Kuluntu lwanamhlanje, imfuno yamandla avuselelekayo iye yanda ngokukhawuleza. Ukusabela, ezinye zezona projekthi zinebhongo ehlabathini ziyakhiwa, kuquka ezona zixhobo zikhulu zenyukliya ezidibanisa inyukliya kunye nee turbines zomoya ezakha zabonwa. Nangona kunjalo, enye yenkqubela phambili yamva nje kunye nenguquko kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo yi INYATHELO Jenereyitha yaMandla.
Le nkqubo ikwazile ukutshisa amakhaya angama-10.000 eTexas ngokusebenzisa i-carbon dioxide (CO2), emele ukuqhubela phambili okukhulu ekufuneni imithombo yamandla ezinzileyo. Kweli nqaku siza kuhlolisisa indlela le nkqubo isebenza ngayo, iimpawu zayo kunye nomxholo wezobuchwepheshe ojikelezayo.
Isebenza njani ijenereyitha yamandla
Ijenereyitha yamandla ngumatshini owenzelwe ukuguqula iindlela ezahlukeneyo zamandla, ezifana oomatshini, iikhemikhali okanye amandla elanga, kumbane. Ukuguqulwa kwale mithombo yamandla ibe ngumbane yinto evumela impucuko yanamhlanje ukuba igcine imisebenzi yayo yemihla ngemihla kunye neziseko zobuchwepheshe.
Enye yezona ndlela zaziwayo zokuvelisa umsinga wombane induction electromagnetic. Le nkqubo, elawula ukusebenza kwejenereyitha yangoku ngokuthe ngqo, isekelwe ekujikelezeni kwe-shaft eguqula i-magnetic field ngendlela eyenza i-voltage kwii-terminals ze-generator. Umzekelo weklasikhi yi-dynamo, uhlobo lwejeneretha eguqula amandla omatshini abe yintshukumo ejikelezayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeejeneretha kwimarike, ukusuka kwiijenereyitha ezincinci eziphathwayo ukuya kufakelo olukhulu olusisigxina, ngalinye linomthamo wokuvelisa ohluka ngokuxhomekeka kwizicelo zabo. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba iimoto zombane, nangona zifana neejeneretha, zisebenza ngendlela echaseneyo: ziguqula amandla ombane kumandla omatshini.
I STEP Power Generator
Olunye lolona phuhliso luthembisayo kwinkalo yamandla ahlaziyekayo yi STEP Power Generator. Le nkqubo iphunyezwe njengenxalenye yeprojekthi yokulinga eSan Antonio (Texas) yi IZiko loPhando lo Mzantsi-ntshonausebenzisa CO2 kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ukuvelisa umbane.
Yintoni eyenza i-STEP ihluke kwezinye iijeneretha kukukwazi ukusebenzisa i-CO2, igesi ebonwa ngokubanzi njengexanduva lokufaka isandla ekutshintsheni kwemozulu, njengomthombo wokuvelisa amandla. Kwinkqubo yayo, i-CO2 ifudunyezwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu, iguqula imeko yayo ibe yimeko yolwelo oluphantse lube lulwelo, oluququzelela ukusetyenziswa koomatshini bomoya abancinci ukwenza umbane ngobuchule obukhulu. Le nkqubo ayilona nje uhlobo lwamandla azinzileyo, kodwa inceda ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-CO2 emoyeni.
Ngaphandle kobukhulu bawo obubumbeneyo – obunokuthelekiswa nobomatshini wokuhlamba osemgangathweni – iplanti yokulinga i-STEP iyakwazi ukuvelisa ukuya kuthi ga kumatshini wokuhlamba. 10 MW wombane, ngokwaneleyo ukunika amakhaya amalunga ne-10.000 XNUMX amandla acocekileyo nakhuselekileyo.
