El iplastiki Sesinye sezona zixhobo zisetyenziswayo kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa sesinye sezona zinto ziyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Izinto kunye nokupakishwa okwenziwe kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeplastiki ziqokelela ngokukhawuleza kwaye, ngelishwa, inxalenye enkulu yale nto ayiphinda isetyenziswe. Ngokophononongo lwakutsha nje, iiplastiki zinegalelo elikhulu kungcoliseko lwehlabathi, ngakumbi kwiilwandle nakwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho izisombululo ezivelayo ezingavumeli kuphela le nkunkuma yeplastiki ukuba isetyenziswe kwakhona, kodwa iphinde ivelise inzuzo yamandla. Injalo imeko yenkqubo yokuguqula iiplastiki zibe amafutha acocekileyo nangabizi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba itoni enye yeplastiki inokuvelisa malunga neelitha ezingama-760 zedizili, nto leyo emele enye indlela esebenzayo xa kujongwa ukunqongophala okukhulayo kwamafutha efosili.
Inkqubo yepyrolysis
Indlela esetyenziswa kakhulu yokuguqula inkunkuma yeplastiki ibe yipetroli yi-pyrolysis, inkqubo yokubola kwe-thermochemical eyenzeka ngokungabikho kweoksijini. Le nkqubo iguqula iiplastiki zibe ngamafutha angamanzi afana nedizili, i-petroli kunye ne-kerosene, ngokusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu. Eyona nto ithembisayo ngobu buchule kukuba inokusebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeeplastiki ezikhoyo kwinkunkuma yasezidolophini, ekunzima ukuzisebenzisa kwakhona kusetyenziswa ezinye iindlela.
Inkqubo iqala ngokuhlela iiplastiki, ezithi zisikwe zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci. Ezi ziqwenga zifakwe kwi-reactor ekhethekileyo, efudumala kumaqondo okushisa aphakamileyo phantsi kwendawo elawulwayo ngaphandle kwe-oksijeni, ebangela ukubola kwezinto zeplastiki. Njengoko zishushu, iiplastiki ziyaqhekeka zibe yigesi, ethi emva koko ijiye ibe lulwelo olufana neoli ekrwada enzima. Olu lwelo lusulungekiswa ukufumana iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezifana nedizili, ipetroli kunye neparafini.
Ukongezelela, i-pyrolysis inenzuzo yokuvelisa i-byproducts ecocekileyo: xa igesi idibanisa, izinto ezingcolisayo zeplastiki ziyacinywa okanye zihluzwe. Oku kuvumela ukuveliswa kwamafutha asemgangathweni ophezulu, kunye namanqanaba ancitshisiweyo e-sulfure kunye namasuntswana angcolisayo.
Iinkampani ezintsha ekuveliseni amafutha kwiiplastiki
Ehlabathini lonke, kukho iinkampani ezininzi ezikhokelela ekuguquleni inkunkuma yeplastiki ibe yifutha. EYurophu, inkampani ebizwa Umgxeki, ehlala e-Ireland, iphuhlise umzi-mveliso okwaziyo ukusetyenzwa itoni enye yenkunkuma yeplastiki ukuvelisa iilitha ezingama-665 zedizili, iilitha ezili-190 zepetroli neelitha ezingama-95 zeparafini.
ESpain, inkampani WPR Global uye wasungula umzi-mveliso kwiNgingqi yaseMurcia ekwaziyo ukuphinda isetyenziswe ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhilogram ezingama-6.000 zeplastiki ngosuku, ivelisa ukuya kuthi ga kwiilitha ezingama-6.000 zamafutha. Le projekthi ngumzekelo obambekayo wendlela uqoqosho lwesetyhula olunokuthi ludlale ngayo indima ephambili kwinguqu ekhokelela kuluntu oluzinzileyo. Ukongezelela, i-WPR Global plant ayiyi kuvelisa kuphela amafutha aphantsi, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha e-fossil, kodwa kuya kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ngeetoni ezingama-40 ngonyaka ngokuphepha ukutshiswa kweeplastiki.
Iinzuzo zokusingqongileyo nezoqoqosho
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zokusebenzisa iiplastiki kwimveliso ye-biofuel kukuba ivumela iingxaki ezimbini zehlabathi ukuba ziqwalaselwe ngaxeshanye: ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma yeplastiki kunye nokunqongophala kwamafutha e-fossil. Ukurisayikilisha le nkunkuma ngepyrolysis okanye iinkqubo ezifanayo kunokuvelisa iimveliso zexabiso kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwi-oyile ekrwada.
Ukongeza, ngokuthintela inxalenye enkulu yenkunkuma yeplastiki ukuba iphele kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye elwandle, inegalelo ekunciphiseni ukungcoliseka kwendalo, ngakumbi oko kubangelwa microplastics, eziyingozi kwizilwanyana zaselwandle.
Ngokoqoqosho, ezi ntlobo zezityalo zonyango zibonisa ithuba elibalulekileyo lokonga. Ngokoqikelelo, ixabiso lokuvelisa amafutha kwiiplastiki liphantsi kakhulu kunelo lamafutha esintu, nto leyo evumela amashishini ukuba anciphise iindleko zawo zamandla. Umzekelo, isibaso esiveliswe sisiziko seWPR Global sixabisa ngaphantsi kweesenti ezingama-50 ilitha.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha afunyenweyo
I-fuel eveliswa yi-pyrolysis inezicelo ezininzi. Yena idizili ezifunyenweyo zingasetyenziswa kwiitrektara, iilori, izikhephe kunye nabanye oomatshini abanzima. Ukongezelela, olu hlobo lwe-diesel luneempawu ezifaniswa ne-fuel yendabuko, njengenombolo ye-cetane ye-60 kwimeko ye-diesel kunye ne-octane yokulinganisa ukusuka kwi-92 ukuya kwi-96 kwi-petroli, eqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ndiyabulela kwiipropati ze-fuel ezibangelwayo, zingasetyenziselwa ii-generator zamandla kunye nakwamanye amacandelo abalulekileyo oqoqosho. Oku kuthetha ukuzimela okukhulu kwamandla kumazwe amaninzi, nto leyo ibalulekile kujongwe ukuba uninzi lwamazwe luthembele kakhulu ekuthengweni kwe-oyile kumazwe angaphandle.
Olunye unyuso olunokubakho kolu hlobo lwemveliso kukusebenza kwayo kwezolimo okanye kubemi basemaphandleni, apho amafama anokuguqula inkunkuma yezolimo kunye neeplastiki zibe zii-biofuels zezabo iijenereyitha zombane okanye izithuthi.
Isishwankathelo, ukuguqulwa kweeplastiki zibe ngamafutha kubonisa isisombululo esisebenzayo nesinenzuzo kokusingqongileyo kunye noqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngokuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji yepyrolysis kunye nokunyuka kwezityalo ezikhethekileyo, kulindeleke ukuba kwiminyaka ezayo amazwe amaninzi aya kwamkela le teknoloji, igalelo ekuzinzeni okukhulu kunye nokuzimela kwamandla.
Uyenza njani ipetroli ngenkunkuma yeplastiki
Ndifumana phi umatshini onamandla angama-250 kgr / hr, ovelisa idizili, ipetroli kunye neparafini?