangona zithatha ixesha elide ukubola, zibonelela nge-calcium kumgquba.
- Iintsalela zokuthenwa, amagqabi omileyo kunye nengca: Ezi zinto zibizwa ngokuba 'zizixhobo ezimdaka', eziyimfuneko ukulinganisa umxholo wekhabhoni.
- Iphepha elingena-inki kunye nekhadibhodi: Izinto ezityebileyo zekhabhoni ezinceda ukugcina ubume bomgquba.
Yintoni ekufuneka uyiphephe kumgquba wakho
Nangona inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo ifanelekile kumgquba, kukho ezinye onokuthi uziphephe, njengoko zinokutsala izinambuzane okanye zithathe ixesha elide ukubola:
- Iintsalela zenyama okanye intlanzi: Ziyakwazi ukutsala izilwanyana kwaye zibole ngendlela engafanelekanga.
- inkunkuma yezilwanyana zasekhaya: Ziqulethe iintsholongwane ezinokuba yingozi.
- Izityalo ezigulayo: Zinokusasaza izifo ukuba azivundiswanga kakuhle.
- Iimveliso zederi: Aziboli ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zinokuvelisa amavumba angathandekiyo.
Indlela yokwenza umgquba: inyathelo ngenyathelo
Ukuba uqinisekile ukuba ufuna ukuqalisa ukwenza owakho umgquba, nanga amanyathelo asisiseko okuqalisa ngawo:
- Khetha indawo: Ukuba unesitiya, unokwabela indawo encinci kumgqomo wakho womgquba. Ukuba uhlala kwindlu, ungathenga umgqomo omncinci womgquba. Kubalulekile ukuba umgquba ube nomoya olungileyo kunye nokufikelela emhlabeni ukuvumela ukukhupha amanzi.
- Yongeza inkunkuma: Qala ngokubeka umaleko wezinto ezimdaka ngebala, ezinjengamasebe awomileyo okanye ikhadibhodi, uze wongeze inkunkuma yokutya kunye nenye inkunkuma ephilayo.
- Xuba rhoqo: Gxuma imathiriyeli ubuncinane kanye ngeveki ukuvumela ukuphefumla kunye nokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokubola.
- Gcina ukufuma: Imixholo kufuneka ifume kancinci, njengesipontshi esigruthiweyo. Ukuba yome kakhulu, yongeza amanzi; ukuba imanzi kakhulu, yongeza izinto ezomileyo.
Izinto eziluncedo kwi-compost
Iingenelo zokwenza umgquba ekhaya zininzi:
- ukunciphisa inkunkuma: Ngokwenza umgquba, uya kube unciphisa ukuya kutsho kuma-50% enkunkuma oyivelisayo ekhayeni lakho.
- Ukuphuculwa komgangatho womhlaba: Umgquba ubonelela ngezondlo eziyimfuneko kwizityalo kwaye unceda ekuphuculeni ubume bomhlaba, wenze ukuba uchume.
- Igalelo lokusingqongileyo: Uya kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kwaye uncede ukuvala umjikelo wezinto eziphilayo ngokwemvelo.
Enye indlela kumgquba wesintu: i-vermicomposting
El vermicomposting Le yenye indlela yokwenza umgquba esebenzisa iintshulube ukubolisa inkunkuma ephilayo. Le ndlela ifanelekile ukuba awunayo indawo enkulu, kuba iintshulube, ngakumbi iintshulube ezibomvu zaseCalifornia, zinokwenza umsebenzi kwindawo encinci kwaye ngokukhawuleza kunomgquba wesintu. Isiphumo singumgangatho ophezulu we-humus, obuye ungakhuphi amavumba amabi.
Ungasebenzisa ifayile ye- ivermicomposter incinci ekhaya, nokuba uhlala eflethini. Ezi ntshulube zisebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye zivelisa iindidi ezimbini zesichumisi: i-humus eqinileyo, onokuthi uyixube ngqo emhlabeni, kunye ne-humus elulwelo, ekwaziwa ngokuba yiti yombungu, egqwesileyo njengesichumiso solwelo sezityalo.
Wenza ntoni ngomgquba xa sele ulungile?
Umgquba ulungile xa unombala omnyama, ubumba obufana nomhlaba, kunye nephunga elimnandi lehlathi. Ngelo xesha, ungasebenzisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- Ukuphucula umhlaba: Ungayongeza ngokuthe ngqo kwigadi yakho okanye kwigadi yakho yeziqhamo ukuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba kwaye uncede izityalo zikhule zomelele.
- Ezimbizeni: Ukuba unezityalo ezigalelwe iimbiza, xuba umgquba emhlabeni ukuze uzinike ukongezwa kwezondlo.
- Njengombhobho: Sasaza umaleko womgquba emhlabeni ukuze ugcine ukufuma kwaye uthintele ukukhula kokhula.
Ngamafutshane, ukufunda ukwenza umgquba sisenzo esingazuzisi izityalo zakho kuphela, kodwa sikwanegalelo kwindlela yokuphila ezinzileyo kunye neyokusingqongileyo. Yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokunciphisa inkunkuma kwaye sibuyisele emhlabeni oko sithatha kuwo.