Iinzuzo zobuchwepheshe zenkqubo ye-STEP
STEP ijenereyitha yamandla iguqukile ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Ngaphambi kokungena kwiinkcukacha, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ezinye zezona nkqubela ziphawulekayo zale teknoloji:
- Ukusebenza okungaphezulu: Ngokusebenza nge-CO2 ye-supercritical, inkqubo inokusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, okwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwee-turbines ekuguquleni amandla ashushu kumandla omatshini.
- Uzinzo: Inyaniso yokuba inkqubo isebenzisa i-CO2 kungekhona nje ngemveliso, kodwa njengolwelo olusebenzayo ngokwalo ukuvelisa amandla, yenza le nkqubo. isixhobo sobuchule sokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu.
- Ukusungula into entsha: Ngaphandle kobukhulu bazo obuphantsi, iiiturbines zinokuvelisa amandla kumlinganiselo omkhulu kuneenkqubo zokuvelisa amandla eziqhelekileyo ezilinganayo.
Umxholo wamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elizayo
Ijenereyitha ye-STEP iphambili kwiinzame zokwamkela ubugcisa bokuvelisa amandla obunokubonelela ngesisombululo kwiingxaki zanamhlanje zemozulu, ngelixa ihlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yamandla yehlabathi. Eyona nto iphawuleka kakhulu nge-STEP kukuba uyilo lwayo kunye nobuchwepheshe buvumela ukusetyenziswa CO2 njengomthombo wamandla, igalelo ekunciphiseni izinto ezikhutshwayo kwihlabathi.
Ukongeza, inkqubo ye-STEP ineempawu ezivumela itekhnoloji yayo ukuba ifakwe kwizicelo ezibanzi. Enye yeenjongo zexesha elizayo kukudibanisa le nkqubo kwiindawo ezininzi ukudala uthungelwano lokuvelisa amandla olunatyisiweyo. Oku kuya kuvumela ukuziqhelanisa namanqanaba ahlukeneyo okusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukusuka kwiidolophu ezincinci ukuya kwiindawo ezinkulu zasedolophini.
Omnye umba ofanelekileyo kukuba STEP inokuphunyezwa kunye neminye imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, njenge yelanga kunye umoya, okwandisa ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwayo. Ezi zicelo zibonelela ngendlela ecacileyo eya apho umgaqo-nkqubo wamandla wexesha elizayo unokuya khona, ngokugxila ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngelixa ukwandisa ukuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo.
Umongameli weSouthwest Research Institute, uAdam Hamilton, uye waphawula ukuba impumelelo yeprojekthi yokulinga i-STEP ibonisa ukuba kwixesha elizayo. ingaba nefuthe elibonakalayo kwicandelo lamandla ehlabathi. UHamilton wathi:
«INYATHELO iya kutshintsha indlela esikubona ngayo ukwenziwa kwamandla, ukubonelela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo nesicocekileyo kwiimfuno zamandla kwixesha elizayo."
Amathuba ezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo
Ukudalwa kwejeneretha ye-STEP kuneempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kungekhona nje kwimbono yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa nakwimbono yezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukukwazi ukuvelisa amandla kunye ne-CO2 ihambelana neenjongo zehlabathi zokufezekisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kumashumi eminyaka ezayo. Kwangaxeshanye, obu bugcisa bunokuba luncedo ekunciphiseni ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili.
Kwelinye icala, le projekthi ikwabonelela ngamathuba amakhulu otyalo-mali, kuba ubugcisa obucocekileyo nobunokuhlaziywa buhambela phambili kwihlabathi jikelele. Iinkampani zamandla ezamkela le teknoloji zinokuzibeka njengeenkokeli kutshintsho oluya kucoceko kunye nemithombo yamandla ezinzileyo.
Njengoko icandelo lamandla ehlabathi lisiya kwizisombululo ezizinzileyo nezicocekileyo, i-STEP generator iya kuba nakho ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Le teknoloji, ekwazi ukusebenzisa i-element edla ngokuhambelana nongcoliseko njengesixhobo sokuvelisa amandla, ayisiyinkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa kunye ne-paradigm enokuthi iphawule ixesha elitsha kwimveliso yamandla.