Kwihlabathi lamandla avuselelekayo, eminye imithombo eyaziwa ngokubanzi igqama njengamandla elanga nomoya, kodwa kukwakho neminye imithombo engaziwayo, efana Amandla olwandle. Olu hlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo lusebenzisa amaza olwandle ukuguqula ukuhamba kwamanzi abe ngumbane. Ngenxa yoko, a isikhululo samandla olwandle, apho ukuguqulwa kwamandla e-kinetic amaza kumandla ombane kwenzeka.
Kweli nqaku, uya kufumanisa ukuba yintoni na isikhululo samandla olwandle, indlela esebenza ngayo, iimpawu zayo, iingenelo kunye nokungonakali, kunye nemeko yangoku yale teknoloji kwihlabathi.
Amandla eTidal
Iilwandle zinamandla amakhulu anokuguqulwa abe ngumbane kusetyenziswa ubugcisa obahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho kweZiko lokwaHlulwa kwaMandla kunye noLondolozo (IDAE), kukho iindidi ezininzi zamandla olwandle:
- Amandla asuka kwimisinga yolwandle: Isekwe ekusebenziseni amandla e-kinetic emisinga yolwandle ukuvelisa umbane, ngokufanayo nendlela iiinjini zomoya ezisebenza ngayo.
- Amandla amaza: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yintshukumo yamaza, ithatha ithuba lamandla omatshini wokushukuma kwamaza.
- Amandla obushushu olwandle: Ifunyanwa kumahluko kumaqondo obushushu phakathi kwamanzi angaphezulu kunye nobunzulu bolwandle.
- Amandla olwandle: Kuthatha ithuba lokuhla nokuhamba kwamanzi olwandle, okubangelwa yintshukumo yelanga nenyanga, ukuvelisa amandla ombane ngee turbines.
Phakathi kwazo zonke, i Amandla olwandle Ibalasele ngokuqikelelwa kwayo. Ama-Tides ayenzeka ngamaxesha athile kwaye aqikelelwa kwangaphambili, okusivumela ukuba siqikelele ngokuchanekileyo xa umbane unokuveliswa.
Isikhululo samandla samanzi
Omnye isikhululo samandla olwandle Yindawo apho ukuhamba kwamaza kuguqulwa amandla ombane. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphumeza oku, nganye ineempawu zayo ezithile:
Iijenereyitha zangoku
Los Iijenereyitha zeTidal Stream (TSG) Zizijenereyitha ezisebenzisa amandla ekinetic wamanzi ahambayo, afana nokusebenza kweeinjini zomoya. Le ndlela inoqoqosho ngakumbi kwaye inefuthe elincitshisiweyo lokusingqongileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo.
Amadama olwandle
Amadama olwandle asebenzisa amandla anokubakho emanzini avelayo ngenxa yomahluko phakathi kwamaza aphezulu naphantsi. Zisebenza njengemiqobo emikhulu enee turbines, ezakhiwe ngokubanzi ekungeneni kwamatheku okanye kumachibi. Nangona iindleko zabo eziphezulu kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo abazenzayo, bayakwazi ukuvelisa amandla rhoqo.
Amandla omsinga wamaza
Le ndlela ikwisigaba sethiyori kwaye idibanisa ezimbini ezidlulileyo. Yaziwa njenge Amandla oMaza oMsinga (DTP), isekelwe ekuthabatheni ithuba lokuqukuqela kwekinetic kunye namandla anokubakho okuqukuqela kwamaza, ngokwakhiwa kwamadama amakhulu abangela izigaba ezahlukeneyo zamaza nokuhlanganisa iiinjini zomoya.
Ukusebenza komzi-mveliso wamandla olwandle
Ukusebenza kwe-a isikhululo samandla olwandle Isekelwe kwimigaqo ye-kinetic kunye namandla anokubakho, ukuthatha ithuba lokuhamba kwamanzi aphakama kwaye awele kunye namaza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ahlala emilonyeni yemilambo okanye amatheku, apho amadama akhiwe ngee turbines kwisiseko.
Idama elidala idama lizalisa kumaza aphezulu lize lithi tu xa kumaza asezantsi. Njengoko amanzi edlula kwiiinjini zomoya, avelisa umbane ngenxa yokushukuma kweencakuba zazo. Inkqubo yokuguqula amandla ixhomekeke, ubukhulu becala, kumahluko wobude phakathi kwamaza aphakamileyo kunye naphantsi: kuphela kwiindawo apho lo mahluko ubuncinci be-5 yeemitha (ngokwe-IDAE) kukwakhiwa kombane. isikhululo samandla olwandle.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga
La Amandla olwandle ibonelela ngezinto ezininzi eziluncedo nezingeloncedo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ngezantsi, sigxininisa eminye yeyona miba ibalulekileyo:
Inzuzo
- Ngumthombo wamandla ucocekile engavelisi iigesi zegreenhouse okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo.
- Amaza anjalo ayinakuphelelwa kunye nokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili, ukuqinisekisa umthombo wamandla ongaguqukiyo.
- Ayifuni i-fuel eyongezelelweyo njengoko iveliswa kuphela yintshukumo yendalo yamanzi.
- Ukugcinwa kwayo kuphantsi, kunye ne Ubomi obude obuluncedo (ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-75 kwezinye iimeko).
Iingxaki
- Iindleko zokufakela eziphezulu: Ukwakhiwa kwamadama nezinye iziseko zoncedo kubiza kakhulu.
- Impembelelo ebonakalayo kunye nendalo: Amadama angamanzi angatshintsha imbonakalo yomhlaba kwaye achaphazele indalo yalapha ekhaya, njengeentaka zolwandle okanye iintlobo zezilwanyana zasemanzini.
- Lukhetho olusebenzayo kuphela kwimimandla yejografi apho umahluko phakathi kwamaza aphezulu naphantsi ubalulekile.
Ngaphandle kwezi zinto zingeloncedo, amandla olwandle ahlala elukhetho oluthembisayo kummandla wamandla ahlaziyekayo, anesakhono esibonakalayo kwimimandla ethile yonxweme.
Imeko yangoku yamandla olwandle kwihlabathi jikelele
Ukusukela ngo-1966, xa isikhululo sombane sokuqala savulwa La Rance, eFransi, iteknoloji iqhubele phambili, nangona isamela inxalenye encinci yamandla ahlaziyekayo kwihlabathi. Amazwe afana South Korea, Canada kunye EUnited Kingdom Sele bakhe amaziko ombane abalulekileyo olwandle, kunye ne Umsinga waseGibraltar ichongiwe njengendawo enesakhono esikhulu eSpain.
Ezinye izibonelelo eziphawulekayo kwihlabathi jikelele ziquka:
- Mutriku, Spain: Nangona ihlala ihlelwa njengamandla amaza, eneneni isebenzisa amandla amaza.
- I-Sihwa Lake, eMzantsi Korea: Lo mzimveliso ngowona mkhulu ehlabathini, unomthamo wama-254 MW.
- La Rance, eFransi: Iziko lokuqala lamandla ombane elakhe lakhiwa, lasebenza ukusukela ngo-1966, lisavelisa malunga nama-240 MW.
- Iprojekthi kaMayGen, eSkotlani: Ngomthamo oqikelelweyo wokuya kuma-398 MW, lolona phuhliso luthembisayo kumandla olwandle.
Ngendaleko yetekhnoloji kunye nokubanakho okubonelelwa ngamandla ahlaziyekayo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba amandla olwandle aya kuqhubeka ukuphuhla kwixesha elizayo elingekude, evumela intatho-nxaxheba enkulu kumxube wamandla ehlabathi.